Editing 1793 in science

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The year '''1793 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.

==Events==
* August 8 – The [[French Academy of Sciences]] is among the academies suppressed by the [[National Convention]].
* October 24 – The [[French Republican Calendar]], devised by [[Gilbert Romme]], is adopted by the National Convention.

==Exploration==
* July 20 – [[Scottish people|Scottish]] explorer [[Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)|Alexander Mackenzie]]'s 1792–1793 Peace River expedition to the [[Pacific Ocean]] reaches its goal at [[Bella Coola, British Columbia]], making him the first known person to complete a transcontinental crossing of northern [[North America]].

==Biology==
* June 10 – {{Lang|fr|[[Muséum national d'histoire naturelle]]|italic=no}} formally established in [[Paris]] by the [[National Convention]] of the [[French First Republic]].
* [[Christian Konrad Sprengel]] publishes {{Lang|de|[[Das entdeckte Geheimnis der Natur im Bau und in der Befruchtung der Blumen]]}} in [[Berlin]], pioneering the study of [[pollination]] [[ecology]].

==Chemistry==
* Scottish chemist [[Thomas Charles Hope]] confirms the existence of the [[alkaline earth metal]] which he names ''strontites''; later isolated as ''[[strontium]]''.<ref>Although Hope had investigated strontium ores since 1791, his research was published in: {{cite journal | last1 = Hope | first1 = Thomas C | year = 1798 | title = Account of a mineral from Strontian and of a particular species of earth which it contains | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1428672| journal = [[Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]] | volume = 4 | issue = 2| pages = 3–39 | doi=10.1017/s0080456800030726}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Murray|first=T.|year=1993|title=Elemementary Scots: The Discovery of Strontium|journal=Scottish Medical Journal|volume=38|pages=188–189|pmid=8146640|issue=6|doi=10.1177/003693309303800611|s2cid=20396691}}</ref>

==Medicine==
* [[Matthew Baillie]] publishes ''The Morbid Anatomy of Some of the Most Important Parts of the Human Body'', considered the first systematic study of [[pathology]] and the first publication in [[English language|English]] on it as a separate subject.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9011817/Matthew-Baillie|title=Matthew Baillie|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online|accessdate=2007-08-11}}</ref> He is credited with first identifying [[transposition of the great vessels]] and ''[[situs inversus]]''.
* [[John Bell (surgeon)|John Bell]] begins publication in [[Edinburgh]] of ''The Anatomy of the Bones, Muscles & Joints'' (the first volume of ''The Anatomy of the Human Body'', which will go through at least seven editions) and ''Discourses on the Nature and Cure of Wounds'' with illustrations by himself and his brother [[Charles Bell|Charles]].<ref>{{cite ODNB|first=K. Grudzien|last=Baston|title=Bell, John (1763–1820)|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2013|accessdate=2011-04-06|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite ODNB|first=L. S.|last=Jacyna|title=Bell, Sir Charles (1774–1842)|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1999|accessdate=2011-04-06|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/1999}}</ref>
* [[Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793|Yellow Fever epidemic]] in [[Philadelphia]] in the [[United States]].
* [[Dominique Jean Larrey]], chief surgeon of the [[French Revolutionary Army]], creates the first battlefield "flying [[ambulance]]" service.

==Metrology==
* The [[grave (unit)|grave]], the original name for the kilogram, is defined by the Commission of Weights and Measures of the French Academy of Sciences.

==Technology==
* May 15 – [[Spanish people|Spanish]] inventor [[Diego Marín Aguilera]] flies a [[Glider aircraft|glider]] for about 360 m (1,180ft).
* October 28 – [[Eli Whitney]] applies for a United States [[patent]] for his [[cotton gin]] (the patent is granted the following March).
* [[Hannah Slater]] applies for a United States [[patent]] for her new method of producing sewing thread from cotton.

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: Not awarded<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* January 31 – [[Joseph Paul Gaimard]], [[French people|French]] naval surgeon and naturalist (died [[1858 in science|1858]])
* April 15 – [[Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve]], [[Baltic governorates|Baltic]] [[astronomer]] (died [[1864 in science|1864]])
* April – [[Thomas Addison]], [[English people|English]] [[physician]] and scientist (died [[1860 in science|1860]])
* May 6 – [[William Dick (veterinarian)|William Dick]], [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[veterinarian]] (died [[1866 in science|1866]])
* July 13 – [[George Green (mathematician)|George Green]], English [[mathematician]] (died [[1841 in science|1841]])
* July 18 – [[Jean-Alfred Gautier]], [[Swiss people|Swiss]] astronomer (died [[1881 in science|1881]])<ref>{{HDS|028831|Alfred Gautier|author=Marcel Golay}}</ref>

==Deaths==
* April 21 – [[John Michell]], English geologist (born [[1724 in science|1724]])
* May 20 – [[Charles Bonnet]], [[Republic of Geneva|Genevan]] naturalist (born [[1720 in science|1720]])
* May 26 – [[Eliza Lucas]], American agronomist (born 1722)
* May 28 – [[Anton Friedrich Büsching]], German geographer (born 1724)
* June 26 – [[Gilbert White]], English naturalist (born 1720)
* ''August 21'' – [[James Small (inventor)|James Small]], Scottish inventor (born 1740)
* September 26 – [[Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard]], French mycologist (born {{Circa|1742}})
* October 16 – [[John Hunter (surgeon)|John Hunter]], Scottish surgeon, pathologist and comparative anatomist (born [[1728 in science|1728]])

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1793 in science| ]]
[[Category:18th century in science]]
[[Category:1790s in science]]