Editing 1755 in science

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The year '''1755 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.

==Astronomy==
* [[Immanuel Kant]] develops the [[nebular hypothesis]] in his ''[[Universal Natural History and Theory of Heaven]]'' (''Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels'').<ref>{{cite journal|last=Woolfson |first=Michael Mark |author-link=Michael Woolfson |title=Solar System – its origin and evolution|journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=34|pages=1–20|year=1993|bibcode=1993QJRAS..34....1W}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Stephen|last=Palmquist|authorlink=Stephen Palmquist|title=Kant's Cosmogony Re-Evaluated|journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Science|volume=18|year=1987|issue=3|pages=255–269|doi=10.1016/0039-3681(87)90021-5|bibcode=1987SHPS...18..255P|url=https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/hkbu_staff_publication/7061}}</ref>

==Chemistry==
* June – [[Joseph Black]]'s discovery of [[carbon dioxide]] ("fixed air") and [[magnesium]] is communicated in a paper to the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh|Philosophical Society of Edinburgh]].<ref>"Experiments upon Magnesia Alba, Quicklime, and Some Other Alcaline Substances", published 1756.</ref>

==Earth sciences==
* November 1 – An [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|earthquake in Lisbon]] kills 30,000 inhabitants.
* Publication of ''De Litteraria expeditione per pontificiam ditionem ad dimetiendos duos meridiani gradus a PP'', a description of the measurement of a [[meridian arc]] carried out in the [[Papal States]] by [[Ruđer Bošković]] with [[Christopher Maire]] in 1750–52.

==Life sciences==
* [[August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof]] publishes the first record of an [[amoeba]]; he names it "der kleine Proteus" ("the little Proteus").<ref>{{cite book|last=Rosenhof|first=R.|year=1755|title=Monatlich herausgegebene Insekten-Belustigungen|volume=3|page=621|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9JCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA621|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713174920/https://books.google.com/books?id=q9JCAQAAMAAJ&hl=&pg=PA621|archive-date=2015-07-13|via=Wayback Machine|accessdate=2024-08-23}}.</ref>

==Mathematics==
* [[Leonhard Euler]]'s ''[[Institutiones calculi differentialis]]'' is published.<ref>{{cite book|first=W. W. Rouse|last=Ball|year=1888|authorlink=W. W. Rouse Ball|title=A Short Account of the History of Mathematics|location=London|publisher=Macmillan|page=368}}</ref>

==Technology==
[[Image:Plymouth-England-Eddystone-Lighthouse-2-wooden-1709-1755-free.gif|thumb|190px|right|December 2: Fire burns second [[Eddystone Lighthouse]], [[John Rudyard|Rudyerd]]'s wooden cone of 1709.]]
* December 2 – The second [[Eddystone Lighthouse]] (1709–1755), with a wooden cone, catches fire and burns to the ground; it will be rebuilt in stone.
* While serving as Postmaster General of the northern American colonies, [[Benjamin Franklin]] invents a simple [[odometer]], attached to his horse carriage, to help analyze the best routes for delivering the mail.
* ''approx. date'' – [[Thomas Mudge (horologist)|Thomas Mudge]] invents the [[lever escapement]] for timepieces.

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[John Huxham]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* January 28 – [[Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring]], [[Prussia]]n [[physician]], [[anatomist]], [[paleontologist]] and [[inventor]] (died [[1830 in science|1830]]).
* April 11 – [[James Parkinson]], [[English people|English]] [[surgeon]] (died [[1824 in science|1824]]).
* June 15 – [[Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy|Antoine François]], [[French people|French]] [[chemist]] (died [[1809 in science|1809]])
* October 11 – [[Fausto Elhuyar]], [[Spanish people|Spanish]] chemist (died [[1833 in science|1833]]).
* October 28 – [[Jacques Labillardière]], French [[naturalist]] (died [[1834 in science|1834]]).
* [[Maria Elizabetha Jacson]], English botanist (died [[1829 in science|1829]]).

==Deaths==
* May 20 – [[Johann Georg Gmelin]], botanist, natural historian and geographer (born [[1709 in science|1709]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1755 in science| ]]
[[Category:18th century in science]]
[[Category:1750s in science]]