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1798 in science
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> {{Year nav topic5|1798|science}} {{Science year nav|1798}} The year '''1798 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events. ==Astronomy== * [[Caroline Herschel]]'s index and updating of [[John Flamsteed|Flamsteed]]'s [[star catalogue]] is published by the [[Royal Society]] of [[London]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ogilvie|first= Marilyn Bailey|title=Women in Science: Antiquity through the Nineteenth Century|url=https://archive.org/details/womeninscience00mari|url-access=registration|publisher=MIT Press|year=1986|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womeninscience00mari/page/97 97–98]|isbn=0-262-65038-X}}</ref> ==Chemistry== * The element [[beryllium]] is discovered by [[Louis Vauquelin]] as the [[oxide]] in [[beryl]] and in [[emerald]]s. [[Friedrich Wöhler]] and [[Antoine Bussy|A. A. Bussy]] independently isolate the metal in 1828 by reacting [[potassium]] and [[beryllium chloride]]. ==Demography== * [[Thomas Robert Malthus]] publishes the first edition of ''[[An Essay on the Principle of Population]]'' (anonymously) in London. ==Mathematics== * [[Joseph Louis Lagrange|Lagrange]] publishes his ''Résolution des équations numériques'', including the method of approximating to the real roots of an equation by means of [[continued fraction]]s. * [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] (born 1777) completes his magnum opus, ''[[Disquisitiones Arithmeticae]]'' (published 1801). ==Medicine== * [[Edward Jenner]] publishes ''An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolæ Vaccinæ, a disease discovered in some of the western counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of the [[Cowpox|Cow Pox]]'', describing the [[smallpox vaccine]], in London. * [[Charles Bell]] publishes ''A System of Dissection Explaining the Anatomy of the Human Body'' in collaboration with his brother [[John Bell (surgeon)|John]].<ref>{{cite web|first=L. S.|last=Jacyna|title=Bell, Sir Charles (1774–1842)|work=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1999|accessdate=2011-04-06|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/1999}} {{ODNBsub}}</ref> * [[Alexander Crichton]] publishes ''An inquiry into the nature and origin of mental derangement; comprehending a concise system of the physiology and pathology of the human mind and a history of the passions and their effects'', including a description of a condition resembling the inattentive subtype of [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]]. * [[John Dalton]] publishes "Extraordinary Facts Relating to the Vision of Colours", describing [[colour blindness]] for the first time in print.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dalton|first=J.|year=1798|title=Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours; with observations|journal=Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester|volume=5|pages=28–45}} The original lecture was delivered in 1794.</ref> * [[Philippe Pinel]] publishes ''Nosographie philosophique, ou méthode de l'analyse appliquée à la médecine'', emphasising the importance of [[nosology]] (classification of diseases) to medicine. It goes through six editions in the next ten years.<ref>{{cite book|last=Burke|first=James|title=The Day the Universe Changed|location=London|publisher=[[BBC]]|year=1985|authorlink=James Burke (science historian)|isbn=0-563-20192-4|page=207}}</ref> * [[Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring]] publishes ''Tabula sceleti feminini'' in [[Frankfurt am Main]], the first accurate representation of the female skeleton. ==Physics== * [[Benjamin Thompson]], Count Rumford, publishes ''[[An Inquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat Which Is Excited by Friction]]''. ==Technology== * [[James Sadler (balloonist)|James Sadler]] introduces the [[table engine]] at the [[Portsmouth Block Mills]] in [[England]]. ==Zoology== * The [[platypus]] is first discovered by Europeans. ==Publications== * The ''[[Philosophical Magazine]]'' is initiated by [[Alexander Tilloch]] to cover the field of [[natural philosophy]]; it will still be published more than two centuries later.<ref>{{cite web|first=John|last=Burnett|title=Tilloch, Alexander (1759–1825)|work=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27448|accessdate=2010-02-17}}</ref> ==Awards== * [[Copley Medal]]: [[Sir George Shuckburgh-Evelyn, 6th Baronet]]; [[Charles Hatchett]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ==Births== * March 25 – [[Christoph Gudermann]], [[Germans|German]] mathematician (died [[1852 in science|1852]]) * April 3 – [[Charles Wilkes]], [[Americans|American]] navigator (died [[1877 in science|1877]]) * July 14 - [[François Mêlier]], [[French people|French]] physician (died [[1866 in science|1866]])<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|language=fr |url=https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=570# |title=François Mêlier |author=Jules Bergeron, Alexandre Wauthier |website=cths.fr |publisher= Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques |access-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> * August 17 – [[Thomas Hodgkin]], [[English people|English]] [[physician]] (died [[1866 in science|1866]]) * September 11 – [[Franz Ernst Neumann]], German mineralogist, physicist and mathematician (died [[1895 in science|1895]]) * September 19 – [[Caesar Hawkins]], English [[surgeon]] (died [[1884 in science|1884]]) * November 4 – [[Karl Kreil]], [[Austria]]n [[astronomer]] (died [[1862 in science|1862]]) * December 28 – [[Thomas James Henderson|Thomas Henderson]], [[Scottish people|Scottish]] astronomer (died [[1844 in science|1844]]) ==Deaths== * May 10 – [[George Vancouver]], English explorer (born [[1757 in science|1757]]) * May 2 – [[Erland Samuel Bring]], [[Swedes|Swedish]] [[mathematician]] (born [[1736 in science|1736]]) * August 25 – [[Mikiel'Ang Grima]], [[Maltese people|Maltese]] [[Surgery|surgeon]] (born [[1729 in science|1729]]) * November 5 – [[John Zephaniah Holwell]], Anglo-Irish surgeon (born [[1711 in science|1711]]) * December 4 – [[Luigi Galvani]], [[Italian people|Italian]] [[physicist]] (born [[1737 in science|1737]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luigi-Galvani|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=2019-03-21|language=en}}</ref> * December 16 – [[Thomas Pennant]], Welsh naturalist (born [[1726 in science|1726]]) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:1798 in science| ]] [[Category:18th century in science]] [[Category:1790s in science]]
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