Editing 1805

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Year dab|1805}}
{{Year nav|1805}}
[[File:Turner, The Battle of Trafalgar (1806).jpg|thumb|right|250px|October 21: [[Battle of Trafalgar]]]]
[[File:La bataille d'Austerlitz. 2 decembre 1805 (François Gérard).jpg|thumb|right|250px|December 2: [[Battle of Austerlitz]]]]
{{C19 year in topic}}{{Year article header|1805}} After thirteen years the [[First French Empire]] abolished the [[French Republican Calendar]] in favour of the Gregorian calendar.

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January 11]] – The [[Michigan Territory]] is created.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Commission |first1=Michigan Historical |last2=Society |first2=Michigan State Historical |title=Michigan Historical Collections |year=1888 |publisher=Michigan Historical Commission |page=218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJE6AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA218 |language=en |access-date=February 8, 2021 |archive-date=December 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207120931/https://books.google.com/books?id=CJE6AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA218#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[February 7]] – King [[Anouvong]] becomes ruler of [[Vientiane]] on the death of his brother [[Inthavong]].
* [[February 15]] – The [[Harmony Society]] is officially formed as a Christian community in [[Harmony, Pennsylvania]].
* [[March 1]] – Justice [[Samuel Chase]] is [[Impeachment of Samuel Chase|acquitted of impeachment charges]] by the [[United States Senate]].
* [[March 5]] –  The [[New Brunswick Legislature]] passes a bill to advance literacy in the province, which eventually leads to the creation of public education in Canada.

=== April–June ===
* [[April 7]] – [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]'s [[Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 3]], ''Eroica'', has its public premiere at the [[Theater an der Wien]] in Vienna under his baton.
* [[April 27]] – [[Battle of Derne]]: [[United States Marines]] and [[Berbers]] attack the [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]tan city of [[Derna, Libya|Derna]] (the ''Shores of Tripoli'').
* [[April 29]] – [[Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck]] is appointed as [[Grand Pensionary]] of the [[Batavian Republic]] by [[Napoleon]].
* [[May 26]] – [[Napoleon]] is crowned [[King of Italy]].
* [[May 31]]–[[June 2]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Battle of Diamond Rock]] – A Franco-Spanish fleet captures the strategic island of [[Diamond Rock]] off [[Martinique]] in the [[West Indies]], from the British.
* [[June 1]] – Tuscan-born composer [[Luigi Boccherini]] is buried in the [[Basílica pontificia de San Miguel]] in Madrid after being found dead on [[May 28]].
* [[June 4]]
** The [[First Barbary War]] ends between Tripoli and the United States of America.
** The first [[Trooping the Colour]] ceremony is held at the [[Horse Guards Parade]] in London.
** Detroit burns to the ground; most of the city is destroyed.
* [[June 13]] – [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] in the United States: Scouting ahead of the expedition, [[Meriwether Lewis]] and four companions sight the [[Great Falls of the Missouri River]], confirming they are heading in the right direction.

=== July–September ===
* [[July 9]] – [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali Pasha]] founds his [[dynasty]] in Egypt.
* [[July 26]] – [[1805 Molise earthquake]]: 5,573 people in [[Molise]] and [[Campania]], Italy, are killed.
* [[August 12]] – [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]]: U.S. Army Captain [[Meriwether Lewis]] reaches the [[Continental Divide of the Americas]], crossing to the west at [[Lemhi Pass]].<ref>Karen Jones and John Wills, ''The American West: Competing Visions'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2009) p17
</ref>
* [[August 25]] – [[Treaty of Bogenhausen]] is concluded between France and [[Electorate of Bavaria|Bavaria]] forming a military alliance
* [[August 27]] – Napoleon orders the [[Grande Armée]] ("The Great Army") of some 165,000 men to march to the [[Rhine|Rhine River]] to deal with the Austrian and Russian threats on the frontier. The French army is organized into seven corps and is supported by 36–40 cannons each. Napoleon orders Marshal [[Joachim Murat]] with his [[I Cavalry Corps (Grande Armée)|I Cavalry Corps]] (some 20,000 men), to make feint attacks through the [[Black Forest]] in south-west [[Germany]].
* [[August 29]] – [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Franz I of Austria]] and his council of ministers vote in favor of going to war with France.<ref>Kinley Brauer and William E. Wright, ''Austria in the Age of the French Revolution, 1789-1815'' (Berghahn Books, 1990) p11</ref>
* [[August 31]] – British Army General [[Sir David Baird, 1st Baronet|David Baird]] departs from [[Cork (city)|Cork]], leading an expedition to capture the [[Cape of Good Hope]].  Their ship arrives on January 4.<ref>"Baird, David", in ''A New General Biographical Dictionary'', Volume 3, ed. by Hugh James Rose (T. Fellowes, 1857) p20</ref>
* [[September 21]] – [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies|King Ferdinand of Naples]] signs a treaty in Paris agreeing to keep Naples neutral during the war between France and the allied powers.<ref>''Tales of the Wars; Or, Naval and Military Chronicle'' (William Mark Clark, 1836) p329</ref>
* [[September 29]] – [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Admiral Nelson]] of the British [[Royal Navy]] takes command of the fleet off the coast of [[Cadiz]], in order to counteract the navies of France and Spain.<ref>''The Englishman's library: comprising a series of historical, biographical, and national information'' (Charles Knight, 1824) p165</ref>

=== October–December ===
* [[October 14]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[War of the Third Coalition]] – [[Ulm Campaign]]: [[Battle of Elchingen]] – An Austrian corps under [[Johann Sigismund Riesch|Johann von Riesch]] is defeated by [[Michel Ney|Marshal Ney]], near [[Elchingen]], Bavaria.
* [[October 16]]–[[October 19]] – [[War of the Third Coalition]]: [[Ulm Campaign]] – [[Battle of Ulm]]: Austrian General [[Karl Mack von Leiberich|Mack von Leiberich]] is forced to surrender his entire army to Napoleon, after being surrounded.
* [[October 21]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[War of the Third Coalition]] – [[Battle of Trafalgar]]: The British fleet, led by Admiral [[Horatio Nelson]], defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain; however, Admiral Nelson is fatally shot.
* [[October 23]]
**  On the early death of her husband, [[Madame Clicquot Ponsardin]] takes over his champagne wine business in France as [[Veuve Clicquot]].
** British [[Aeneas (troopship)|troopship ''Aeneas'']] is wrecked off [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] with the loss of 340 lives.<ref>{{cite book|last=Grocott|first=Terence|title=Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Eras|publisher=Caxton Editions|year=2002|isbn=1-84067-164-5}}</ref>
* [[October 31]] – Sweden, led by [[Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden|King Gustav IV Adolf]], declares war on France.<ref>H. Arnold Barton, ''Scandinavia in the Revolutionary Era: 1760–1815'' (University of Minnesota Press, 1986) p267</ref>
* [[November 7]] – The [[Lewis and Clark Expedition]] arrives at the Pacific Ocean.
* [[November 11]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Battle of Dürenstein]] – 8,000 French troops attempt to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force.
* [[November 16]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Battle of Schöngrabern]] – Russian forces, under [[Pyotr Bagration]], delay the pursuit by French troops under [[Joachim Murat]].
* [[November 20]] – [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]]'s only opera ''[[Fidelio]]'', in its original form (known retrospectively as ''Leonore''), is premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, which at this time is under French military occupation.
* [[November 26]] – The [[Pontcysyllte Aqueduct]] is opened in Wales; it is {{convert|1007|ft|m|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|126|ft|m|abbr=on}} tall.
* [[December 2]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: [[Battle of Austerlitz]] – French troops under [[Napoleon]] decisively defeat a joint Russo-Austrian force.
* [[December 26]] – The [[Peace of Pressburg (1805)|Peace of Pressburg]] between France and Austria is signed in the [[Primate's Palace, Bratislava|Primate's Palace]], Pressburg (modern-day [[Bratislava]]).
* [[December 31]] – The [[French Republican Calendar]] (which featured a 10-day week until 1802) is used for the last time, 8 days after being annulled by [[Napoleon]], with the final official date being "9 [[Nivôse]] in Year XIV of the Revolution".<ref>Thomas Carlyle, ''The French Revolution'' (Courier Corporation, 2012) p210</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[James Squire]] becomes the first brewer in  Australia to cultivate [[hops]].
* The ''[[Old Man of the Mountain, New Hampshire|Old Man of the Mountain]]'', a natural rock formation in the U.S. state of [[New Hampshire]], is first mentioned by two workmen, Francis Whitcomb and Luke Brooks.
* Napoleon orders his soldiers to be [[vaccination|vaccinated]].

== Births ==

=== January–June ===
[[File:HCA by Thora Hallager 1869.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Hans Christian Andersen]]]]
* [[January 8]] – [[Orson Hyde]], American religious leader (d. 1878)
* [[January 27]] – [[Samuel Palmer]], English artist (d. 1881)
* [[February 13]] – [[Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]], German mathematician (d. 1859)
* [[February 18]] – [[Louis M. Goldsborough]], United States Navy admiral (d. 1877)
* [[March 3]] – [[Jonas Furrer]], first [[President of the Swiss Confederation]] (d. 1861)
* [[March 14]] – [[Eduard Clam-Gallas]], Austrian general (d. 1891)
* [[March 22]] – [[Benito de Soto]], Galician pirate (executed 1830)
* [[March 23]] – [[Sears Cook Walker]], American mathematician, astronomer (d. 1853)
* [[March 26]] (alleged) – [[Shirali Muslimov]], Azerbaijani supercentenarian (d. 1973)
* [[April 2]] – [[Hans Christian Andersen]], Danish writer (d. 1875)
* [[April 8]] – [[Hugo von Mohl]], German botanist (d. 1872)
* [[April 21]] – [[James Martineau]], English religious philosopher (d. 1900)
* [[April 22]] – [[Benito de Soto]], [[Galicia (Spain)|Galician]] pirate (d. 1830)
* [[June 9]] – [[José Trinidad Cabañas]], Honduran general, president and national hero (d. 1871)
* [[June 22]] – [[Giuseppe Mazzini]] Italian patriot, statesman and writer (d. 1872)

=== July–December ===
[[File:Fanny Hensel 1842.jpg|110px|thumb|right|[[Fanny Mendelssohn]]]]
[[File:Joseph Smith, Jr. portrait owned by Joseph Smith III.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Joseph Smith]]]]
[[File:Jeanne Deroin 1.jpeg|110px|thumb|right|[[Jeanne Deroin]]]]
* [[July 5]] – [[Robert FitzRoy]], English meteorologist, captain and politician (d. 1865)
* [[July 29]] – [[Alexis de Tocqueville]], French historian (d. 1859)
* [[July 30]] – [[Rudolf Wagner]], German anatomist, pathologist (d. 1864)
* [[August 4]] – [[William Rowan Hamilton]], Irish physicist (d. 1865)
* [[September 19]] – [[John Stevens Cabot Abbott]], American historian, pastor and pedagogical writer (d. 1877)
* [[September 27]] – [[George Müller]], Prussian evangelist, founder of the [[New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristol]] in England (d. 1898)
* [[November 14]] – [[Fanny Mendelssohn]], German composer, pianist (d. 1847)
* [[November 28]] – [[John Lloyd Stephens]], American traveler, diplomat and Mayanist archaeologist (d. 1852)
* [[December 2]] – [[Cicero Price]], American commodore (d. 1888)
* [[December 10]] – [[William Lloyd Garrison]], American abolitionist (d. 1879)
* [[December 12]] – [[Henry Wells]], American businessman, founder of [[Wells Fargo]] (d. 1878)
* [[December 22]] – [[John Obadiah Westwood]], English entomologist (d. 1893)
* [[December 23]] – [[Joseph Smith]], American religious leader, founder of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]] (d. 1844)
* [[December 31]] – [[Jeanne Deroin]], French socialist and feminist (d. 1894)

=== Undated ===
* [[Maiden of Ludmir]], Jewish religious leader (d. 1888)
* [[James Pratt (groom)|James Pratt]], last of two men to be executed in UK for homosexuality (d. 1835)
* [[Cochise]], Indigenous American (Apache) leader (d. 1874)
* [[Jesse Chisholm]], Indigenous American (Cherokee) fur trader and merchant (d. 1868)

== Deaths ==

=== January–June ===
[[File:Friedrich Schiller by Ludovike Simanowiz.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Friedrich Schiller]]]]
[[File:HoratioNelson1.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Lord Nelson]]]]
* [[January 7]] – [[Ebenezer Sproat]], American Continental Army officer, pioneer to the Ohio Country (b. 1752)
* [[January 9]] – [[Noble Wimberly Jones]], American Continental Congressman (b. 1723)
* [[January 17]] – [[Paschen von Cossel]], German lawyer (b. 1714)
* [[January 18]] – [[John Moore (archbishop of Canterbury)]] (b. 1730)
* [[January 23]] – [[Claude Chappe]], French telecommunication pioneer (b. 1763)
* [[January 24]] – [[Liu Yong (Qing dynasty)|Liu Yong]], Chinese politician (b. 1719)
* [[February 2]] – [[Thomas Banks (sculptor)|Thomas Banks]], English sculptor and artist (b. 1735)
* [[February 11]] – [[Queen Jeongsun]], Korean regent (b. 1745)
* [[February 20]] – [[Justus Claproth]], German jurist, inventor of the de-inking process of recycled paper (b. 1728)
* [[February 25]] – [[Thomas Pownall]], English colonial statesman (b. 1722)
* [[March 4]] – [[Jean-Baptiste Greuze]], French painter (b. 1725)
* [[March 14]] – [[Ji Yun]], Chinese politician (b. 1724)
* [[May 7]] – [[William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne]], [[Prime Minister of Great Britain]] (b. 1737)<ref>{{cite web |title=History of William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/william-petty-2nd-earl-of-shelburne |website=www.gov.uk |access-date=1 July 2023 |language=en |archive-date=July 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708145542/https://www.gov.uk/government/history/past-prime-ministers/william-petty-2nd-earl-of-shelburne |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[May 9]] – [[Friedrich Schiller]], German playwright (b. 1759)
* [[May 12]] – [[Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim]], 71st Grandmaster of the [[Knights Hospitaller|Order of Malta]] (b. 1744)
* [[May 25]]
** [[William Paley]], English philosopher (b. 1743)
** [[Anna Maria Rückerschöld]], Swedish author (b. 1725)
* [[May 28]] – [[Luigi Boccherini]], Tuscan-born composer (b. 1743)
* [[June 3]] – [[Princess Louise of Saxe-Meiningen]], Landgravine of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (b. 1752)
* [[June 18]] – [[Arthur Murphy (writer)|Arthur Murphy]], Irish writer (b. 1727)
* [[June 19]] – [[Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée]], French painter (b. 1724)

=== July–December ===
[[File:Eleonore Prochaska.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Eleonore Prochaska]]]]
* [[July 31]] – [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]], Tamil king (b. 1756)
* [[August 3]] – [[Christopher Anstey]], English writer (b. 1724)
* [[August 28]]
** [[Alexander Carlyle]], Scottish church leader (b. 1722)
** [[Christopher Gadsden]], American statesman (b. 1724)
* [[September 27]] – [[William Moultrie]], American general (b. 1730)
* [[September 28]] – [[Christoph Franz von Buseck]], Prince-Bishop of Bamberg (b. 1724)
* [[October 5]]
** [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis]], British general (b. 1738)
** [[Eleonore Prochaska]], German heroine soldier (b. 1785)
* [[October 21]]
** [[John Cooke (Royal Navy officer)|John Cooke]], English captain (b. 1762) [[File:Captain John Cooke, 1763-1805.jpg|thumb|110px|[[John Cooke (Royal Navy officer)|John Cooke]]]]
** [[Horatio Nelson]], British admiral (mortally wounded in battle) (b. 1758)
* [[November 24]] – [[Jacques Antoine Marie de Cazalès]], French orator, politician (b. 1758)
* [[December 16]] – [[Saverio Cassar]], Gozitan priest, rebel leader (b. 1746)
* [[December 23]]
** [[Pehr Osbeck]], Swedish explorer, naturalist (b. 1723)
** [[Geneviève Thiroux d'Arconville]], French novelist, translator and chemist (b. 1720)

=== Undated ===
* [[Rafaela Herrera]], Nicaraguan heroine  (b. 1742)
* [[Bety of Betsimisaraka]], queen regnant (b. 1735)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1805}}
[[Category:1805| ]]