Editing 1757 in science

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The year '''1757 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.

==Astronomy==
* April 16 – The works of astronomer [[Galileo Galilei]] espousing [[heliocentrism]] are removed (with the approval of [[Pope Benedict XIV]]) from the ''[[Index Librorum Prohibitorum]]'' list of books banned by [[Roman Catholic Church]], along with "all books teaching the earth's motion and the sun's immobility". Other works of heliocentrists Galileo, [[Nicolaus Copernicus]], [[Johannes Kepler]], [[Diego de Zúñiga]] and Paolo Foscarini remain on the list.<ref>Maurice A. Finocchiaro, ''Retrying Galileo, 1633–1992'' (University of California Press, 2007) p138</ref>
* [[Nicolas Louis de Lacaille]] publishes his ''Astronomiae Fundamenta Novissimus'', containing a standard catalogue of 398 bright stars with positions corrected for [[Aberration of light|aberration]] and [[astronomical nutation|nutation]].
* [[Tobias Mayer]] presents accurate tables of the [[Moon]]'s motion to the [[Board of Longitude]] in [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]].

==Chemistry==
* [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[physician]] [[Francis Home]] publishes ''The Principles of Agriculture and Vegetation'', an early presentation of the chemical principles underlying [[plant nutrition]], in [[Edinburgh]].

==Medicine==
* March 30 – Founding of the [[Rigshospitalet]], national hospital of [[Denmark]], in [[Copenhagen]].<ref>Adrian Raine, ''The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime'' (Vintage Books, 2014) p185</ref>
* December 8 – Opening of the "New Lying-In" or [[Rotunda Hospital]] in [[Dublin]], designed by [[Richard Cassels]].
* [[Albrecht von Haller]] begins publication of ''Elementa physiologiae corporis humani'' in [[Switzerland]].

==Physics==
* [[Leonhard Euler]] publishes [[Euler equations|his equations]] for [[inviscid flow]].

==Technology==
* [[London]] instrument maker [[John Bird (astronomer)|John Bird]] makes the first navigational [[sextant]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The World's First Sextants|url=http://coastalboating.net/Resources/Navigation/.../MoskowitzSextants.pdf|first=Saul|last=Moskowitz|journal=Navigation|volume=34|year=1987|pages=22–42|doi=10.1002/j.2161-4296.1987.tb01488.x}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Benjamin Franklin]] invents a three-wheel clock movement, which later leads to several variants in the design of [[pendulum]] clocks.
* The [[Grubenmann]] brothers complete timber [[arch bridge]]s in Switzerland which include the longest vehicular bridge spans extant at this date:<ref>{{cite book|first=Leonardo Fernández|last=Troyano|title=Bridge Engineering: a Global Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0u5G8E3uPUAC&q=Wettingen+bridge+1778&pg=PA159|publisher=Thomas Telford Publishing|location=London|year=2003|isbn=0-7277-3215-3|pages=158–59|accessdate=2011-08-16}}</ref>
** Crossing the [[Rhine]] at [[Schaffhausen]] in two spans of 52 m and 59 m (by Hans Ulrich)
** A single-span of 67 m at [[Reichenau, Switzerland|Reichenau]] (by [[Johannes Grubenmann|Johannes]])

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Lord Charles Cavendish]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* January 17 – [[John Gough (natural philosopher)|John Gough]], [[English people|English]] [[natural philosopher]] (died [[1825 in science|1825]])
* May 24 – [[William Charles Wells]], [[Scottish American]] [[physician]] (died [[1817 in science|1817]])
* June 22 – [[George Vancouver]], English explorer (died [[1798 in science|1798]])
* July 11 – [[Johann Matthäus Bechstein]], [[German people|German]] [[naturalist]] (died [[1822 in science|1822]])
* August 9 – [[Thomas Telford]], [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[civil engineer]] (died [[1834 in science|1834]])
* November 12 – [[Robert Willan]], English [[dermatologist]] (died [[1812 in science|1812]])
* ''date unknown'' - [[Agnes Ibbetson]], English plant physiologist (died [[1823 in science|1823]])

==Deaths==
* January 9
** [[Louis Bertrand Castel]], [[French people|French]] [[Jesuits|Jesuit]] [[mathematician]] and [[physicist]] (born [[1688 in science|1688]])
** [[Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle]], French scientific populariser (born [[1657 in science|1657]])
* August 28 – [[David Hartley (philosopher)|David Hartley]], English physician and [[psychologist]] (born [[1705 in science|1705]])
* October 17 – [[René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur]], French [[physicist]] (born [[1683 in science|1683]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1757 in science| ]]
[[Category:18th century in science]]
[[Category:1750s in science]]