Editing 1571

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1571|the [[BT Group plc|BT]] [[calling feature]]s service|1-5-7-1}}
{{Year nav|1571}}
[[File:Battle of Lepanto 1571.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[October 7]]: [[Battle of Lepanto]]]]
{{C16 year in topic}}
Year '''1571''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDLXXI]]''') was a [[common year starting on Monday]] of the [[Julian calendar]].

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 11]] &ndash; The Austrian nobility are granted [[freedom of religion]].
* [[January 23]] &ndash; The [[Royal Exchange, London|Royal Exchange]] opens in [[London]], [[Kingdom of England|England]].
* [[February 4]] &ndash; The Spanish [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] missionaries of the [[Ajacán Mission]], established on the [[Virginia Peninsula]] of North America in 1570, are massacred by local Native Americans.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Florida Historical Quarterly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0MTAAAAYAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Florida Historical Society|page=278}}</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; The [[Order of the Knights of Saint John]] transfers the capital of [[Malta]], from [[Birgu]] to [[Valletta]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]]
**The [[3rd Parliament of Elizabeth I]], with 438 members, assembles in England at Westminster after being summoned on February 17.
**[[Dumbarton Castle]] is recaptured from [[James Fleming, 4th Lord Fleming|Lord Fleming]] by the forces of [[Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox]], the Regent for King James VI of Scotland. 
* [[April 12]] &ndash; The [[Ridolfi plot]] to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England is foiled by the capture of Ridolfi's messenger, [[Charles Baillie (papal agent)|Charles Baillie]].
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Pope John XIV of Alexandria]] begins a 15-year reign as leader of the Coptic Christian Church.
* [[April 21]]
**In China, General [[Altan Khan]] is granted authority to rule the western provinces by the [[Ming dynasty]] Emperor [[Longqing Emperor|Longqing]] in return for his payment of a tribute. 
**In the German [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken]], the serfs are emancipated by [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken|John, Count of Palatine and Duke of Zweibrucken]].
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Moscow]] is [[Fire of Moscow (1571)|burnt]] by the [[Crimean Khanate|Crimean]] army, under [[Devlet I Giray]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Henri Troyat|title=Ivan the Terrible|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hHsGc8aaXqIC|date=December 1988|publisher=Dorset Press|isbn=978-0-88029-207-8|page=173|language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 25]] &ndash; The [[Holy League (1571)|Holy League]] is established as an alliance of the [[Papal States]], the [[Republic of Venice]], the [[Republic of Genoa]], the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]], the [[Duchy of Savoy]], the [[Duchy of Urbino]], the [[Kingdom of Naples]] and [[Kingdom of Sicily]](under the rule of the [[Spanish Empire]] and the [[Knights Hospitaller|Knights of Malta]] for mutual defense against attacks by the [[Ottoman Empire]] on ships in the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref>{{cite book | last =Abulafia | first = David | author-link = David Abulafia | title = The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean | year = 2012 | publisher = Penguin Books | page = 451}}</ref>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; Queen Elizabeth I of England gives [[royal assent]] to laws that had been passed by the 3rd Parliament, including the [[Bulls, etc., from Rome Act 1571|Bulls from Rome Act 1571]] to prevent the publication in England of [[papal bulls]] as well as "writings or instruments and other superstitious things from the See of Rome"
* [[June 3]] &ndash; Following the [[Battle of Bangkusay Channel]], the conquest of the [[Kingdom of Maynila]] is complete; Spanish [[Conquistador]] [[Miguel López de Legazpi]] makes [[Manila]] a city, and the capital of the [[Philippines]].
* [[June 24]] &ndash; On the island of [[Luzon]] in the [[Philippines]], [[Miguel López de Legazpi]] of Spain establishes a Spanish fortress at [[Manila Bay]] and, after making a peace pact with the Crown Prince of Luzon, [[Rajah Sulayman]] declares Manila to be the administrative capital of the Spanish East Indies.<ref>{{citation|last=Pisano|first=Nicholas|title=The Spanish Pacification of the Philippines|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a255554.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805023714/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a255554.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=August 5, 2020|date= 5 June 1992|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|page= 285}}</ref>
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Horncastle]], is founded in [[Lincolnshire]], England.
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Jesus College, Oxford|Jesus College]] is established "within the City and [[Colleges of the University of Oxford|University of Oxford]] of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth]]'s foundation" in England, by [[Welsh people|Welsh]] cleric and lawyer [[Hugh Price (lawyer)|Hugh Price]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Hibbert, Christopher|title=The Encyclopædia of Oxford|location=London|publisher=Macmillan|year=1988|isbn=0-333-39917-X|page=198}}</ref>

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 14]] &ndash; In what is now the state of [[Kerala]] in [[India]], the [[Siege of Chaliyam]] begins as the [[Zamorin#List of Calicut Zamorins|Zamorin]] of [[Kozhikode]], Mana Vikrama, sends troops to starve out the Portuguese Empire's Chale fortress.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Monteiro|title=Portuguese Sea Battles, Volume III|year=2011|pages=361–362}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pereira (1617)|title=História da Índia, ao Tempo Que a Governou o Vice-Rei D. Luiz de Ataíde|year=1986|pages=146}}</ref> The Portuguese defender, Dom Jorge de Castro, is allowed to surrender the fort in November and the Portuguese are allowed to march out of the fort. De Castro is executed by the Portuguese Governor-General after returning to Portuguese controlled [[Goa]].
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[St Olave's Grammar School]] is founded in [[Tooley Street]], London.
* [[August 1]] &ndash; The [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–73)#Ottoman conquest of Cyprus|Ottoman conquest of Cyprus]] is concluded, by the surrender of [[Famagusta]]. [[Ottoman Cyprus|Cyprus]] is established as an [[eyalet]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]], and the first [[Turkic peoples|Turkish]] colony moves into the island.
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Liliw, Laguna]], [[Philippines]] is founded by Gat Tayaw, followers and residents as a municipality of [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]].
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[John Erskine, Earl of Mar (died 1572)|John Erskine, Earl of Mar]] is selected by the Scottish royal family to be the new [[Regent of Scotland]] to rule on behalf of the 5-year-old [[James VI of Scotland|King James VI]].<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Mar, John Erskine, 1st or 6th Earl of|volume=17|page=666}}</ref> The Earl of Mar replaces [[Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox]], the King's grandfather, who was assassinated the day before by supporters of his daughter-in-law the imprisoned [[Mary, Queen of Scots]].
* [[September 28]] &ndash; The [[House of Commons of England]] introduces the first [[pro forma#Government|pro forma]] bill, symbolizing its authority over its own affairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/LEGISINFO/index.asp?Language=E&List=faq#cs1|title=The Library of Parliament's research tool for finding information on legislation|publisher=[[Library of Parliament]]|date=2010-01-28|access-date=28 January 2010<!--Added by DASHBot-->|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202015730/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/LEGISINFO/index.asp?Language=E&list=faq |archive-date=February 2, 2010<!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>
* [[September 30]] (12th day of 9th month of [[Genki (era)|Genki]]) &ndash; In [[Japan]], the [[Siege of Mount Hiei]] is carried out by [[Oda Nobunaga]] at [[Ōmi Province]] (now the [[Shiga Prefecture]]). After Nobunaga's 30,000 troops overwhelm the monks of the 4,000 warriors of the [[Sōhei]], Nobunaga orders the massacre of more than 1,500 survivors.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Yasuaki|first=Kaneyasu|title=Kōkogaku suiri jō|publisher=Daikakusha Co.|year=1996|isbn=9784924899100|location=Narashino City}}</ref>

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Battle of Lepanto]]: Spanish, Venetian, and Papal naval forces, under [[Don John of Austria]], defeat the Ottoman fleet of [[Müezzinzade Ali Pasha]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Islamic Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFJTAAAAYAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Islamic Research Institute|page=451}}</ref>
* [[November 4]] &ndash; The [[Mexican Inquisition]], for investigation and punishment of heresy against the Roman Catholic Church in the New World, begins with the first session of the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in New Spain.<ref>John F. Chuchiak IV, ''The Inquisition in New Spain, 1571–1820: A Documentary History'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012) p.236</ref>
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[Michele Bonelli]] is sent as the ''[[papal legate|legate a latere]]'' by [[Pope Pius V]] to work directly with King [[Charles IX of France]]. From June 18 until his new assignment, Bonelli had been the legate to the King of Spain and the King of Portugal.
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Clan Gordon]] defeats [[Clan Forbes]] in the [[Battle of Craibstone]], fought near [[Aberdeen]] in [[Scotland]]. Clan Forbes sustains 300 deaths and 200 men are taken prisoner out of its original contingent of 900, while Clan Gordon suffers 200 deaths of its 800 men.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mcjazz.f2s.com/Battles.htm| title=Battle of Craibstone/Battles in Aberdeenshire| work=mcjazz.f2s.com| access-date=11 March 2012}}</ref> 
* [[December 24]] &ndash; [[Henry XI of Legnica|Henry XI]], Duke of the German [[Legnica|Duchy of Liegnitz]] (now part of Poland), who had increased the Duchy's debts from 80,000 [[thalers]] to 700,000 [[thalers]] over 11 years, attempts to get the representatives of the Congress of Estates to pledge their own goods and valuables as collateral for refinancing the debt. When the representatives of the different parts of the Duchy refuse, he has them jailed until they agree to pay taxes for 10 percent of the debt owed.

=== Date unknown ===
* Using mercury in the silver extraction process dramatically increases the output of the [[Potosí#History and silver extraction|Potosí]] mine; thus begins the great silver flow that links the New and Old Worlds.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://epicworldhistory.blogspot.com/2012/05/potosi-silver-mines-of-colonial-peru.html | title  = Epic World History: Potosí (Silver Mines of Colonial Peru) | work = epicworldhistory.blogspot.com | date = 2015 | quote = In 1571, after numerous trials, the Spanish perfected the techniques for refining Potosí's silver ore with Huancavelica's mercury, prompting Viceroy Francisco de Toledo to gush that the union of the two mines would create the world's greatest marriage. | access-date = 1 May 2015 }}</ref>
* The [[Swedish Church Ordinance 1571]] creates the first complete order of the Protestant Swedish church. The church ordinance also includes a chapter about schooling, in which all children in the cities, regardless of sex, are to be given elementary schooling.<ref>Du Rietz, Anita, Kvinnors entreprenörskap: under 400 år, 1. uppl., Dialogos, Stockholm, 2013</ref>
* [[Taipalsaari]] is founded.

== Births ==
[[File:ShahAbbasPortraitFromItalianPainter.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Abbas I of Safavid]]]]
[[File:Portrait Confused With Johannes Kepler 1610.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Johannes Kepler]]]]
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy]], French soldier in Habsburg service (d. [[1621]])
* [[January 27]] &ndash; [[Abbas I of Safavid]], [[Safavid dynasty|Shah of Iran]] (d. [[1629]])
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Michael Praetorius]], German composer and writer on music (d. [[1621]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Raymond Russell|title=The Harpsichord and Clavichord: An Introductory Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zony3r0TiPYC|year=1965|publisher=October House|page=96}}</ref>
* [[March 31]] &ndash; [[Pietro Aldobrandini]], Italian cardinal, archbishop (d. [[1621]])
* [[April 17]] &ndash; [[Adam Contzen]], German economist (d. [[1635]])
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Branca]], Italian architect and engineer (d. [[1645]])
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Sur Singh]], Ruler of [[Marwar]] (d. [[1619]])
* [[May 11]] &ndash; [[Niwa Nagashige]], Japanese warlord (d. [[1637]])
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Thomas Mun]], English writer on economics (d. [[1641]])
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Theodoor Galle]], Flemish engraver (d. [[1633]])
* [[August 2]] &ndash; [[Charles, Duke of Guise]], son of Henry I (d. [[1640]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Anders Bure]], founder of Swedish [[cartography]] (d. [[1646]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Álvaro de Bazán, 2nd Marquis of Santa Cruz]] (d. [[1646]])
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Battista Magnani]], Italian architect (d. [[1653]])
* [[September 29]] &ndash; [[Caravaggio]], Venetian artist (d. [[1610]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Gilles Neret|title=Caravaggio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lMKcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA93|publisher=Taschen|isbn=978-3-8365-3685-1|pages=93}}</ref>
* [[October 7]]
** [[Anton Henry, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen]] from 1586 (d. [[1638]])
** [[Maria, Abbess of Quedlinburg]], German abbess (d. [[1610]])
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Jacob Matham]], Dutch artist (d. [[1631]])
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Wolfgang Ratke]], German educational reformer (d. [[1635]])
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Hippolytus Guarinonius]], Italian physician and polymath (d. [[1654]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Lakshmi Kumara Thathachariar]], Indian saint (d. [[1643]])
* [[December 4]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias]], Spanish prince (d. [[1578]])
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Metius]], Dutch mathematician and astronomer (d. [[1635]])
* [[December 20]]
** [[Giles de Coninck]], Flemish Jesuit theologian (d. [[1633]])
** [[Scévole de Sainte-Marthe (1571–1650)|Scévole de Sainte-Marthe]], French historian (d. [[1650]])
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Johannes Kepler]], German astronomer (d. [[1630]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Acta universitatis palackianae olomucensis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UwYWAAAAIAAJ|year=1978|page=61}}</ref>
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Emperor Go-Yōzei]] of Japan (d. [[1617]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Henry Ainsworth]], English Nonconformist clergyman and scholar (d. [[1622]])
** [[William Bedell]], Anglican churchman (d. [[1642]])
** [[Willem Blaeu]], Dutch cartographer (d. [[1638]])
** [[Charles Butler (beekeeper)|Charles Butler]], English beekeeper and philologist (d. [[1647]]) 
** [[Inés de Hinojosa]], Venezuelan [[hacendada]] (b. [[1540]])
** [[Frederick de Houtman]], Dutch explorer (d. [[1627]])
** [[Esther Inglis]], French (?British-born) calligrapher (d. [[1624]])
** [[Lucrezia Marinella]], Italian poet and author (d. [[1653]])
** [[Paulus Moreelse]], Dutch painter (d. [[1638]])
** [[Hugh Roe O'Donnell]], Irish chieftain and rebel (d. [[1603]])
** [[Aleksander Ostrogski]], Polish nobleman (d. [[1603]])
** [[Alessandro Peretti di Montalto]], Venetian cardinal (d. [[1623]])
** [[Thomas Storer]], English poet (d. [[1604]])
** [[Thomas Wintour]], English [[Gunpowder Plot]] conspirator (d. [[1606]])

== Deaths ==
[[File:Hans Asper.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Hans Asper]]]]
* [[January 3]] 
** [[Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg]] (b. [[1505]])
** [[Yi Hwang]], Korean Neo-Confucian scholar, (b.[[1502]])
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon]], French naval officer (b. [[1510]])
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin]] (b. [[1513]])
* [[January 19]] &ndash; [[Paris Bordone]], Venetian painter (b. [[1495]])
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Nicholas Throckmorton]], English diplomat and politician (b. [[1515]])
* [[February 13]] &ndash; [[Benvenuto Cellini]], Italian artist (b. [[1500]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir John Wyndham Pope-Hennessy|title=An Introduction to Italian Sculpture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xW3qAAAAMAAJ|year=1963|publisher=Phaidon Press|page=70}}</ref>
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[Tsukahara Bokuden]], Japanese swordsman (b. [[1489]])
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[John Sigismund Zápolya]], King of Hungary (b. [[1540]])
* [[March 21]] 
** [[Odet de Coligny]], French cardinal and Protestant (b. [[1517]])
** [[Hans Asper]], Swiss painter (b. [[1499]])
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews)|John Hamilton]], Scottish prelate and politician (b. [[1511]])
* [[May 4]] &ndash; [[Pierre Viret]], Swiss theologian (b. [[1511]])
* [[May 29]] &ndash; [[Joachim Mörlin]], German Lutheran bishop (b. [[1514]])
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[John Story (martyr)|John Story]], English Catholic (martyred) (b. [[1504]])
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Tarik Sulayman]], Filipino chieftain
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Francesco Corteccia]], Italian composer (b. [[1502]])
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Mōri Motonari]], Japanese warlord (b. [[1497]])
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Shimazu Takahisa]], Japanese samurai and warlord (b. [[1514]])
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Georg Fabricius]], German poet (b. [[1516]])<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Fabricius, Georg |volume= 10 | page= 119 |quote= ....where he died on the 17th of July 1571}}</ref>
* [[August 17]] &ndash; [[Marco Antonio Bragadin]], Venetian lawyer and military officer (b. [[1523]])
* [[September 4]] &ndash; [[Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox]] (b. [[1516]])
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[John Jewel]], English Anglican bishop (b. [[1522]])
* [[October 7]]
** [[Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg]], Danish queen, consort of [[Christian III of Denmark]] (b. [[1511]])
** [[Müezzinzade Ali Pasha]], Ottoman statesmen and naval officer
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Jan Blahoslav]], Czech writer (b. [[1523]])
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[Lorenzo Strozzi]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1513]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Titu Cusi]], Incan ruler (b. [[1529]])
** [[Anna Vigfúsdóttir á Stóru-Borg]], Icelandic landowner
** [[Setthathirath]], Laotian king of [[Lan Na]] and [[Lan Xang]] (b. [[1534]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:1571| ]]