Editing 1737

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1737}}
{{Year nav|1737}}
[[File:Siege of Ochakov (1737).jpg|300px|thumb|[[June 30]]: Russians take 4,000 Ottoman defenders prisoner in conquest of [[Ochakiv]].]]
{{C18 year in topic}}
[[File:Red Fort Delhi 1785.jpg|thumb|300px|[[March 28]]: Battle of Delhi]]
{{Year article header|1737}}

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Spain]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] sign instruments of cession at [[Pontremoli]] in the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany]] in Italy, with the Empire receiving control of Tuscany and the [[Grand Duchy of Parma and Piacenza]], in return for [[Charles III of Spain|Don Carlos of Spain]] being recognized as King of Naples and King of Sicily.<ref>{{cite book|first=W. N.|last=Hargreaves-Mawdsley|title=Eighteenth-Century Spain 1700–1788: A Political, Diplomatic and Institutional History|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London|year=1979}}</ref>
* [[January 9]] &ndash; The Empires of [[Austria]] and [[Russia]] enter into a secret military alliance that leads to Austria's disastrous entry into the Russo-Turkish War.<ref>{{cite book|first=Arthur|last=Hassall|title=The Balance of Power, 1715-1789|publisher=Macmillan|location=New York|year=1907|page=119}}</ref>
* [[January 18]] &ndash; In [[Manila]], a peace treaty is signed between Spain's [[Governor-General of the Philippines]], Fernándo Valdés y Tamon, and the Sultan [[Azim ud-Din I of Sulu]], recognizing Azim's authority over the islands of the [[Sulu Archipelago]].<ref>''Historical Calendar'' (Philippine National Historical Commission, 1970), p11</ref><ref>[https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/889/today-in-philippine-history-january-18-1737-a-peace-treaty-was-signed-between-the-governor-general-the-sultan-of-sulu "Today in Philippine History"], The Kahimyang Project.</ref>
* [[February 20]] &ndash; [[France]]'s Foreign Minister, [[Germain Louis Chauvelin]], is dismissed by King [[Louis XV]]'s Chief Minister, Cardinal [[André-Hercule de Fleury]]
* [[February 27]] &ndash; French scientists [[Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau]] and [[Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon]] publish the first study correlating past weather conditions with an examination of [[Dendrochronology#Growth rings|tree rings]].<ref>"On the cause of the eccentricity of the woody layers which one perceives when one cuts horizontally the trunk of a tree" (''De la cause de l'excentricité des couches ligneuses qu'on apperçoit quand on coupe horisontalement le tronc d'un arbre'').</ref>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; In [[Paris]], representatives of [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] sign an armistice bringing an end to the [[Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737)|Spanish–Portuguese War]] over the area now occupied by the nation of [[Uruguay]] and the area now occupied by the state of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] in [[Brazil]].  The news does not reach the fighting parties until five months later.<ref name=Marley>{{cite book|first=David|last=Marley|title=Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present|location=Santa Barbara|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=1998|page=250}}</ref>
* [[March 28]] &ndash; The Battle of Delhi takes place between the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 5]] &ndash; French Jesuit priest Jean-François Régis is canonized as [[John Francis Regis|Saint Regis]] by the Roman Catholic Church under the reign of [[Pope Clement XII]].
* [[April 22]]
**In Afghanistan, Persian shah [[Nader Shah]] begins the 11-month [[Siege of Kandahar]] against the Pashtun Emir of Afghanistan, [[Hussain Hotak]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.uob.edu.pk/journals/jehr/Journals/JEHR%20volume%205%20,%201%202018.pdf|title=Mir Naseer khan Noori, A great Baloch ruler (his victories and policies towards Balochistan)|first1=Shazia|last1=Jaffar|first2=Khalid|last2=Raza|journal=Journal of Education and Humanities Research|year=2018|page=279|access-date=July 28, 2020|archive-date=July 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728022426/http://www.uob.edu.pk/journals/jehr/Journals/JEHR%20volume%205%20,%201%202018.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The surviving Afghanis surrender on March 24, 1738.
**Lots are first advertised for sale in the new town of [[Richmond, Virginia]], by the placement of a notice by William Byrd in the ''Virginia Gazette''.  According to the paper, "... on the North Side of [[James River]], near the Uppermost Landing, and a little below the Falls, is lately laid off by Major Mayo, a Town, called Richmond, with Streets 65 Feet wide, in a pleasant and healthy Situation, and well supply'd with Springs of good Water. It lies near the Publick Warehouse at Shoccoe's, and in the midst of great Quantities of Grain, and all kind of Provisions. The Lots will be granted in Fee Simple, on Condition only of building a House in Three Years Time, of 24 by 16 Feet, fronting within 5 Feet of the Street. The Lots to be rated according to the Convenience of their Situation, and to be sold after this April General Court, by me, William Byrd."<ref>[https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Advertisement_for_the_Founding_of_Richmond_1737 "Advertisement for the Founding of Richmond (1737)"], online Encyclopedia of Virginia</ref> 
* [[May 28]] &ndash; The [[planet]] [[Venus]] passes in front of [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]. The event is witnessed during the evening hours, by the amateur [[astronomer]] [[John Bevis]], at the [[Royal Greenwich Observatory]]. As of [[2006]], it is still the only such planet/planet occultation that has been directly observed.
* [[June 21]] &ndash; In [[Great Britain|Britain]], the [[Licensing Act 1737|Theatrical Licensing Act]] requires plays to be submitted to the [[Lord Chamberlain]] for [[censorship]].
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739]]: [[Russians|Russian]] forces under [[Field Marshal]] [[Munnich]] storm the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[fortress]] of [[Ochakov]], and take prisoner 4,000 [[Ottoman Turks|Turks]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The direct male line of the [[Medici]] family becomes extinct, with the death of [[Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]].
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[Austria]] enters the [[Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)|Russo-Turkish War]] as an ally of Russia against the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Mahmud Khan I|title=The Sultans of the Ottoman Empire|first=Dr. Raşit|last=Gundogdu|publisher=Rumuz Publishing|year=2020|page=163}}</ref>
* [[July 17]] &ndash; The British ship ''Catherine'' founders in a storm off of [[Nova Scotia]]'s [[Cape Sable Island]] during its voyage from Ireland to [[Boston]], killing 98 of the 201 people on board.
* [[August 4]] &ndash; Austria's army is defeated by the Ottoman Army and Bosnian defenders in the [[Battle of Banja Luka]].
* [[August 15]] &ndash; The Portuguese frigate ''Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem'' arrives at [[Maldonado, Uruguay|Maldonado]] (now in [[Uruguay]]) as Captain Duarte Pereira brings the news that the [[Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–1737)|Spanish–Portuguese War]] ended by an agreement signed on March 16.<ref name=Marley/>
* [[September 1]] &ndash; The oldest existing [[English language]] [[newspaper]] in the world, ''[[The News Letter]]'', is founded in [[Belfast]], Ireland.
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Running|Runner]] Edward Marshall completes his journey in the [[Walking Purchase]], forcing the cession of {{convert|1200000|acre|km2}} of [[Lenape|Lenape-Delaware]] tribal land to the [[Province of Pennsylvania]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 7]] &ndash; At least 300,000 people are killed when a [[1737 Calcutta Cyclone|tropical cyclone]] strikes the [[Bay of Bengal]] in [[India]] and modern-day [[Bangladesh]]. The storm sends {{convert|12|m|abbr=on}} high waves over the [[Sundarbans]] delta, and overflows the [[Hooghly River]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Davis, Lee|series=Facts on File Science Library|title=Natural Disasters|publisher=Facts On File, Inc|year=2004|page=241}}</ref>
* [[October 11]] &ndash; The first national stage in [[Sweden]] opens, when [[Carl Gyllenborg]]'s play ''Den svenska sprätthöken'' is performed in the [[Swedish language]], by the first native actors, on the stage of ''[[Bollhuset]]'' in [[Stockholm]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Warme, Lars G.|title=A History of Swedish Literature|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|year=1996|page=114}}</ref>
* [[October 16]] &ndash; An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 9.3 occurs off the shore of [[Russia]]'s [[Kamchatka Peninsula]]. Tsunamis up to {{convert|60|m|ft}} high follow in the Pacific ocean.<ref>[http://www.fathom.com/feature/122490/ Tsunami: Where they Happen and Why] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121090008/http://www.fathom.com/feature/122490 |date=November 21, 2008 }}- Fathom</ref>
* [[November 4]] &ndash; The ''[[Teatro di San Carlo]]'', the oldest working [[opera house]] in [[Europe]], is inaugurated in [[Naples|Naples, Italy]].
* [[December 24]] &ndash; General [[Baji Rao I]] of the [[Maratha Empire]] in India defeats the armies of the rulers of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], [[Oudh State|Oudh]], [[Bhopal State|Bhopal]] and [[Jaipur State|Jaipur]] in the [[Battle of Bhopal]].
* December &ndash; [[John Wesley]] leaves [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], [[Province of Georgia|Georgia]], and returns to England.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Benjamin Franklin]] creates the [[Philadelphia]] Police Force &ndash; the first city-paid force.
* The [[Georg August University of Göttingen]] in Lower Saxony is opened to students.
* [[Our Lady of Guadalupe]] is designated the patron saint of [[Mexico City]].
* [[Lancaster County Prison]], [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]] is first constructed, in response to the seven preceding violent years of the ongoing [[Cresap's War]] in the [[Province of Maryland|Maryland]]-[[province of Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] boundary dispute and war.</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [[January 4]] &ndash; [[Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau]], French chemist, politician (d. [[1816]])
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[John Hancock]], American politician and revolutionary (d. [[1793]])
[[File:Portrait of Thomas Paine.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Thomas Paine]]]]
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Thomas Paine]], British-born American patriot and pamphleteer (d. [[1809]])
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus]], Aromanian physician and noble (d. [[1828]])<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvtJAAAAcAAJ|title=Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich: Nabielak – Odelga|first=Constantin von|last=Wurzbach|author-link=Constantin von Wurzbach|series=[[Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich]]|volume=20|page=316|year=1869|language=de}}</ref>
* [[March 23]] &ndash; [[Arthur St. Clair]], American soldier and politician (d. [[1818]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Edward Gibbon]], English historian and politician (d. [[1794]])
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne]], [[Prime Minister of Great Britain]] (d. [[1805]])<ref>{{cite web |title=History of William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/william-petty-2nd-earl-of-shelburne |website=www.gov.uk |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 20]] &ndash; [[Tokugawa Ieharu]], Japanese shōgun (d. [[1786]])
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Johann Friedrich Struensee]], Danish royal physician (d. [[1772]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Charles Hutton]], English mathematician (d. [[1823]])
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[John Hunter (Royal Navy officer)|John Hunter]], second governor of New South Wales (d. [[1821]])
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Luigi Galvani]], Italian physician and physicist (d. [[1798]])
* [[September 14]] &ndash; [[Michael Haydn]], Austrian composer (d. [[1806]])
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[Miklós Küzmics]], [[Hungarian Slovenes]] writer, Catholic priest (d. [[1804]])
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Charles Carroll of Carrollton]], only [[Roman Catholic]] signer of the American Declaration of Independence (d. [[1832]])
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Prince Josias of Coburg]], Austrian general (d. [[1815]])
* ''date unknown'' &ndash; 
** [[Frances Abington]], English actress (d. [[1815]])
** [[Gelelemend]], Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. [[1811]])

== Deaths ==
* [[January 24]] &ndash; [[William Wake]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (b. [[1657]])
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney]], British soldier (b. [[1666]])
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot of Hensol]], [[Lord Chancellor|Lord Chancellor of Great Britain]] (b. [[1685]])
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg]], regent of the Kingdom of Serbia   (1720–1733) (b. [[1684]])
* [[March 16]] &ndash; [[Benjamin Wadsworth (clergyman)|Benjamin Wadsworth]], American President of Harvard University (b. [[1670]])
* [[March 26]] &ndash; [[Vakhtang VI of Kartli]], king of the [[Kingdom of Kartli]] under the [[Bagrationi dynasty]] (b. [[1675]])
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[James Johnston (Secretary of State)]], diplomat, Secretary of State for Scotland (b. [[1655]])
* [[May 4]] 
** [[Eustace Budgell]], English writer (b. [[1686]])
** [[Ferdinand Kettler]], [[Duke of Courland and Semigallia]] (b. [[1655]])
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Emperor Nakamikado]] of Japan (b. [[1702]])
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Claude Buffier]], French philosopher and historian (b. [[1661]])
* [[June 6]] &ndash; [[Pierre Joseph Garidel]], French botanist (b. [[1658]])
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Henri-Pons de Thiard de Bissy]], French Catholic priest, bishop and cardinal (b. [[1657]])
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (b. [[1671]])
* [[July 26]] &ndash; [[Johan Cronman]], Swedish general (b. [[1662]])
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Maria Maddalena Martinengo]], Italian nun (b. [[1687]]) 
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester]], English privy councillor (b. [[1680]])
* [[October 12]] &ndash; [[François Catrou]], French historian and Jesuit priest (b. [[1659]])
* [[October 26]] &ndash; [[Rinaldo d'Este (1655–1737)|Rinaldo d'Este]], Duke of Modena (b. [[1655]])
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Claude de Visdelou]], French missionary (b. [[1656]])
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Caroline of Ansbach]], queen of [[George II of Great Britain]] (b. [[1683]])
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[John Strype]], [[England|English]] historian and biographer (b. [[1643]])
[[File:Antonio_Stradivari_portrait.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Antonio Stradivari]]]]
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Antonio Stradivari]], Italian luthier (b. [[1644]])
* [[December 19]] &ndash; [[James Sobieski]], Crown Prince of Poland (b. [[1667]])
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Alessandro Galilei]], Italian architect, mathematician (b. [[1691]])
* [[December 27]] 
** [[William Bowyer (1663–1737)|William Bowyer]], English printer (b. [[1663]])
** [[Victor-Marie d'Estrées]], [[Marshal of France]] (b. [[1660]])
* Date unknown &ndash; [[Sally Mapp]], English lay bonesetter

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20416 The Annual Catalogue] &ndash; List of History, Divinity, Law, Poetry, Plays, Novels, Painting, Architecture, and all other Sciences books published in London in 1737

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[[Category:1737| ]]