Editing 1792 in science

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{{Science year nav|1792}}

The year '''1792 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.

==Astronomy==
* [[Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach]] publishes ''The Tables of the Sun'', an instrumental work for the advancement of navigation.
* The first [[Royal Astronomer of Ireland]] is appointed: the post is combined with the position of Director of the [[Dunsink Observatory]] in [[Dublin]].

==Biology==
* [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[surgeon]] [[Robert Kerr (writer)|Robert Kerr]] publishes ''The Animal Kingdom'', the first two volumes of an [[English language|English]] translation of [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]' ''[[Systema Naturae]]''.

==Exploration and survey==
* May — [[George Vancouver]] explores [[Puget Sound]] and becomes the first [[Europe]]an to see [[Mount Rainier]].
* May 11 — [[Robert Gray's Columbia River expedition]]: Captain [[Robert Gray (sea captain)|Robert Gray]] on the ''[[Columbia Rediviva]]'' becomes the first white man to enter the [[Columbia River]].
* The second great [[Ramsden theodolite]] constructed by [[Jesse Ramsden]] for the [[Principal Triangulation of Great Britain]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ramsden's three foot geodetic theodolite, 1792|url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/surveying/1876-1203.aspx|publisher=[[Science Museum (London)]]|accessdate=2011-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209045510/http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/surveying/1876-1203.aspx|archive-date=2011-02-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History of science==
* [[Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel|Kurt Sprengel]] publishes ''Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneikunde'' in [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], the first chronologically complete work on the [[history of medicine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Medicine: Bibliography|url=http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MED/medicine-39.html|work=1902 Encyclopedia|accessdate=2011-10-10}}</ref>

==Mathematics==
* American statesmen [[Thomas Jefferson]] introduces the [[highest averages method]] of allocating electoral votes which becomes known as the [[D'Hondt method]].

==Medicine==
* [[Benjamin Rush]] campaigns for more humane treatment of [[psychiatric]] patients in [[Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Albert|last=Deutsch|year=2007|title=The Mentally Ill in America: a History of Their Care and Treatment From Colonial Times}}</ref>
* [[François Chopart]] performs [[plastic surgery]] on a lip using a flap from the neck.

==Physics==
* Abate [[Giovanni Battista Guglielmini]] publishes ''De diuturno terræ motu experimentis physico-mathematicis confirmato opusculum'' describing experiments carried out in [[Bologna]] to demonstrate [[rotation of the earth]].

==Technology==
* April 25 — First use of the [[guillotine]].
* [[Claude Chappe]] successfully demonstrates the first [[semaphore line]], between [[Paris]] and [[Lille]], constituting an optical [[telegraph]].
* [[William Murdoch]] invents gas lighting.
* George Anschutz constructs the first [[blast furnace]] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]].
* [[James Rumsey]] is granted a [[patent]] for a [[water turbine]], in [[England]].<ref>British patent no. 1903</ref>
* The first iron-cased [[Mysorean rockets]] are successfully developed and used by [[Hyder Ali]] and his son [[Tipu Sultan]], rulers of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] in [[India]], against [[British East India Company]] forces during the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]].

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Benjamin Thompson]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* January 12 — [[Johan August Arfwedson]], [[Swedes|Swedish]] [[chemist]] (died [[1841 in science|1841]])
* February 1 — [[Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach]], [[Germans|German]] [[plastic surgeon]] (died [[1847 in science|1847]])
* February 17 — [[Karl Ernst von Baer]], [[Estonia]]n [[naturalist]] (died [[1876 in science|1876]])
* March 7 — [[John Herschel]], [[English people|English]] [[mathematician]] and [[astronomer]] (died [[1871 in science|1871]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CdCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA123|year=1872|publisher=Priestley and Weale|pages=123}}</ref>
* May 21 — [[Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis]], [[French people|French]] mathematician, discoverer of the [[Coriolis effect]] (died [[1843 in science|1843]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=James Willard Nybakken|author2=William W. Broenkow|author3=Tracy Lowell Vallier|title=Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Marine Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-w5AQAAIAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Grolier Academic Reference|isbn=978-0-7172-5946-5|page=252}}</ref>
* July 7 — [[Diego de Argumosa]], [[Spaniards|Spanish]] [[surgeon]] (died [[1865 in science|1865]])
* December 1 (November 20 [[Old Style]]) — [[Nikolai Lobachevsky]], [[Russia]]n mathematician and [[geometer]] (died [[1856 in science|1856]])

==Deaths==
* March 10 — [[John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute]], former [[Prime Minister of Great Britain]] and [[botanist]] (born [[1713 in science|1713]])
* October 28
** [[Paul Möhring]], German [[physician]] and botanist (born [[1710 in science|1710]])
** [[John Smeaton]], English [[civil engineer]] (born [[1724 in science|1724]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1792 in science| ]]
[[Category:18th century in science]]
[[Category:1790s in science]]