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1741 in science
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> {{Year nav topic5|1741|science}} {{Science year nav|1741}} The year '''1741 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events. ==Astronomy== * August 29 β [[Pluto]] (not known at the time) reached [[perihelion]] (closest approach to the Sun). * December 11 β a "Fire-ball" and explosion heard over southern England, about 11 a.m. "a countryman ... saw a flash of Lightning Before he heard the Noise ... The sound was double ... a Ball of Fire ... took its Course to the East ... over Westminster ... it divided into Two Heads [and] left a Train of Smoke ... which continued ascending for 20 minutes".<ref>''[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]''.</ref> The description is reminiscent of the [[Chelyabinsk meteor]] of 2013. * [[Anders Celsius]] establishes the [[Uppsala Astronomical Observatory]]. * [[Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin]] publishes his first paper on the [[moons of Jupiter]], in the ''Acta'' of the [[Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala]]. * [[Edmund Weaver (astronomer)|Edmund Weaver]] publishes ''The British Telescope: Being an [[Ephemeris]] of the Coelestial Motions''. [[Image:UppsalaCelsiusObservatory Busser.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Uppsala Astronomical Observatory]] from a contemporary engraving.]] ==Botany== * [[Johann Jacob Dillenius]] publishes ''Historia Muscorum'', a significant work on [[cryptogam]]s. ==Exploration== * May β [[Vitus Bering]] sets out from [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]] to map the coasts of [[Siberia]] and [[Alaska]]. * July 15 β [[Alexei Chirikov]] sights land in [[Southeast Alaska]]. He sends some men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit [[Alaska]]. ==Medicine== * [[Nicolas Andry]] publishes ''OrthopΓ©die'', giving a name to the discipline of [[orthopedics]]. ==Metrology== * December 25 β [[Anders Celsius]] proposes a centigrade [[temperature]] scale. ==Zoology== * July 20 β [[Georg Wilhelm Steller]], [[physician]] on Beringβs [[Second Kamchatka Expedition]], becomes the first European [[naturalist]] to set foot on [[Alaska]]n soil ([[Kayak Island]]), identifying many species for the first time, including [[Steller's jay]]. On the return voyage he discovers [[Steller's sea cow]] (extinct by 1768).<ref>{{cite web|title=Steller's SeaCow |url=http://www.sirenian.org/stellers.html |work=Sirenian International |year=2005 |accessdate=2011-12-02 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528200029/http://www.sirenian.org/stellers.html |archivedate=2011-05-28 }}</ref> ==Awards== * [[Copley Medal]]: [[John Theophilus Desaguliers]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ==Births== * January 20 β [[Carl Linnaeus the Younger]], [[Swedes|Swedish]] [[naturalist]] (died [[1783 in science|1783]]) * March 17 β [[William Withering]], [[English people|English]] [[botanist]], [[geologist]], [[chemist]] and [[physician]] who discovered [[digitalis]] (died [[1799 in science|1799]]) * September 22 β [[Peter Simon Pallas]], [[German people|German]] [[zoologist]] (died [[1811 in science|1811]]) * ''probable date'' β [[Bryan Higgins]], [[Ireland|Irish]]-born [[chemist]] (died [[1818 in science|1818]]) ==Deaths== * May 16 β [[Jacob Christoph Le Blon]], German inventor of [[four-colour printing]] (born [[1667 in science|1667]]) * December 19 β [[Vitus Bering]], Danish-born Russian [[explorer]] (born [[1681 in science|1681]]) (on [[Bering Island]]) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:1741 in science| ]] [[Category:18th century in science]] [[Category:1740s in science]]
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