Editing 1758 in science

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The year '''1758 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.
[[File:Linnaeus1758-title-page.jpg|thumb|[[10th edition of Systema Naturae|10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'']]]]
==Astronomy==
* December 25 – [[Halley's Comet]] is sighted by [[Johann Georg Palitzsch]], confirming [[Edmund Halley]]'s [[1705 in science|1705]] prediction of its periodicity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Messier's "Notes on my comets"|url=http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/history/notes-c.html|quote=It was discovered, [...] at Aprohlis, near Dresden, by a farmer named Palitzsch, on the 25th of December 1758[...]}}</ref>

==Chemistry==
* John Champion [[patent]]s a process for [[calcining]] [[zinc sulphide]] into an [[oxide]] usable in the [[retort]] process.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp|url-access=registration|publisher=Reinhold|location=New York|year=1968|editor=Hampel, Clifford A.|last=Lehto|first=R. S.|isbn=0-442-15598-0|chapter=Zinc|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp/page/822 822]}}</ref>

==Medicine==
* French midife [[Angélique du Coudray]] demonstrates the first [[Obstetrics|obstetric]] mannequin.
* [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[physician]] [[Francis Home]] makes the first attempt to deliver a [[measles vaccine]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Waterston|first1=Charles D.|last2=Macmillan Shearer|first2=A.|title=Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783-2002: Biographical Index|url=http://www.rse.org.uk/fellowship/fells_indexp1.pdf|accessdate=2011-11-19|volume=I|date=July 2006|publisher=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|isbn=978-0-902198-84-5|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004113545/http://www.rse.org.uk/fellowship/fells_indexp1.pdf|archivedate=2006-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Enders|first=J. F.|date=December 1961 – February 1962|title=Vaccination against measles: Francis Home redivivus|journal=Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine|volume=34|pages=239–60}}</ref>

==Physics==
* [[Ruđer Bošković]] publishes his [[atomic theory]] in ''Philosophiæ naturalis theoria redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium'' ("Theory of natural philosophy reduced to one law of the forces existing in nature").<ref>{{cite book|title=Cohesion: a scientific history of intermolecular forces|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HaKlJ5Zm51gC&dq=roger+boscovich&pg=PA49|first=J. S.|last=Rowlinson|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=0-521-81008-6|page=49}}</ref>
* [[John Dolland]] presents his "Account of some experiments concerning the different refrangibility of light" (''[[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]'' (London)) describing the discovery of a means of constructing [[Doublet (lens)|doublet]] [[achromatic lens]]es by the combination of [[crown glass (optics)|crown]] and [[flint glass]]es, reducing [[chromatic aberration]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2LZZginzib4C&pg=PA140|title=Stargazer: the life and times of the telescope|first=Fred|last=Watson|location=London|publisher=Allen & Unwin|year=2007|pages=140–55|isbn=978-1-74175-383-7}}</ref>

==Zoology==
* January 1 – Swedish biologist [[Carl Linnaeus]] (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'']], the starting point of modern [[zoological nomenclature]], introducing [[binomial nomenclature]] for animals to his established system of [[Linnaean taxonomy]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Niles|last=Eldredge|author-link=Niles Eldredge|title=Life on Earth: A-G|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2002|pages=477–478}}</ref> Among the first examples of his system of identifying an organism by genus and then species, Linnaeus identifies the [[lamprey]] with the name ''Petromyzon marinus''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Use of Numerals for Specific Names in Systematic Zoology|first=David Starr|last=Jordan|journal=Science|date=1911-03-10|page=372}}</ref> He introduces the term ''[[Homo sapiens]]''. (Date of January 1 assigned retrospectively.)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/index.jsp?article=3&nfv=true|chapter=Article 3|title=International Code of Zoological Nomenclature|author=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|author-link=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature|edition=4th|isbn=0-85301-006-4|year=1999}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[John Dollond]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* January 20 – [[Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze]], [[French people|French]] [[chemist]] (died [[1836 in science|1836]])
* March 9 – [[Franz Joseph Gall]], [[Germany|German]]-born [[neuroanatomist]] (died [[1828 in science|1828]])
* March 14 – [[Franz Bauer]], [[Moravia]]n-born botanical illustrator (died [[1840 in science|1840]])
* June 29 – [[Clotilde Tambroni]], [[Italian people|Italian]] [[philologist]] and linguist (died [[1817 in science|1817]])
* July 31 – {{interlanguage link|Rosalie de Constant|fr}}, Swiss naturalist (died [[1834 in science|1834]]) 
* October 11 – [[Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers]], [[German people|German]] [[astronomer]] (died [[1840 in science|1840]])

==Deaths==
* January 18 – [[François Nicole]], French [[mathematician]] (born [[1683 in science|1683]])
* April 22 – [[Antoine de Jussieu]], French [[naturalist]] (born [[1686 in science|1686]])
* August 15 – [[Pierre Bouguer]], French mathematician (born [[1698 in science|1698]])
* September 5 ([[Old Style and New Style dates|NS]]) – [[Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov]], [[Russia]]n chemist (born c. [[1720 in science|1720]])
* October – [[Elizabeth Blackwell (illustrator)|Elizabeth Blackwell]], [[British people|British]] botanical illustrator (born [[1707 in science|1707]])

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1758 in science| ]]
[[Category:18th century in science]]
[[Category:1750s in science]]