Editing 1782 in science

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{{Science year nav|1782}}

The year '''1782 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] included many events, some of which are listed here.

==Aviation==
* December 14 – The [[Montgolfier brothers]] first test fly a [[hot air balloon]]; it floats nearly {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book|first=Charles Coulston|last=Gillispie|title=The Montgolfier Brothers and the Invention of Aviation, 1783-1784|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=1983|isbn=0-691-08321-5|page=21}}</ref>

==Biology==
* [[Jesuit]] abbot [[Juan Ignacio Molina]] publishes ''Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili''<ref>Translated into English as ''The Geographical, Natural and Civil History of Chili'', in two volumes. [https://archive.org/details/geographicalnat00unkngoog  Volume I],[https://books.google.com/books?id=F4oIAAAAQAAJ Volume II].</ref> in Spain, the first account of the natural history of his native [[Chile]], describing many species to science for the first time (e.g., ''[[Araucaria araucana]]'').

==Chemistry==
* [[Telluride mineral]]s are first discovered in a gold mine in [[Zlatna|Kleinschlatten]], [[Transylvania]] (modern-day Zlatna, [[Romania]]) by [[Austrians|Austrian]] [[Mineralogy|mineralogist]] [[Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein]].
* Winter 1782–83 – [[Antoine Lavoisier]] and [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] begin to use the world's first ice [[calorimeter]] to determine the [[heat]] evolved in various [[chemical change]]s (calculations based on [[Joseph Black]]'s prior discovery of [[latent heat]]), marking the foundation of [[thermochemistry]].

==Medicine==
* May – First patient admitted to [[Sunnyside Royal Hospital|Montrose Lunatic Asylum]], the first such institution to be founded in [[Scotland]], largely due to [[Susan Carnegie]] of Charleton.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Walbaum|first=Sharlene D.|date=2019-12-01|title=The invisible woman: Susan Carnegie and Montrose Lunatic Asylum|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X19860035|journal=History of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=30|issue=4|pages=409–423|doi=10.1177/0957154X19860035|pmid=31257940|s2cid=195760632|issn=0957-154X|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* September – [[Nottingham General Hospital]] opens to patients in England.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bittiner|first1=John Bruce|last2=Lowe|first2=David|year=1990|title=Nottingham General Hospital - Personal Reflections|location=Nottingham|url=http://www.nottinghamhospitalshistory.co.uk/NOTTINGHAM%20GENERAL%20HOSPITAL.pdf|publisher=Special Trustees for Nottingham University Hospitals|page=8}}</ref>

==Physics==
* [[Jean-Paul Marat]] publishes ''Recherches physiques sur l'électricité'' (''Research into the Physics of Electricity'')
* [[Giordano Riccati]] publishes experiments determining what will later be known as [[Young's modulus]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=G.|last=Riccati|year=1782|title=Delle vibrazioni sonore dei cilindri|journal=Memoria di Matematica e di Fisica della Società Italiana del Scienze|volume=1|pages=444–525}}</ref>

==Technology==
* [[John Arnold (watchmaker)|John Arnold]] [[patent]]s his improvements in the construction of [[marine chronometer]]s in [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Britain]].<ref>{{cite web|authorlink=Jonathan Betts|first=Jonathan|last=Betts|title=Arnold, John (1735/6–1799)|work=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/677|accessdate=2012-03-09|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/677}} {{ODNBsub}}</ref>

==Institutions==
* Princess [[Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova]] is appointed Director of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences|Imperial Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Dashkov, Catherina Romanovna Vorontsov, Princess|volume=7|page=844}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Richard Kirwan]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* April 7 &ndash; [[Marie-Anne Libert]], Belgian botanist (died [[1865 in science|1865]])
* June 3 – [[Charles Waterton]], [[English people|English]] [[naturalist]] and explorer (died [[1865 in science|1865]])
* June 16 – [[Olry Terquem]], [[French people|French]] Jewish [[geometer]] (died [[1862 in science|1862]])

==Deaths==
* January 18 – Sir [[John Pringle (physician)|John Pringle]], [[Scotland|Scottish]]-born [[physician]] (born [[1707 in science|1707]])
* March 17 – [[Daniel Bernoulli]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]]-[[Swiss people|Swiss]] [[mathematician]] (born [[1700 in science|1700]])
* April 15 – [[Elisabeth Christina von Linné]], Swedish botanist  (born [[1743 in science|1743]])
* May 6 – [[Christine Kirch]], German astronomer (born [[1696 in science|1696]])
* May 16 – [[Daniel Solander]], [[Sweden|Swedish]]-born [[botanist]] (born [[1733 in science|1733]])
* May 20 – [[William Emerson (mathematician)|William Emerson]], English mathematician (born [[1701 in science|1701]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1782 in science| ]]
[[Category:18th century in science]]
[[Category:1780s in science]]