Editing 1795 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1795|science}}
{{Science year nav|1795}}

The year '''1795 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events.

==Astronomy==
* December 13 – A [[meteorite]] falls to Earth at [[Wold Newton, East Riding of Yorkshire]], [[England]], the first to be recognised in modern times.

==Botany==
* [[National Botanic Gardens (Ireland)]] opened by the [[Royal Dublin Society]].

==Mathematics==
* The 18-year-old [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] develops the basis for the method of [[least squares]] analysis.<ref>Not published until [[1809 in science|1809]].</ref>

==Medicine==
* The British [[Royal Navy]] makes the use of [[lemon juice]] mandatory to prevent [[scurvy]], largely due to the influence of [[Gilbert Blane]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Stephen R.|last=Bown|title=Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner and a Gentleman Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail|publisher=Penguin Books Australia|year=2003|page=222}}</ref>

==Metrology==
* April 7 – The [[gram]] is decreed in France to be equal to "the absolute weight of a volume of water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of the metre, at the temperature of melting ice."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://smdsi.quartier-rural.org/histoire/18germ_3.htm|title=Decree on weights and measures|year=1795|quote=''Gramme'', le poids absolu d'un volume d'eau pure égal au cube de la centième partie du mètre , et à la température de la glace fondante| accessdate=2 October 2008 <!--Added by DASHBot-->| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924152410/http://smdsi.quartier-rural.org/histoire/18germ_3.htm| archivedate= 24 September 2008 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}</ref>

==Paleontology==
* [[Georges Cuvier]] identifies the [[fossil]]ised bones of a huge animal found in the [[Netherlands]] in [[1770 in science|1770]] as belonging to an extinct reptile.

==Technology==
* August 24 – Rev. [[Samuel Henshall]] is granted an English [[patent]] for a [[corkscrew]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bullworks.net/daily/20090824.htm|title=Samuel Henshall (1765–1807)|website=bullworks.net|accessdate=2021-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corkscrewsonline.com/corkscrew_guide_henshall.html|title=Antique & Vintage Corkscrew Guide ~ Direct pull corkscrews with Henshall buttons|website=corkscrewsonline.com|accessdate=2021-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2000/apr/01/features.jobsmoney4|title=Drink a toast to the worm that turned|first=Steward|last=Dalby|date=2000-04-01|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|accessdate=2021-06-22}}</ref>
* November 30 – [[Joseph Bramah]] is granted an English patent for [[hydraulic machinery]], notably the [[hydraulic press]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Ian|last=McNeill|title=Hydraulic Power|location=London|publisher=Longman|year=1972|isbn=0-582-12797-1}}</ref>

==Zoology==
* [[Johann Matthäus Bechstein]] publishes his treatise on [[songbird]]s ''Naturgeschichte der Stubenvögel'' ("Natural History of Cage Birds") in [[Gotha (town)|Gotha]].
* [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] publishes "Histoire des Makis, ou singes de Madagascar", introducing his theory of the unity of organic composition.

==Publications==
* [[Leonhard Euler]]'s ''[[Letters to a German Princess|Letters to a German Princess, On Different Subjects in Physics and Philosophy]]'' are first translated into English by Scottish minister [[Henry Hunter (divine)|Henry Hunter]], targeted at women, whom Hunter felt Euler intended to educate.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Hunter, Henry|last=Goodwin|first=Gordon|volume=28}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Klyve |first=Dominic |title=Euler's Letters to a German Princess:Betrayal and Translation |journal=Opusculum |volume=3 |issue=1 |url=http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/eulersociety/opusculum/Opusculum2011-1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022211025/http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/eulersociety/opusculum/Opusculum2011-1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-22 |accessdate=2013-10-21 |date=Spring 2011 }}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Jesse Ramsden]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* January 6 – [[Anselme Payen]], [[French people|French]] [[chemist]] (died [[1878 in science|1878]])
* May 5 – [[Pierre Louis Alphée Cazenave]], French [[dermatologist]] (died [[1877 in science|1877]])
* June 24 – [[Ernst Heinrich Weber]], [[German people|German]] [[physician]], [[psychologist]] (died [[1878 in science|1878]])
* June 30 – [[Joseph Bienaimé Caventou]], French chemist (died [[1877 in science|1877]])
* July 5 – [[Georg Ernst Ludwig Hampe]], German pharmacist, botanist and bryologist (died [[1880 in science|1880]])
* July 10 – [[Jean-Baptiste Guimet]], French industrial chemist (died [[1871 in science|1871]])
* November 12 – [[Thaddeus William Harris]], [[Americans|American]] naturalist (died [[1856 in science|1856]])
* December 8 – [[Peter Andreas Hansen]], [[Danes|Danish]] [[astronomer]] (died [[1874 in science|1874]])
* December 21
** [[Francisco Javier Muñiz]], [[Argentine people|Argentine]] physician and [[paleontologist]] (died [[1871 in science|1871]])
** [[Jack Russell (priest)|Jack Russell]], [[English people|English]] [[dog breeder]] (died [[1883 in science|1883]])

==Deaths==
* January 21 – [[Samuel Wallis]], English navigator (born [[1728 in science|1728]])
* March 21 – [[Giovanni Arduino (geologist)|Giovanni Arduino]], [[Italian people|Italian]] [[geologist]] (born [[1714 in science|1714]])
* May 6 – [[Pieter Boddaert]], Dutch physician and naturalist (born [[1730 in science|1730]])
* June 1 – [[Pierre-Joseph Desault]], French anatomist and surgeon (born [[1744 in science|1744]])
* June 9 – [[François Chopart]], [[French people|French]] [[surgeon]] (born [[1743 in science|1743]])
* June 17 – [[Gilbert Romme]], French politician and mathematician  (born [[1750 in science|1750]])
* June 18 – [[Marie Marguerite Bihéron]], French anatomist (born [[1719 in science|1719]])
* June 24 – [[William Smellie (encyclopedist)|William Smellie]], [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[naturalist]] and encyclopedist (born [[1740 in science|1740]])
* July 3 – [[Antonio de Ulloa]], [[Spanish people|Spanish]] [[explorer]] (born [[1716 in science|1716]])
* August 14 – [[George Adams (scientist, died 1795)|George Adams]], English scientific instrument maker (born [[1750 in science|1750]])
* October 1 – [[Robert Bakewell (agriculturalist)|Robert Bakewell]], English [[agriculturalist]] and [[geneticist]] (born [[1725 in science|1725]])
* December 28 – [[Eugenio Espejo]], Ecuadorian medical hygienist, lawyer and journalist (born [[1747 in science|1747]])

==References==
{{Reflist}}<!--added above categories/infobox footers by script-assisted edit-->

[[Category:1795 in science| ]]
[[Category:18th century in science]]
[[Category:1790s in science]]