Editing 1809 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1809|science}}
{{Science year nav|1809}}

The year '''1809 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy==
* [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] publishes {{Lang|la|Theoria motus corporum coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientum}} in [[Hamburg]], introducing the [[Gaussian gravitational constant]] and containing an influential treatment of the [[least squares]] method.<ref name=tt>{{cite book|chapter=1809|first=Bernard|last=Grun|title=The Timetables of History|edition=3rd|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=1991|isbn=0-671-74919-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun/page/379 379]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/timetablesofhist1991grun}}</ref>
* [[Siméon Denis Poisson|S. D. Poisson]] publishes {{Lang|fr|Sur les inégalités séculaires des moyens mouvements des planètes}} and {{Lang|fr|Sur la variation des constantes arbitraires dans les questions de mécanique}} in the ''Journal'' of the [[École Polytechnique]], extending [[Lagrange]]'s theory of [[planetary orbit]]s.

==Biology==
* [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]] publishes ''[[Philosophie Zoologique]]'', outlining his theory of [[evolution]].
* [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link]] first describes ''[[Penicillium]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Link|first=J. H. F.|title=Observationes in ordines plantarum naturales. Dissertatio I|journal=Magazin der Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde Berlin|year=1809|volume=3|pages=3–42|language=Latin|url=http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/en/dms/loader/img/?PID=PPN608227714_0003&physid=PHYS_0031}}</ref>

==Geology==
* [[William Maclure]] publishes the first [[geological map]] of the [[United States]] with accompanying memoir.<ref name=tt/><ref>{{cite journal|title=Observations on the Geology of the United States explanatory of a Geological Map|journal=Transactions of the [[American Philosophical Society]]|volume=4|year=1809|page=91}}</ref>

==Mathematics==
* [[Louis Poinsot]] describes the two remaining [[Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra]].

==Medicine==
* December 25 – [[United States|American]] [[physician]] [[Ephraim McDowell]] performs the world's first [[ovariotomy]], the removal of an [[Ovary|ovarian]] tumor.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Ephraim McDowell The Qualities of a Good Surgeon|journal=[[Annals of Surgery]]|first=H. Biemann|last=Othersen|pages=648–650|pmid=15082968|doi=10.1097/01.sla.0000124382.04128.5a|volume=239|issue=5|pmc=1356272 |date=May 2004}}</ref>
* [[Philippe Pinel]] publishes accounts of what would later be regarded as [[schizophrenia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Heinrichs|first=R. W.|title=Historical origins of schizophrenia: two early madmen and their illness|journal=Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences|volume=39|pages=349–63|year=2003|pmid=14601041|doi=10.1002/jhbs.10152|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Technology==
* February 11 – [[Robert Fulton]] [[patent]]s the [[steamboat]] in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat|title=Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in 1809|work=Thinkfinity|publisher=Verizon|accessdate=2011-04-15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110724093727/http://www.thinkfinity.org/2011-02-11_Fulton-patents-steamboat|archive-date=2011-07-24|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayinsci.com/F/Fulton_Robert/FultonPatents.htm|title=The Fulton Patents|work=Today in Science History|accessdate=2011-04-15}}</ref>
* May 5 – [[Mary Kies]] becomes one of the first women granted a U.S. patent, for a technique of weaving [[straw hat]]s with [[silk]] and [[Yarn|thread]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blkeis.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710071938/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blkeis.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 10, 2012|title=Mary Kies - Patenting Pioneer|accessdate=2007-05-14|work=About.com}}</ref>
* [[Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring]] invents a water [[voltameter]] [[electrical telegraph]].<ref name=tt/>
* [[William Hyde Wollaston]] invents the reflecting [[goniometer]].

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Edward Troughton]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* January 4 – [[Louis Braille]] (died [[1852 in science|1852]]), French [[inventor]].
* January 6 – [[Marie Durocher]] (died [[1893 in science|1893]]), Brazilian physician.
* February 12 – [[Charles Darwin]] (died [[1882 in science|1882]]), English [[Natural history|naturalist]].
* February 15 – [[Cyrus McCormick]] (died [[1884 in science|1884]]), American inventor.
* February 21 – [[Carl Ernst Bock]] (died [[1874 in science|1874]]), German [[physician]] and [[anatomist]].
* April 7 – [[James Glaisher]] (died [[1903 in science|1903]]), English [[meteorologist]] and balloonist.
* April 15 – [[Hermann Grassmann]] (died [[1877 in science|1877]]), German [[mathematician]].
* April 20 – [[James David Forbes]] (died [[1868 in science|1868]]), Scottish physicist, glaciologist and seismologist.
* August 29 – [[Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.]] (died [[1894 in science|1894]]), American physician and writer.
* November 22 – [[Bénédict Morel]] (died [[1873 in science|1873]]), French [[psychiatrist]].
* Date unknown – [[William Lobb]] (died [[1864 in science|1864]]), English plant collector.

==Deaths==
* May 17 – [[Leopold Auenbrugger]] (born [[1722 in science|1722]]), Austrian physician.
* August 18 – [[Matthew Boulton]] (born [[1728 in science|1728]]), English mechanical engineer.
* October 11 – [[Meriwether Lewis]] (born [[1774 in science|1774]]), American explorer.
* December 16 – [[Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy]] (born [[1755 in science|1755]]), French chemist.
* December 29 – [[Thomas Barker (meteorologist)|Thomas Barker]] (born 1722), English meteorologist.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1809 in science| ]]
[[Category:19th century in science]]
[[Category:1800s in science]]