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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}} {{Year dab|1646}} {{Year nav|1646}} [[File:Charles I Lami Louvre Inv5579.jpg|300px|thumb|[[December 23]]: ''[[Charles I Receiving a Rose]]'' by [[Eugène Lami]]. Deposed King [[Charles I of England]] is imprisoned at [[Carisbrooke Castle]] after being turned over to the forces of General [[Oliver Cromwell]].]] {{C17 year in topic}} {{Year article header|1646}} It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000('''M''')+500('''D''')+100('''C''')+(-10('''X''')+50('''L'''))+5('''V''')+1('''I''') = 1646). == Events == <onlyinclude> === January–March === * [[January 5]] – The English House of Commons approves a bill to provide for Ireland to be governed by a single Englishman. * [[January 9]] – [[Battle of Bovey Heath]] in Devonshire: Oliver Cromwell's [[New Model Army]] surprises and routs the Royalist camp of [[Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth|Lord Wentworth]]. * [[January 19]] – [[Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet]], a Royalist fighting for Prince Charles against Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth, is imprisoned for insubordination after proposing to make [[Cornwall]] self-governing in order to win Cornish support for the Royalists. After being incarcerated at the tidal island of [[St Michael's Mount]] off of the coast of Cornwall, he is allowed to escape in March to avoid capture by Cromwell's troops. * [[January 20]] – [[Francesco Molin]] is elected as the 99th [[Doge of Venice]] after 23 ballots, and governs the Venetian Republic for nine years until his death in 1655. * [[January 21]] – [[Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester]] is approved by England's House of Commons as the [[Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]]. * [[February 16]] – [[First English Civil War]] – [[Battle of Torrington]]: A decisive [[Roundhead|Parliamentary]] victory is gained over the [[Cavalier|Royalist]]s.<ref>{{cite book | last = Edgar | first = F. T. R. | title = Sir Ralph Hopton: the King's man in the West (1642-1652): a study in character and command | publisher = Clarendon P | location = Oxford | year = 1968 | isbn = 9780198213727 | page=183 | language=en}}</ref> * [[February 28]] – Roger Scott is tried in [[Massachusetts]] for sleeping in church. * [[March 2]] – The future [[Charles II of England]] escapes from [[Cornwall]] into exile across the [[English Channel]]. * [[March 6]] – Joseph Jenkes obtains the first colonial machine patent, in Massachusetts. * [[March 15]] – Start of the [[Battles of La Naval de Manila]], a series of five naval battles fought between the [[Dutch Republic]] and [[Spain]] in the waters of the [[Philippines]]. === April–June === * [[April 24]] – The [[Union of Uzhhorod|Union of Uzhorod]] brings the [[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian Greek Orthodox Church]] into the fold of the [[Catholic Church]] while allowing it to retain its [[Byzantine Rite|Eastern]] and [[Rusyns|Rusyn]] character. * [[April 27]] – King [[Charles I of England]] flees from [[Oxford]] (where he has been overwintering) in disguise and begins [[Charles I's journey from Oxford to the Scottish army camp near Newark|his journey to the Scottish army camp near Newark]]. * [[May 5]] – King Charles I of England surrenders his forces to a [[Scotland|Scottish]] army at [[Southwell, Nottinghamshire]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/261 261]|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/261}}</ref> * [[May 6]] – American colonial poet [[Anne Bradstreet]] becomes a founding mother of Andover Parish (modern-day [[North Andover]]), Massachusetts. * [[May 30]] – [[Eighty Years' War]]: [[Habsburg Spain]] and the [[Dutch Republic]] sign a temporary cease-fire. * [[June 20]] – Third [[Siege of Oxford]] concludes with signing of the surrender of the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] garrison at [[Oxford]] to General [[Thomas Fairfax]]'s Parliamentary [[New Model Army]]; on the 24th of June the main force marches out, ending the [[First English Civil War]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Civil War: Surrender of Oxford|url=http://oxonblueplaques.org.uk/plaques/civil_war.html|work=Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Scheme|publisher=Oxfordshire Blue Plaques Board|year=2013|access-date=2014-10-10}}</ref> === July–September === * [[July 7]] – The populist political movement called the [[Levellers]] appears in England with the publication of the Levellers manifesto, '' A Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens'' by Richard Overton and William Walwyn.<ref>Martin Loughlin, ''Political Jurisprudence'' (Oxford University Press, 2017)</ref> * [[July 12]] – Lightning strikes the gunpowder tower of the castle of [[Bredevoort]] in the Netherlands, causing an explosion that destroys parts of the [[castle]] and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others. Only one son, Anthonie, who is not home that day, survives.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BywXAAAAYAAJ&q=bredevoort&pg=PA52|via=Google Books|title=Geldersche volks-Almanack ... met dedewerking van vele beoefenaars der geldersche geschiedenis|year=1868}}</ref> * [[July 30]] – Commissioners of the [[Parliament of England]] and Scottish [[Covenanter]]s meeting in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] set out the [[Heads of Proposals]] ("Newcastle Propositions") demanding that [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] gives up control of the army and place restrictions on Catholics, as the basis for a constitutional settlement.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> * [[August 19]] **The [[Westminster Assembly]] of Divines, meeting in London, approves a resolution to begin the drawing up of the [[Westminster Confession of Faith]], declaring that "These heads of Faith, Repentance, and Good Works shall be referred to the three Committees in their order to prepare something upon them for the Confession of Faith.";<ref>"The Making of the Westminster Confession, and Especially of Its Chapter on the Decree of God", ''The Presbyterian and Reformed Review'' (April 1901) p. 253</ref> the draft is printed and sent to the Parliament of England in December. **[[First English Civil War]]: [[Raglan Castle]] in [[Wales]] surrenders to [[General Fairfax]] after a 2-month siege; it is later destroyed.<ref>{{cite book | last = Manganiello | first = Stephen | title = The concise encyclopedia of the revolutions and wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639-1660 | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Lanham, Md | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780810851009 | page=450 | language=en}}</ref> * [[September 16]] – The new [[Orange College of Breda]] opens at [[Breda]] in the [[Dutch Republic]]. === October–December === * [[October 10]] – France takes [[Dunkirk]] from the [[Spanish Netherlands]] for the first time. * [[October 28]] – The first [[Protestant]] church assembly for Native Americans (specifically, the [[Waban]] people) is held in Massachusetts. * [[October 9]] – The Anglican [[episcopacy]] is formally abolished by an act of England's Parliament.<ref name=Richardson>M. A. Richardson, ''The Local Historian's Table Book of Remarkable Occurrences... Connected with the Counties of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Northumberland, and Durham'' (M. A. Richardson, 1841) p. 277</ref><ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title= The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=181–182|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> * [[November 4]] – [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] enacts the death penalty as punishment for denying [[Biblical inspiration]]. * [[November 16]] – Following up on the abolition of the episcopacy, Parliament passes an act to sell the bishops' lands across the Commonwealth.<ref name=Richardson/> * [[December 7]] – [[Countess Louise Henriette of Nassau]] marries [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]], on her 19th birthday at The Hague. * [[December 23]] – The [[Covenanter]]s hand over King [[Charles I of England]] to the Parliamentarians.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/> </onlyinclude> == Births == [[File:Christian-5-profilny.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Christian V of Denmark]]]] [[File:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Bernhard Christoph Francke.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]]] [[File:John Flamsteed 1702.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[John Flamsteed]]]] === January–March === * [[January 1]] – [[David Makeléer]], Swedish politician (d. [[1708]]) * [[January 6]] – [[Jan Van Cleef]], Flemish painter (d. [[1716]]) * [[February 4]] – [[Hans Erasmus Aßmann]], German statesman and poet from the second Silesian school (d. [[1699]]) * [[February 10]] – [[Hans Adam Weissenkircher]], Austrian painter (d. [[1695]]) * [[February 17]] – [[Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert]], French economist (d. [[1714]]) * [[February 23]] – [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]], Japanese shōgun (d. [[1709]]) * [[March 19]] – [[Michael Kongehl]], German poet and hymnwriter (d. [[1710]]) * [[March 25]] – [[Niels Jonsson Stromberg af Clastorp]], Swedish noble (d. [[1723]]) === April–June === * [[April 1]] – [[Hermann Otto II of Limburg Stirum]], German army commander (d. [[1704]]) * [[April 4]] – [[Antoine Galland]], French orientalist and archaeologist (d. [[1715]]) * [[April 6]] – [[Henry Goring (1646–1685)|Henry Goring]], English politician (d. [[1685]]) * [[April 12]] – [[Pietro Dandini]], Italian painter (d. [[1712]]) * [[April 15]] – King [[Christian V of Denmark]] (d. [[1699]]) * [[April 16]] – [[Jules Hardouin-Mansart]], French Baroque architect (d. [[1708]]) * [[April 20]] ** [[Giacinto Calandrucci]], Italian painter (d. [[1707]]) ** [[Charles Plumier]], French botanist (d. [[1704]]) * [[May 12]] – [[George IV, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau]] (1672–1678) (d. [[1678]]) * [[May 29]] – [[Isaac Johannes Lamotius]], Dutch Governor of Mauritius (d. [[1718]]) * [[June 5]] – [[Elena Cornaro Piscopia]], Venetian philosopher of noble descent (d. [[1684]]) * [[June 6]] – [[Hortense Mancini]], favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (d. [[1699]]) * [[June 21]] – [[Maria Francisca of Savoy]] (d. [[1683]]) * [[June 30]] – [[Paul Hermann (botanist)|Paul Hermann]], German botanist (d. [[1695]]) === July–September === * [[July 1]] – [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], German philosopher, scientist, and mathematician (d. [[1716]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Carty | first = Anthony | title = Morality and responsibility of rulers : European and Chinese origins of a rule of law as justice for world order | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | year = 2018 | isbn = 9780199670055 | page=226 | language=en}}</ref> * [[July 9]] – [[Zeger Bernhard van Espen]], Belgian jurist (d. [[1728]]) * [[July 15]] – [[Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]] (1675–1691) (d. [[1691]]) * [[July 20]] ** [[François Vaillant de Gueslis]], Jesuit missionary (d. [[1718]]) ** [[Eusèbe Renaudot]], French theologian and orientalist (d. [[1720]]) * [[July 24]] – [[Madeleine Boullogne]], French painter (d. [[1710]]) * [[July 29]] – [[Johann Theile]], German composer and organist (d. [[1724]]) * [[August 2]] ** [[Jean-Baptiste du Casse]], French admiral and buccaneer (d. [[1715]]) ** [[John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall]], Scottish jurist (d. [[1722]]) * [[August 8]] ** [[Godfrey Kneller]], German-born painter (d. [[1723]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Michael Morris|title=Sir Godfrey Kneller and His Times, 1646-1723: Being a Review of English Portraiture of the Period|publisher=Batsford|year=1948|page=1|language=en}}</ref> ** [[Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen]], Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (d. [[1709]]) * [[August 12]] – [[Louise Elisabeth of Courland]], Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (d. [[1690]]) * [[August 16]] – [[Juan Francisco de Padilla y San Martín]], Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Bishop of Puerto Rico (d. [[1700]]) * [[August 19]] – [[John Flamsteed]], British astronomer (d. [[1719]]) * [[August 24]] – [[Roger Boyle, 2nd Earl of Orrery]], Member of the Irish House of Commons (d. [[1682]]) * [[August 28]] – [[Tsugaru Nobumasa]], Japanese daimyō (d. [[1710]]) * [[September 16]] – [[Juan Romero de Figueroa]], Spanish priest (d. [[1720]]) === October–December === * [[October 3]] – [[Joseph Parrocel]], French Baroque painter (d. [[1704]]) * [[October 7]] – [[Charles Honoré d'Albert, duc de Luynes]], French noble (d. [[1712]]) * [[October 10]] – [[Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné]], French countess (d. [[1705]]) * [[November 8]] – [[Cresheld Draper]], English politician (d. [[1694]]) * [[November 9]] – [[John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater]], English politician (d. [[1701]]) * [[November 27]] – [[Edward Howard, 2nd Earl of Carlisle]], English politician (d. [[1692]]) * [[December 4]] – [[Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon]], Marshal of France in the reign of [[Louis XIV]] and Louis XV (d. [[1730]]) * [[December 26]] ** [[Robert Bolling]], wealthy early American settler, planter and merchant (d. [[1709]]) ** [[Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans]], French noble (d. [[1696]]) == Deaths == [[File:Stanisław Koniecpolski.PNG|thumb|right|110px|[[Stanisław Koniecpolski]]]] [[File:Erycius Puteanus by Anthony van Dyck.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Erycius Puteanus]]]] * [[January 3]] – [[Francesco Erizzo]], Doge of Venice (b. [[1566]]) * [[January 4]] – [[Gaspard III de Coligny]], Marshal of France (b. [[1584]]) * [[January 6]] – [[Elias Holl]], German architect (b. [[1573]]) * [[January 18]] – [[Hosokawa Tadaoki]], Japanese daimyō (b. [[1563]]) * [[February 4]] – [[Johannes Polyander]], Dutch theologian (b. [[1568]]) * [[March 11]] – [[Stanisław Koniecpolski]], Polish soldier and statesman (b. c. [[1592]]) * [[April 10]] – [[Santino Solari]], Swiss architect and sculptor (b. [[1576]]) * [[May 13]] – [[Maria Anna of Spain]] (b. [[1606]]) * [[June 14]] – [[Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé]], French admiral (b. [[1619]]) * [[June 23]] – [[Jakub Sobieski]], Polish noble (b. [[1590]]) * [[June 27]] – [[Achille d'Étampes de Valençay]], Knight of Malta (b. [[1593]]) * [[June 29]] ** [[Laughlin Ó Cellaigh]], Gaelic-Irish Lord ** [[Jan Reynst]], Dutch art collector (b. [[1601]]) * [[June 30]] – [[Philip Powell (martyr)|Philip Powell]], Welsh martyr (b. [[1594]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Downside Review, Volumes 47–48|publisher=Downside Abbey|year=1978|page=2|language=en}}</ref> * [[July 13]] – [[Roger de Saint-Lary de Termes]], French noble (b. [[1562]]) * [[July 25]] – [[Maria Caterina Farnese]], Duchess of Modena and Reggio (b. [[1615]]) * [[August 9]] – [[Margherita Aldobrandini]], Parmesan regent (b. [[1588]]) * [[August 19]] – [[Alexander Henderson (theologian)|Alexander Henderson]], Scottish theologian (b. c. [[1583]]) * [[September 1]] – [[Francis Windebank]], English statesman (b. [[1582]]) * [[September 9]] – [[Mu Zeng]], Chinese politician (b. [[1587]]) * [[September 11]] ** [[Antonio Marcello Barberini]], Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (b. [[1569]]) ** [[Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma]] and Piacenza (b. [[1612]]) * [[September 14]] – [[Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex]], English Civil War general (b. [[1591]])<ref>{{cite book|author= Vernon F. Snow|title=Essex the rebel; the life of Robert Devereux, the third Earl of Essex, 1591-1646|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1970|page=487|language=en}}</ref> * [[September 17]] – [[Erycius Puteanus]], Dutch humanist and philologist (b. [[1574]]) * [[September 24]] – [[Duarte Lobo]], Portuguese composer (b. c. [[1565]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul E. Eisler|title=World Chronology of Music History: 1594-1684|publisher=Oceana Publications|year=1972|page=316}}</ref> * [[October 3]] – [[Virgilio Mazzocchi]], Italian Baroque composer (b. [[1597]]) * [[October 4]] – [[Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel]], English statesman (b. [[1586]]) * [[October 9]] – [[Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias]] (b. [[1629]]) * [[October 12]] – [[François de Bassompierre]], Marshal of France (b. [[1579]]) * [[October 18]] – [[Isaac Jogues]], French Jesuit missionary (b. [[1607]]) * [[October 28]] – [[William Dobson]], English painter (b. [[1610]]) * [[November 4]] – [[Louis Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt]] (b. [[1581]]) * [[November 29]] – [[Laurentius Paulinus Gothus]], Swedish theologian and astronomer (b. [[1565]]) * [[December 22]] – [[Peter Mohyla]], Moldavian Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (b. [[1596]]) * [[December 26]] – [[Henri, Prince of Condé (1588–1646)|Henri, Prince of Condé]] (b. [[1588]]) * [[December 28]] – [[François Maynard]], French poet (b. [[1582]]) * ''date unknown'' – [[Lady Ann Cunningham]], Scottish noble and army leader (b. c. [[1580]]) == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1646}} [[Category:1646| ]]
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