Editing 1819 in science

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{{Science year nav|1819}}

The year '''1819 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy and space science==
* [[Johann Franz Encke]] computes the orbit of [[Comet Encke]], identifying it as [[List of periodic comets|periodic]].
* July 1 – [[Johann Georg Tralles]] discovers the [[Great Comet of 1819]], (C/1819 N1). It is the first comet analyzed using [[polarimetry]], by [[François Arago]].

==Chemistry==
* [[Joseph Bienaimé Caventou]] and [[Pierre Joseph Pelletier]] isolate the [[alkaloid]] [[brucine]] from ''[[Strychnos nux-vomica]]''.

==Exploration==
* February 19 – Captain [[William Smith (mariner)|William Smith]] in British merchant brig ''Williams'' sights [[Williams Point]], the northeast extremity of [[Livingston Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands|South Shetlands]], the first land discovered south of [[latitude]] 60° S.
* October 15 – [[Desolation Island (South Shetland Islands)|Desolation Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands]] of the [[Antarctic]] is discovered by Captain [[William Smith (mariner)|William Smith]] in the ''Williams''.
* A British [[Arctic]] expedition under [[William Edward Parry]] comprising [[HMS Hecla (1815)|HMS ''Hecla'']] and [[HMS Griper (1813)|HMS ''Griper'']] reaches [[longitude]] 112°51' W in the [[Northwest Passage]], the furthest west which will be attained by any single-season voyage for 150 years.<ref>''Journal of a Voyage to Discover a North-west Passage''. 1821.</ref>

==Geology==
* [[George Bellas Greenough|G. B. Greenough]] publishes his book ''[[iarchive:acriticalexamin00greegoog|A critical examination of the first principles of geology in a series of essays]]'' in London.

==Medicine==
* August – [[René Laennec]] publishes ''De l’Auscultation Médiate ou Traité du Diagnostic des Maladies des Poumons et du Coeur'' in [[Paris]], describing his invention of the [[stethoscope]].
* English physician [[John Bostock (physician)|John Bostock]] publishes the first account of [[allergic rhinitis]] (in himself).<ref>Bostock, John. "Case of a Periodical Affection of the Eyes and Chest", presented to [[Medical and Chirurgical Society of London]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The History of Allergy|publisher=Auckland Allergy Clinic|date=December 2001|url=http://www.allergyclinic.co.nz/guides/39.html|accessdate=2014-07-03|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014035353/http://www.allergyclinic.co.nz/guides/39.html|archivedate=2008-10-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=John Bostock: The man who 'discovered' hay fever|first=Justin|last=Parkinson|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28038630|date=2014-07-01|accessdate=2014-07-03}}</ref>
* French physician [[Pierre Amable Jean-Baptiste Trannoy]] publishes one of the first epidemiology treatises in France: ''Traité élémentaire des maladies épidémiques ou populaires à l'usage des officiers de santé'' (''Elementary Treatise on Epidemic or Popular Diseases for the use of health officers'').<ref name="Trannoy">{{cite book|first=Pierre Amable Jean Baptiste|last=Trannoy|title=Traité élémentaire des maladies épidémiques ou populaires |location=Amiens |publisher=Ledien-Canda |date=1819 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RDhbAAAAcAAJ&q=%22Pierre+Amable+Jean-Baptiste+Trannoy+%22|access-date=5 March 2021 |language=fr}}</ref>

==Technology==
* May 22 – {{SS|Savannah}} leaves port at [[Savannah, Georgia]] on a voyage to become the first [[steamship]] to cross the [[Atlantic Ocean]], although only a fraction of the trip is made under steam. The ship arrives at  [[Liverpool, England]], on June 20.
* Invention of the [[John H. Hall (soldier)#M1819 Hall rifles|M1819]] breech-loading [[flintlock]] using [[interchangeable parts]] by Captain [[John H. Hall (soldier)|John H. Hall]] of [[Harpers Ferry Armory]] in the [[United States]].

==Institutions==
* [[Cambridge Philosophical Society]] founded as a scientific society at the [[University of Cambridge]] in England.

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: Not awarded<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* March 24 – [[Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs]] (died [[1885 in science|1885]]), German medical [[pathologist]].
* May 3 (O.S. April 21) – Nikolai Annenkov (died [[1889 in science|1889]]), Russian [[botanist]].
* June 5 – [[John Couch Adams]] (died [[1892 in science|1892]]), Cornish-born [[mathematician]] and [[astronomer]].
* July 17 – [[Eunice Newton Foote]] (died [[1888 in science|1888]]), American physicist and women's rights campaigner.
* July 28 – [[Thomas Evans Blackwell]] (died [[1863 in science|1863]]), English civil and hydraulic engineer.
* August 9 – [[William T. G. Morton]] (died [[1868 in science|1868]]), American dentist.
* August 13 – [[George Gabriel Stokes]] (died [[1903 in science|1903]]), Irish-born mathematician and [[physicist]].
* September 18 – [[Léon Foucault]] (died [[1868 in science|1868]]), French physicist.
* September 23 – [[Hippolyte Fizeau]] (died [[1896 in science|1896]]), French physicist.

==Deaths==
* January – [[Elsa Beata Bunge]] (born [[1734 in science|1734]]), Swedish [[botanist]]
* August 19 – [[James Watt]] (born [[1736 in science|1736]]), Scottish [[inventor]], [[mechanical engineer]] and [[mathematician]]<ref>{{cite web |title=James Watt {{!}} Biography, Inventions, Steam Engine, Significance, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Watt |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=14 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* November 22 – [[John Stackhouse (botanist)|John Stackhouse]] (born [[1742 in science|1742]]), English botanist

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1819 in science| ]]
[[Category:19th century in science]]
[[Category:1810s in science]]