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{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}} {{About year|1645|the chord progression|1-6-4-5}} {{Year nav|1645}} [[File:Inverlochycastle.jpg|thumb|300px|[[February 2]]: [[Battle of Inverlochy (1645)|Battle of Inverlochy]].]] {{Year article header|1645}} {{C17 year in topic}} == Events == [[File:Scene from recreation of Battle of Naseby.jpg|thumb|300px|[[June 14]]: The [[Battle of Naseby]] (as shown in a re-enactment) is fought as the Parliamentarian Roundheads defeat the Royalist Cavaliers]] <onlyinclude> === January–March === * [[January 3]] – The [[Long Parliament]] adopts the ''[[Directory for Public Worship]]'' in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the [[Book of Common Prayer]] ([[1559]]). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not to be observed. * [[January 10]] – [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[William Laud]] is executed for [[treason]] on [[Tower Hill]], London.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyorb.com/events/date/1645|title=Historical Events for Year 1645 | OnThisDay.com |website=Historyorb.com |access-date=July 8, 2016}}</ref> * [[January 14]] – [[English Civil War]]: [[Thomas Fairfax]] is appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Parliamentarians. * [[January 29]] – [[English Civil War]]: [[Treaty of Uxbridge|Armistice talks]] open at [[Uxbridge]]. * [[February 2]] – [[Battle of Inverlochy (1645)|Battle of Inverlochy]]: The Scottish [[Covenanter]]s are defeated by [[James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose|Montrose]].<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=BTL24|desc=Battle of Inverlochy II|access-date=June 20, 2020}}</ref> * [[February 15]] – [[English Civil War]]: The [[New Model Army]] is officially founded. * [[February 28]] – [[English Civil War]]: The Uxbridge armistice talks fail. * [[March 4]] – [[English Civil War]]: [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine|Prince Rupert]] leaves [[Oxford]] for [[Bristol]]. * [[March 5]] – [[Thirty Years' War]] – [[Battle of Jankau]]: The armies of [[Sweden]] decisively defeat the forces of the Holy Roman Empire, in one of the bloodiest battles of the war, in southern Bohemia, some 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Prague. * [[March 31]] – Fearing the spread of the [[Black Death]] (plague), [[Edinburgh]] Town Council prohibits all gatherings except weddings and funerals. === April–June === * [[April 3]] – The [[House of Lords]] passes the ''[[Self-denying Ordinance]]'', requiring members of the [[Parliament of England]] to resign [[Commissioned officer|commission]]s in the armed services. * [[April 10]] – Because of the [[Black Death|plague]], the [[Edinburgh]] town council orders that the college graduation ceremony should be moved forward, so that students can leave the city (on [[November 19]], teaching resumes in [[Linlithgow]]). * [[April 23]] ([[St George's Day]]) – [[English Civil War]]: One hundred and fifty Irish soldiers bound for service with King [[Charles I of England]] are captured at sea by [[Roundhead|Parliamentarian]]s and killed at [[Pembroke, Pembrokeshire|Pembroke]] in Wales. * [[May 2]] – [[Thirty Years' War]] – [[Battle of Herbsthausen]] (or Mergentheim): The Bavarian army, led by [[Franz von Mercy]], catches French forces led by Marshal [[Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne]] unawares, and heavily defeats them. * [[May 9]] – [[Battle of Auldearn]]: Scottish [[Covenanter]]s are defeated by Montrose.<ref>{{cite book | last = Black | first = Jeremy | title = A History of the British Isles | publisher = Macmillan Education UK Imprint Palgrave | location = London | year = 1997 | isbn = 9781349260065 | page=28 | language=en}}</ref> * [[June 1]] – [[English Civil War]]: Prince Rupert's army sacks [[Leicester]]. * [[June 10]] – [[English Civil War]]: [[Oliver Cromwell]] is confirmed as the Lieutenant-General of the Cavalry. * [[June 14]] – [[English Civil War]] – [[Battle of Naseby]]: 12,000 [[Cavalier|Royalist]] forces are beaten by 15,000 [[Long Parliament|Parliamentarian]] soldiers.<ref name="history">{{cite book | last = Morrill | first = J. S. | title = The Oxford illustrated history of Tudor & Stuart Britain | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford New York | year = 1996 | isbn = 9780198203254 | page=372}}</ref> * [[June 28]] – [[English Civil War]]: The Royalists lose [[Carlisle]]. === July–September === * [[July 2]] – [[English Civil War]] – Battle of Alford – [[Alford, Aberdeenshire]]. * [[July 10]] – [[English Civil War]] – [[Battle of Langport]]: Cromwell wins in [[Somerset]].<ref name="history"/> * [[July 21]] – [[Qing Dynasty]] regent [[Dorgon]] issues an [[Queue (hairstyle)#Queue order|edict]] ordering all [[Han Chinese]] men to shave their forehead, and braid the rest of their hair into a queue, identical to those of the [[Manchus]]. * [[July 23]] – [[Tsar]] [[Alexei Mikhailovich]] of Russia comes to the throne. * [[July 30]] – [[English Civil War]]: [[Covenanters|Scottish Covenanters]] under [[Lord Leven]] begin the [[Siege of Hereford]], a [[Cavalier|Royalist]] stronghold. * [[August 23]] (August 13 [[Old Style]]) – The [[Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)|Treaty of Brömsebro]] is signed between Sweden and [[Denmark–Norway]], ending the [[Torstenson War]] and ceding [[Jemtland]], [[Herjedalen]], [[Gotland]] and Ösel ([[Saaremaa]]) to Sweden, which also holds the province of [[Halland]] for a period of 30 years, as a guarantee. * [[September 1]] – [[English Civil War]]: Scottish Covenanters abandon the Siege of Hereford and retreat northwards * [[September 10]] – [[English Civil War]]: Prince Rupert surrenders Bristol. * [[September 13]] – [[Battle of Philiphaugh]]: The Covenanters defeat Montrose at [[Selkirk, Scottish Borders|Selkirk]].<ref name="history"/> * [[September 24]] – [[English Civil War]] – [[Battle of Rowton Heath]]: Parliamentarians defeat the Royalist cavalry. === October–December === * [[October 8]]–[[October 14|14]] – [[English Civil War]]: The [[Third siege of Basing House]] by [[Oliver Cromwell]] results in its destruction. * [[October 8]] – [[Jeanne Mance]] founds the [[Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal]], the first hospital in North America. * [[October 11]] – [[English Civil War]]: Re-fortification of [[Bourne Castle]] in [[Lincolnshire]] against a threatened Royalist attack begins. * [[November 20]] – The ''Colegio de Santo Tomas'' is elevated by [[Pope Innocent X]] into the [[University of Santo Tomas]], in his brief ''In Supreminenti''. It has the oldest extant University Charter in the Philippines, as well as the whole of Asia. * [[December 18]] – [[English Civil War]]: The Royalist stronghold of [[Hereford]] is seized in a swift attack by Parliamentary forces under [[John Birch (Roundhead)|John Birch]]. === Date unknown === * [[Bambara people|Bamana]] forces from [[Ségou]] invade the [[Mali]] heartland, destroying the [[Mali Empire]] after its 400 years as a unified state. * The Stolberg-Wernigerode branch of the family of the counts of Stolberg and [[Wernigerode]] is founded in Germany. * The [[Solar cycle]] enters the 70-year [[Maunder Minimum]], during which [[sunspot]]s will be rare.<ref>{{cite journal|author-link=John A. Eddy|last=Eddy|first=John A.|title=The Maunder Minimum|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=192|issue=4245|pages=1189–1202 |pmid=17771739|doi=10.1126/science.192.4245.1189|jstor=1742583|bibcode=1976Sci...192.1189E |date=June 1976|s2cid=33896851}}</ref> * [[Wallpaper]] begins to replace [[tapestry|tapestries]], as a wall decoration. * The [[Roxbury Latin School]] is founded. </onlyinclude> == Births == [[File:Michael Wening.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Michael Wening]]]] [[File:Don Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora]]]] [[File:Chikkadevaraja.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Chikka Devaraja]]]] [[File:Tomas Pereira.JPG|thumb|right|110px|[[Thomas Pereira]]]] [[File:Nicolas Lémery.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Nicolas Lemery]]]] === January–March === * [[January 9]] – [[Sir William Villiers, 3rd Baronet]], English politician (d. [[1712]]) * [[January 22]] – [[Isaac Addington]], longtime functionary of various colonial governments of Massachusetts (d. [[1719]]) * [[January 28]] – [[Gottfried Vopelius]], German academic (d. [[1715]]) * [[February 9]] – [[Johann Aegidius Bach]], German organist, father of Johann Bernhard Bach (d. [[1716]]) * [[February 16]] – [[John Sharp (bishop)|John Sharp]], English Archbishop of York (d. [[1714]]) * [[February 13]] – [[Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland]], England (d. [[1693]]) * [[February 22]] ** [[Johann Ambrosius Bach]], German musician (d. [[1695]]) ** [[Johann Christoph Bach (musician at Arnstadt)|Johann Christoph Bach]], German composer (d. [[1693]]) * [[February 24]] – [[Francis I Rákóczi]], Hungarian prince of Transylvania (d. [[1676]]) * [[March 17]] – [[Peter Du Cane, the elder]], British noble Huguenot refugee (d. [[1714]]) * [[March 20]] – [[Arthur Brownlow]], Anglo-Irish politician (d. [[1711]]) * [[March 25]] – [[Marco Battaglini]], Italian Catholic bishop (d. [[1717]]) === April–June === * [[April 3]] – [[François Vachon de Belmont]], French Catholic bishop (d. [[1732]]) * [[April 11]] – [[Juan del Valle y Caviedes]], Spanish-born Peruvian poet (d. [[1697]]) * [[April 17]] – [[James Olmsted]], Connecticut politician (d. [[1731]]) * [[April 22]] – [[Christine of Baden-Durlach]], German noblewoman (d. [[1705]]) * [[May 3]] – [[Thomas Maule (Quaker)|Thomas Maule]], prominent Quaker in colonial Salem (d. [[1724]]) * [[May 4]] – [[Thomas Alvey]], English physician (d. [[1704]]) * [[May 14]] – [[François de Callières]], French writer and diplomat (d. [[1717]]) * [[May 15]] – [[George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys]], British judge (d. [[1689]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Wrenn | first = Dorothy | title = Shropshire history makers | publisher = EP Pub | location = Wakefield | year = 1975 | isbn = 9780715810965 | page=14 | language=en}}</ref> * [[June 13]] – [[Giacomo Cantelmo]], Italian Catholic cardinal (d. [[1702]]) * [[June 14]] – [[Haquin Spegel]], Swedish bishop (d. [[1714]]) * [[June 15]] – [[Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin]], English politician (d. [[1712]]) === July–September === * [[July 11]] – [[Michael Wening]], German engraver (d. [[1718]]) * [[July 27]] – [[Frederik Johan van Baer]], Dutch army commander (d. [[1713]]) * [[July 28]] – [[Marguerite Louise d'Orléans]], French princess (d. [[1721]]) * August – [[Charles Louis Simonneau]], French engraver (d. [[1728]]) * [[August 3]] – [[August Kühnel]], German composer and violist (d. [[1700]]) * [[August 5]] – [[Charles Schomberg, 2nd Duke of Schomberg]], English general (d. [[1693]]) * [[August 6]] – [[Joseph Herrick]], principal law enforcement officer in Salem, Massachusetts (d. [[1710]]) * [[August 10]] – [[Eusebio Kino]], Italian Catholic missionary (d. [[1711]]) * [[August 14]] – [[Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora]], Mexican academic (d. [[1700]]) * [[August 16]] – [[Jean de La Bruyère]], French writer (d. [[1696]]) * [[August 25]] – [[Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam (younger)|Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam]], Dutch general (d. [[1714]]) * [[August 30]] – [[Giuseppe Avanzi]], Italian painter (d. [[1718]]) * [[September 4]] ** [[Johannes Jakob Buxtorf]], Swiss Hebraist (d. [[1705]]) ** [[John North (Trinity)|John North]], 5th of fourteen children of Sir Dudley North (d. [[1683]]) * [[September 10]] – [[Romeyn de Hooghe]], Dutch Golden Age painter, engraver, and sculptor (d. [[1708]]) * [[September 21]] – [[Louis Jolliet]], French Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America (d. [[1700]]) * [[September 22]] – [[Chikka Devaraja]], Ruler of Mysore (d. [[1704]]) * [[September 25]] – [[Naitō Kiyokazu]], Japanese daimyō who ruled the Takatō Domain (d. [[1714]]) * [[September 28]] – [[Sir Edward Hales, 3rd Baronet]], English politician (d. [[1695]]) === October–December === * [[October 1]] – [[John Alford (died 1691)|John Alford]], English politician (d. [[1691]]) * [[October 7]] – [[Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis]], French admiral and privateer (d. [[1707]]) * [[October 10]] – [[Jakob Gronovius]], Dutch classical scholar (d. [[1716]]) * [[October 21]] – [[Christine Charlotte of Württemberg]], Regent of East Frisia (d. [[1699]]) * [[October 26]] – [[Aert de Gelder]], Dutch painter (d. [[1727]]) * [[October 28]] – [[John Philip II, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun]], German noble (d. [[1693]]) * [[November 1]] – [[Thomas Pereira]], Portuguese Jesuit mathematician (d. [[1708]]) * [[November 6]] – [[Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg]], Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (d. [[1698]]) * [[November 11]] – [[Govert van der Leeuw]], Dutch painter (d. [[1688]]) * [[November 12]] – [[Georg Wolfgang Wedel]], German physician, surgeon, botanist, chemist, philosopher (d. [[1721]]) * [[November 17]] – [[Nicolas Lemery]], French chemist (d. [[1715]]) * [[November 30]] – [[Andreas Werckmeister]], German organist, music theorist, and composer (d. [[1706]]) * [[December 3]] – [[Michał Stefan Radziejowski]], Polish Catholic cardinal (d. [[1705]]) * [[December 6]] – [[Maria de Dominici]], Maltese artist (d. [[1703]]) * [[December 14]] – [[Jacob de Wilde]], Dutch civil servant, art collector (d. [[1721]]) * [[December 24]] – [[Hans Carl von Carlowitz]], German forester (d. [[1714]]) * [[December 27]] – [[Giovanni Antonio Viscardi]], Swiss architect (d. [[1713]]) === Date unknown === * [[Giovanni Antonio Fumiani]], Venetian painter of the Baroque period (d. [[1710]]) === Probable === * Captain [[William Kidd]], Scottish pirate (d. [[1701]]) == Deaths == [[File:Mary Ward.jpg|thumb|right|110px|Venerable [[Mary Ward (nun)|Mary Ward]]]] [[File:Mariana de Jesús.jpg|thumb|right|110px|Saint [[Mariana de Jesús de Paredes]]]] [[File:Musashi ts pic.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Miyamoto Musashi]]]] [[File:Michael-I-Romanov-Wedekind - detail.jpg|thumb|right|110px|Tsar [[Michael I of Russia]]]] [[File:Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt - Hugo Grotius.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Hugo Grotius]]]] [[File:San Juan Macias official side.jpg|thumb|right|110px|Saint [[John Macias]]]] [[File:PhilippTheodorWaldeck.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck]]]] * [[January 2]] – [[Agnes of Limburg-Styrum]], Abbess of Elten, Vreden, Borghorst and Freckenhorst (b. [[1563]]) * [[January 10]] – [[William Laud]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. [[1573]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Archaeologia Cambrensis: the journal of the Cambrian Archaeological Association|year=1859|publisher=Cambrian Archaeological Association|page=72}}</ref> * [[January 11]] – [[Henry Gage (soldier)|Henry Gage]], Royalist officer in the English Civil War (b. [[1597]]) * [[January 17]] – [[Pál Esterházy (1587–1645)|Pál Esterházy]], Hungarian noble (b. [[1587]]) * [[January 24]] – [[Giovanni Branca]], Italian architect and engineer (b. [[1571]]) * [[January 30]] – [[Mary Ward (nun)|Mary Ward]], English [[Roman Catholic]] Religious Sister and Venerable (b. [[1585]]) * [[January 31]] – [[Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve]], illegitimate son of King Christian IV of Denmark and his mistress (b. [[1615]]) * [[February 9]] – [[Mutio Vitelleschi]], Italian Jesuit Superior General (b. [[1563]]) * [[February 10]] – [[Dorothea Sophia, Abbess of Quedlinburg]] Abbey (b. [[1587]]) * [[February 14]] – [[François de La Rochefoucauld (cardinal)|François de La Rochefoucauld]], French Catholic cardinal (b. [[1558]]) * [[February 16]] – [[Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (1585–1645)|Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba]], Spanish general (b. [[1585]]) * [[February 24]] – [[Philip VII, Count of Waldeck]]-Wildungen (1638–1645) (b. [[1613]]) * [[March 4]] – [[Matthias Hoe von Hoenegg]], German theologian (b. [[1580]]) * [[March 24]] – [[Sir Thomas Aston, 1st Baronet]], English politician (b. [[1600]]) * [[April 6]] – [[William Burton (antiquary, died 1645)|William Burton]], British antiquarian (b. [[1575]]) * [[April 16]] – [[Tobias Hume]], English composer (b. [[1559]]) * [[April 17]] – [[Daniel Featley]], English theologian and controversialist (b. [[1582]]) * [[April 29]] – [[Maximilian of Liechtenstein]], Austrian nobleman and Imperial General (b. [[1578]]) * [[May 20]] – [[Shi Kefa]], Chinese [[Ming Dynasty]] official (b. [[1601]]) * [[May 21]] – [[Crown Prince Sohyeon]], Korean crown prince (b. [[1612]]) * [[May 26]] – [[Mariana de Jesús de Paredes]], Ecuadorian [[Roman Catholic]] hermit and saint (b. [[1618]]) * [[May 29]] – [[Adam Christian Agricola]], German Evangelical preacher (b. [[1593]]) * [[June 13]] – [[Miyamoto Musashi]], Japanese swordsman (b. c. [[1584]]) * [[July 7]] – [[Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim]], officer and amateur poet (b. [[1569]]) * [[July 13]] – [[Marie de Gournay]], French writer (b. [[1565]]) * [[July 17]] – [[Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset]], Scottish politician (b. c. [[1590]]) * [[July 22]] – [[Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares]], Spanish statesman (b. [[1587]]) * [[July 23]] – Tsar [[Michael I of Russia]] (b. [[1596]]) * [[August 6]] – [[Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex]], English merchant (b. [[1575]]) * [[August 18]] – [[Eudoxia Streshneva]], Tsaritsa of Russia (b. [[1608]]) * [[August 28]] – [[Hugo Grotius]], Dutch philosopher and writer (b. [[1583]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Spuyman|first=Ceren|date=December 10, 2019|title=Hugo de Groot: one of the greatest Dutch thinkers of all time|url=https://dutchreview.com/culture/history/hugo-de-groot-history/|access-date=August 28, 2020|website=DutchReview|language=en}}</ref> * [[August 31]] – [[Francesco Bracciolini]], Italian poet (b. [[1566]]) * [[September 8]] – [[Francisco de Quevedo]], Spanish writer (b. [[1580]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Quevedo | first = FirstName | title = Selected poetry of Francisco de Quevedo : a bilingual edition | publisher = University of Chicago Press | location = Chicago | year = 2009 | isbn = 9780226698915 | page=15 | language=en}}</ref> * [[September 11]] – [[Nikolaus, Count Esterházy]], Hungarian noble (b. [[1583]]) * [[September 14]] – [[Sir Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baronet]], English politician (b. [[1585]]) * [[September 16]] – [[John Macias]], Spanish [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friar and saint (b. [[1585]]) * [[October 2]] – [[Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1566]]) * [[November 21]] – [[William Helyar]], English chaplain (b. [[1559]]) * [[December 7]] – [[Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck]]-Eisenberg (1640–1645) (b. [[1614]]) * [[December 12]] – [[Giovanni Bernardino Azzolini]] or Mazzolini or Asoleni, Italian painter (b. c. [[1572]]) * [[December 17]] – [[Nur Jahan]], empress consort of the Mughal Empire (b. [[1577]]) * [[December 28]] – [[Gaspar de Borja y Velasco]], Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. [[1580]]) * ''date unknown'' ** [[Françoise-Marie Jacquelin]], Acadian heroine (b. [[1621]]) ** [[William Lithgow (traveller and author)|William Lithgow]], Scottish traveller (b. c. [[1585]]) ** [[Sultan Agung]], third Sultan of Mataram (b. 1593) == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1645}} [[Category:1645| ]]
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