Editing 1729

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1729}}
{{Year nav|1729}}
[[File:Battle of Mihmandoost.gif|thumb|300px|[[September 29]]: The seven-day [[Battle of Damghan (1729)|Battle of Damghan]] starts.]]
{{Year article header|1729}}
{{C18 year in topic}}


== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[Frederick, Prince of Wales|Frederick]], the eldest son of King [[George II of Great Britain]] is made [[Prince of Wales]] at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in [[Hanover]]. For 23 years, Frederick is heir apparent to the British throne, but dies of a lung injury in [[1751]].
* [[January 19]] &ndash; At the age of 14, [[Joseph I of Portugal|Joseph]] (José), [[Prince of Brazil]], son of King [[John V of Portugal]], is married to the 10-year-old Princess [[Mariana Victoria of Spain]], eldest daughter of King [[Philip V of Spain]]. In 1750, the couple become King Joseph I and Queen Consort Mariana Victoria of Spain.
* [[February 14]] &ndash; King [[Philip V of Spain]] issues a royal ''[[Real cédula|cedula]]'', directing an effort to offer incentives to families from the [[Canary Islands]] for settlements in New Spain north of the [[Rio Grande]] in the modern-day U.S. state of [[Texas]]<ref>Gilbert R. Cruz, ''Let There Be Towns: Spanish Municipal Origins in the American Southwest, 1610-1810'' (Texas A&M University Press, 1996) p60</ref> (→ [[Canarian Americans]]).
* [[February 24]] (February 13 O.S.) &ndash; In the city of [[Resht]] in [[Persia]], Russian and Afghani leaders sign a peace treaty, with General Vasily Levashev for Russia and Muhammad Saidal Khan for Afghanistan.<ref>Martin Sicker, ''The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire'' (Greenwood Press, 2001) p57</ref>
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[James Oglethorpe]], a member of the British House of Commons, begins service as the [[United Kingdom insolvency law#History|Chairman of the Gaols Committee]] to investigate the conditions of Britain's jails and prisons after the death in [[Fleet Prison]] of his friend, Robert Castell.  The Oglethorpe Committee's report propels Oglethorpe to fame and leads to the beginning of British penal reforms.<ref>Thomas D. Wilson, ''The Oglethorpe Plan: Enlightenment Design in Savannah and Beyond'' (University of Virginia Press, 2015)</ref> 
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Abdallah of Morocco]] becomes the new [[Sultan of Morocco]] upon the death of his half-brother, [[Abu'l Abbas Ahmad of Morocco|Abu'l Abbas Ahmad]]. Sultan Abdallah reigns for five years before being deposed for the first time, then returns to the throne five more times between 1736 and 1757.
* [[March 19]] &ndash; [[John of Nepomuk]] (Jan Nepomucký) of [[Bohemia]] is canonized by [[Pope Benedict XIII]] more than 300 years after being tortured and drowned in 1393 by order of King Wenceslaus IV; John becomes patron saint of Roman Catholics in the [[Czech Republic]].
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s ''[[First Köthen Funeral music]]'' premieres at [[St. Jakob, Köthen]], in honor of the funeral of his former employer [[Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen]]. The next morning, Bach's funeral cantata [[Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt, BWV 244a|''Klagt, Kinder, klagt es aller Welt'', BWV 244a]] premieres at St. Jakob, marking the same occasion.

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Franklin]], aged 23, writes the essay "A Modest Enquiry Into the Nature and Necessity of Paper Currency" and later applies the economic principles to backing of paper money used in the United States.<ref>Lester C. Olson, ''Benjamin Franklin's Vision of American Community: A Study in Rhetorical Iconology'' (University of South Carolina Press, 2004) p117</ref>
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s ''[[St Matthew Passion]]'', BWV 244b is performed again, at [[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig]].<ref>Mark A. Peters, ''Compositional Choices and Meaning in the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach'' (Lexington Books, 2018) p168</ref>
* [[April 26]] &ndash; For the first time in its history, the [[House of Commons of Great Britain|British House of Commons]] is adjourned for lack of a [[quorum]]. On January 5, [[1640]], it had first fixed the number of members necessary — 40 — for parliamentary business to be transacted.<ref>Thomas Francis Moran, ''The Theory and Practice of the English Government'' (Longmans, Green, and Company, 1903) pp 264-265</ref>
* [[May 8]] &ndash; A fire breaks out inside the fully walled town of [[Haiger]] within the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (in the modern-day state of Hesse in Germany) and destroys all the buildings. 
* [[May 12]] &ndash; Six English pirates, including [[Mary Critchett]], seize control of the sloop ''John and Elizabeth'' while being transported to America to complete their criminal sentences. They overpower their captors but are later captured in [[Chesapeake Bay]] by HMS ''Shoreham'' and hanged in August.  
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Caroline of Ansbach|Caroline, Queen Consort]] becomes the first person to rule Great Britain as regent under the [[Regency Acts]], beginning service as the acting monarch when her husband [[George II of Great Britain|King George II]] departs Britain for Germany, where he is the [[Elector of Hanover]]. Caroline rules until George's return in October.<ref>"Regents (England and France)", in ''The Manual of Dates, A Dictionary of Reference to All the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records'', by George H. Townsend (Frederick Warne & Company, 1877) p805</ref>
* [[June 1]] &ndash; [[Diederik Durven]] becomes the new [[List of Governors of the Dutch East Indies|Governor-General]] of the [[Dutch East Indies]] (modern-day Indonesia) upon the death of [[Mattheus de Haan]]. 
* [[June 8]] &ndash; The [[Botanic Gardens of Pamplemousses]], one of the most popular tourist attractions on the island republic of [[Mauritius]], are started by Pierre Barmond, who sets aside thousands of acres for the purpose of preservation of the islands flora. The gardens come to occupy 97 square miles or 251 square kilometers.

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 25]] &ndash; Seven of the original eight [[Lords Proprietor]] of the [[Province of Carolina]] sell their shares back to the British crown. The 1710 division of the Province is made permanent and the area is reorganized into the Royal Colonies of [[North Carolina]] and [[South Carolina]].
* [[July 27]] &ndash; A fire that breaks out on this day in [[Constantinople]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Kenan|last=Yıldız|title=Istanbul Fires During the Ottoman Period|work=History of Istanbul|url=https://istanbultarihi.ist/393-istanbul-fires-during-the-ottoman-period-and-their-effect-on-the-citys-topography|accessdate=2021-04-30}}</ref> destroys 12,000 houses and kills 7,000 inhabitants.
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Baltimore, Maryland]] is founded.
* [[August 1]] &ndash; The [[Comet of 1729]], possibly the largest [[comet]] based on the [[absolute magnitude]], on record, is discovered by Fr. [[Nicolas Sarrabat]], a professor of mathematics at [[Marseille]].
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Damghan (1729)|Battle of Damghan]] begins as the Persian Safavid Army, commanded by General [[Nader Shah|Nader Khan Afshar]] confronts a larger force of rebel Afghan troops commanded by the Emir [[Ashraf Hotak]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 5]] &ndash; After seven days of battle, the Persians under Nader Khan Afshar make a daring attack through the center of the Emir Ashraf's battalions, killing 12,000 of the Afghans and forcing the remainder to flee, bringing an end to the Battle of Damghan. 
* [[November 9]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Seville (1729)|Treaty of Seville]] is signed between [[Great Britain]], [[France]], [[Spain]] and the [[Dutch Republic]].<ref name="Pocket Date Book">{{cite book|title=The Pocket Date Book|url=https://archive.org/details/pocketdatebooko00categoog|publisher=Chapman and Hall|author=William L. R. Cates|author-link=William L. R. Cates|year=1863}}</ref>
* [[November 29]] 
**The [[Natchez revolt]], the worst Native American massacre to take place on [[Mississippi]] soil, occurs when [[Natchez people]] kill 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at [[Fort Rosalie]] (near modern-day [[Natchez, Mississippi]]).
** The first (wooden) [[Putney Bridge]] is completed, as the only fixed crossing of the [[River Thames]] between [[London Bridge]] and [[Kingston Bridge, London|Kingston]], England.
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[George Frideric Handel]]'s famous opera ''[[Lotario (Handel)|Lotario]]'' is given its first performance, premiering at the King's Theatre in London.
* [[December 12]] &ndash; Under the pretense of a peace offering, the [[Yazoo people|Yazoo]] and [[Koroa]] warriors enter the French settlement at [[Fort St. Pierre Site|Fort St. Pierre]] (near modern-day [[Vicksburg, Mississippi]]) and kill most of the inhabitants.<ref>George Edward Milne, ''Natchez Country: Indians, Colonists, and the Landscapes of Race in French Louisiana'' (University of Georgia Press, 2015) p185</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* The third oldest settlement in [[Mississippi]], [[Port Gibson, Mississippi|Port Gibson]], is founded by French settlers.
* [[Jonathan Swift]] (anonymously) publishes his satire ''[[A Modest Proposal]]''.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref>

== Births ==
* [[January 12]]
** [[Lazzaro Spallanzani]], Italian biologist (d. [[1799]])
** [[Edmund Burke]], Irish statesman and philosopher (d. [[1797]])
[[File:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing.PNG|thumb|right|110px|[[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]]]]
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Gotthold Ephraim Lessing]], German author and philosopher (d. [[1781]]) 
[[File:Chydenius.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Anders Chydenius]]]]
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Anders Chydenius]], Finnish economist, liberal politician and Lutheran priest (d. [[1803]])<ref>{{cite web|last=Pelo|first=June|title=Anders Chydenius|access-date=2020-12-09|url=http://sydaby.eget.net/swe/jp_chydenius.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030084557/http://sydaby.eget.net/swe/jp_chydenius.htm|archive-date=2007-10-30|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Profile portrait of Catherine II by Fedor Rokotov (1763, Tretyakov gallery).jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Catherine the Great|Catherine II]] of Russia]]
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Catherine the Great]], born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, empress regnant of Russia (d. [[1796]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Catherine the Great {{!}} Biography, Facts, & Accomplishments |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Catherine-the-Great |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=22 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[George Leonard (Congressman)|George Leonard]], American lawyer, jurist and politician (d. [[1819]])
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe]], British general (d. [[1814]])
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Moses Mendelssohn]], German-Jewish philosopher (d. [[1786]])
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Mikiel'Ang Grima]], [[Maltese people|Maltese]] [[Surgery|surgeon]] (d. [[1798]])
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Sarah Crosby]], English [[Methodism|Methodist]] preacher, the first female (d. 1804)
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain]], Queen consort of Sardinia (d. [[1785]])
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[Josiah Bartlett]], second signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence]] (d. [[1795]])
* [[November 12]] &ndash; [[Louis Antoine de Bougainville]], French navigator and military commander (d. [[1811]])
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Helena Dorothea von Schönberg]], German industrialist (d. [[1799]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Alexander Suvorov]], Russian general (d. [[1800]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[David Barclay of Youngsbury]], English merchant, businessman and banker (d. [[1809]])
** [[Samuel Barrington]], British admiral (d. [[1800]])
** [[Mary Woffington]], Irish socialite (d. [[1811]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Highfill |first1=Philip H. |last2=Burnim |first2=Kalman A. |last3=Langhans |first3=Edward A. |title=A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers and Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660-1800 |date=1993 |publisher=[[Southern Illinois University Press]] |location=Carbondale |isbn=978-0-8093-1803-2 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015026964307&seq=237 |language=en |volume=16 |page=225}}</ref>

== Deaths ==
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Thomas of Cori]], Italian Friar Minor and preacher (b. [[1655]])
* [[January 19]] 
** [[William Congreve]], English playwright (b. [[1670]])<ref>{{cite web |title=William Congreve {{!}} English dramatist |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Congreve |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=23 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Lorenzo Cozza]], Italian Catholic cardinal (b. [[1654]])
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Lothar Franz von Schönborn]], Archbishop of Mainz (b. [[1655]])
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Jacob Roggeveen]], Dutch explorer (b. [[1659]])
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Solomon Stoddard]], pastor of the Congregationalist Church in Northampton, Massachusetts (b. [[1643]])
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]] (b. [[1658]])
* [[March 2]] &ndash; [[Francesco Bianchini]], Italian philosopher, scientist (b. [[1662]])
* [[March 6]] &ndash; [[Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Swillington]], British politician (b. [[1663]])
* [[March 15]] &ndash; [[Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen (b. [[1658]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Michael Bernhard Valentini]], German naturalist (b. [[1657]])
* [[March 21]]
** [[John Law (economist)|John Law]], Scottish-born economist (b. [[1671]])
** [[Elżbieta Sieniawska]], politically influential Polish magnate (b. [[1669]]) 
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Simon de la Loubère]], French diplomat (b. [[1642]])
* [[April 12]] &ndash; [[Louis-Guillaume Pécour]], French dancer and choreographer (b. [[1653]])
* [[May 4]] &ndash; [[Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles]], French bishop (b. [[1651]])
[[File:Rev Samuel Clarke.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Samuel Clarke]]]]
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Samuel Clarke]], English philosopher (b. [[1675]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Medallic Illustrations of the History of Great Britain and Ireland to the Death of George II.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1TdKAQAAMAAJ|year=1911|publisher=Trustees of the British Museum|page=2}}</ref>
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Sir John Delaval, 3rd Baronet]], English politician (b. [[1654]])
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[John Williams (New England minister)|John Williams]], American clergy (b. [[1664]])
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre]], French harpsichordist and composer (b. [[1665]])
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Johann David Heinichen]], German composer (b. [[1683]])
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet]], British politician (b. [[1644]])
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Thomas Newcomen]], English inventor (b. [[1663]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[John Blackadder (soldier)|John Blackadder]], Scottish soldier (b. [[1664]])
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Richard Steele]], Irish writer and politician (b. [[1672]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/wa-9435-parish-church-of-st-peter-carmarthen#.VocGe09RSx1 |title=Parish Church of St Peter, Carmarthen |publisher=BritishListedBuildings |access-date=24 September 2018}}</ref>
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Jean Hardouin]], French scholar (b. [[1646]])
* [[September 7]] &ndash; [[William Burnet (colonial administrator)|William Burnet]], British Governor of New York and New Jersey (b. [[1688]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Richard Blackmore]], English physician and writer (b. [[1654]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Albert Rosenberg|title=Sir Richard Blackmore: A Poet and Physician of the Augustan Age|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1953|pages=158–160}}</ref>
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Johann Heinrich Ernesti]], German philosopher, theologian (b. [[1652]])
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[William Conolly]], Irish politician (b. [[1662]])
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Joshua Oldfield]], English Presbyterian divine (b. [[1656]])
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[John Benedict]], Connecticut politician and deacon (b. [[1649]])
* [[December]] &ndash; [[Doamna Marica Brâncoveanu]], princess consort of [[Wallachia]] (b. [[1661]])
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Giacomo F. Maraldi]], French-Italian astronomer (b. [[1665]])
* [[December 13]] &ndash; [[Anthony Collins (philosopher)|Anthony Collins]], English philosopher (b. [[1676]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Charles Bradlaugh|title=Half-hours with the Freethinkers|publisher=J. Watts|year=1956|page=46}}</ref>
* [[December 22]] &ndash; [[Michel Baron]], French actor (b. [[1653]])
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Honoré Tournély]], French theologian (b. [[1658]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=John McClintock|author2=James Strong|title=Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature|publisher=Harper & Brothers|year=1889|page=500}}</ref>
* [[December 27]] &ndash; [[Olimpia Giustiniani]], Italian noblewoman (b. [[1641]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; [[Anastasia Markovych]], Ukrainian Hetmana

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Blair's Chronological Tables |author1=John Blair |author-link=John Blair (priest) |author2=J. Willoughby Rosse|location= London |publisher=[[Henry George Bohn|H.G. Bohn]] |year=1856 |via=Hathi Trust |chapter-url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=658 |chapter= 1729 |hdl=2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6349vh5n?urlappend=%3Bseq=658 }}

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