Editing 1709 in science

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The year '''1709 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.

==Meteorology==
* January – [[Great Frost of 1709|Great Frost]] in [[Western Europe]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126942.100-1709-the-year-that-europe-froze.html?full=true|last=Pain|first=Stephanie|title=1709: the year that Europe froze|journal=[[New Scientist]]|date=7 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Luterbacher|first1=Jürg|last2=Dietrich|first2=Daniel|last3=Xoplaki|first3=Elena|last4=Grosjean|first4=Martin|last5=Wanner|first5=Heinz|year=2004|title=European Seasonal and Annual Temperature Variability, Trends, and Extremes Since 1500|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=303|issue=5663|pages=1499–1503|doi=10.1126/science.1093877|pmid=15001774|bibcode=2004Sci...303.1499L}}</ref>

==Physics==
* [[Francis Hauksbee]] publishes ''Physico-Mechanical Experiments on Various Subjects'', summarizing the results of his many experiments with [[electricity]] and other topics.

==Technology==
* January 10 – [[Industrial Revolution]]: [[Abraham Darby I]] successfully produces [[cast iron]] using [[coke (fuel)|coke fuel]] at his [[Coalbrookdale]] [[blast furnace]] in [[Shropshire]], England.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mott|first=R. A.|title=The earliest use of coke for ironmaking|journal=The Gas World, coking section supplement|volume=145|pages=7–18|date=5 January 1957}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Raistrick|title=Dynasty of Ironfounders: the Darbys and Coalbrookdale|location=London|publisher=Longmans, Green|year=1953|page=34}}</ref><ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/292 292]|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/292}}</ref>
* February 5 – Dramatist [[John Dennis (dramatist)|John Dennis]] devises the [[thundersheet]] as a new method of producing theatrical thunder for his tragedy ''[[Appius and Virginia (1709 play)|Appius and Virginia]]'' at the [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]], London.<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Nigel Rees|last=Rees|first=Nigel|title=Why Do We Say ...?|year=1987|isbn=0-7137-1944-3}}</ref>
* March 28 – [[Johann Friedrich Böttger]] reports the first production of [[hard-paste porcelain]] in Europe, at [[Dresden]].
* July 13 – [[Johann Maria Farina]] founds [[Farina gegenüber]], the first [[Eau de Cologne]] and perfume factory in [[Cologne]], Germany.
* August 8 – [[Hot air balloon]] of [[Bartholome de Gusmão]] flies in Portugal.
* A collapsible [[umbrella]] is introduced in Paris.<ref>{{cite web|title=The History of Umbrellas|url=http://www.oakthriftumbrellas.com/pages/umbrellas4.htm|publisher=Oakthrift Corporation|accessdate=2011-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902053708/http://www.oakthriftumbrellas.com/pages/umbrellas4.htm|archive-date=2013-09-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Awards==
* April 9 – [[Sir Godfrey Copley, 2nd Baronet]] dies and in his will provides funding to the [[Royal Society]] for the annual [[Copley Medal]] honoring achievement in science (first awarded in [[1731 in science|1731]]).

==Births==
* February 24 – [[Jacques de Vaucanson]], French engineer and inventor (died [[1782 in science|1782]])
* March 3 – [[Andreas Sigismund Marggraf]], German chemist (died 1782)
* March 10 – [[Georg Steller]], German naturalist (died [[1746 in science|1746]])
* April 17 – [[Giovanni Domenico Maraldi]], French-Italian astronomer (died [[1788 in science|1788]])
* July 11 – [[Johan Gottschalk Wallerius]], Swedish chemist and mineralogist (died [[1785 in science|1785]])
* August 8 – [[Johann Georg Gmelin]], German botanist (died [[1755 in science|1755]])
* November 23 – [[Julien Offray de La Mettrie]], French physician and philosopher (died [[1751 in science|1751]])

==Deaths==
* ''early'' – [[Eleanor Glanville]], English [[entomologist]] (born c. [[1654 in science|1654]])
* June 29 – [[Antoine Thomas]], Belgian Jesuit astronomer in China (born [[1644 in science|1644]])
* June 30 – [[Edward Lhuyd]], Welsh naturalist (born [[1660 in science|1660]])
* October 17 – [[François Mauriceau]], French [[obstetrician]] (born [[1637 in science|1637]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1709 in science| ]]
[[Category:18th century in science]]
[[Category:1700s in science]]