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1822 in science
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> {{Year nav topic5|1822|science}} {{Science year nav|1822}} The year '''1822 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below. ==Biology== * "''[[Rostock]]er [[Pfeilstorch]]''", a [[white stork]], is found in northern Germany with an arrow from central Africa through its neck, demonstrating the fact of [[bird migration]]. ==Geology== * [[Georges Cuvier]] establishes new standards and methods in [[stratigraphy]] and [[paleontology]]. * [[Gideon Mantell]] discovers the first [[fossil]] of the [[iguanodon]]. * [[John Phillips (geologist)|John Phillips]] and [[William Conybeare (geologist)|William Conybeare]] identify the [[Carboniferous]] Period. * [[Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy]] identifies the [[Cretaceous]] Period. He also proposes the [[Jurassic]] System. ==Mathematics== * July 3 – [[Charles Babbage]] publishes a proposal for a "[[difference engine]]", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer for calculating [[logarithm]]s and [[Trigonometry|trigonometric]] functions. Construction of an operational version will proceed under British Government sponsorship 1823–32 but it will never be completed.<ref>{{cite book|first=Anthony|last=Hyman|author-link=R. Anthony Hyman|title=[[Charles Babbage: Pioneer of the Computer]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=1982|isbn=0-19-858170-X|page=51ff}}</ref> * [[Karl Feuerbach]] describes the [[nine-point circle]] of a [[triangle]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas You Really Need to Know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|page=85}}</ref> * [[William Farish (chemist)|William Farish]] of the [[University of Cambridge]] publishes a systematization of the rules for [[Isometric projection|isometric drawing]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=William|last=Farish|title=On Isometrical Perspective|journal=Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society|volume=1|year=1822|pages=1–19|url=http://dbooks.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/books/PDFs/N12657793.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2012-05-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Barclay G.|last=Jones|year=1986|title=Protecting historic architecture and museum collections from natural disasters|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=University of Michigan|isbn=0-409-90035-4|page=243}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Charles Edmund|last=Moorhouse|year=1974|title=Visual messages: graphic communication for senior students}}</ref> ==Medicine== * [[United States Army]] [[surgeon]] [[William Beaumont]] pioneers human [[gastric]] [[endoscopy]] on [[Alexis St. Martin]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Beaumont|first=William|last2=Combe|first2=Andrew|authorlink2=Andrew Combe|title=Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and the Physiology of Digestion|publisher=MacLachlan & Stewart|location=Edinburgh|year=1838|edition=reprint|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6F4_9joRkgC|isbn=0-486-69213-2|accessdate=2010-09-06}}</ref> * Scottish surgeon [[John Henry Wishart]] gives the first description in England of [[neurofibromatosis type II]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wishart|first=J. H.|date=1822-07-01|title=Case of Tumours in the Skull, Dura Mater, and Brain|journal=Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal|volume=18|issue=72|pages=393–397|issn=0963-4932|pmc=5828850|pmid=30332030}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ramsden|first=R. T.|last2=Birch|first2=J. M.|last3=Evans|first3=D. G. R.|date=1999-12-01|title=Paediatric presentation of type 2 neurofibromatosis|url= |journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood|language=en|volume=81|issue=6|pages=496–499|doi=10.1136/adc.81.6.496|issn=0003-9888|pmid=10569966|pmc=1718148}}</ref> ==Physics== * [[Navier–Stokes equations]] in [[fluid dynamics]] first formulated. ==Technology== * May 23 – HMS ''Comet'' launched at [[Deptford Dockyard]] in the [[United Kingdom]], the first [[steamboat]] commissioned by the [[Royal Navy]]. * June 10 – The ''[[Aaron Manby]]'' crosses the [[English Channel]], making her the first seagoing iron steamboat. * [[France|French]] civil engineer [[Louis Vicat]] completes construction of a concrete viaduct across the [[Dordogne (river)|Dordogne]] at [[Souillac, Lot]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Chronologie scientifique, technologique et économique de la France|first1=Danièle|last1=Clermontel|first2=Jean-Claude|last2=Clermontel|location=Paris|publisher=Publibook|year=2009|page=241}}</ref> ==Events== * September 11 – [[Galileo Galilei|Galileo]]'s ''[[Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems]]'' ([[1632]]) is permitted by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] to be published. ==Awards== * June 12 – [[Edward Banks (builder)|Edward Banks]] [[knighted]], the first such honour for work in [[civil engineering]].<ref>{{cite web|first=M. H.|last=Port|title=Banks, Sir Edward (1770–1835)|work=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1294|accessdate=2010-10-31|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/1294}} {{ODNBsub}}</ref> * [[Copley Medal]]: [[William Buckland]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ==Births== * January 2 – [[Rudolf Clausius]], German physicist (died [[1888 in science|1888]]) * January 6 – [[Heinrich Schliemann]], German [[archaeologist]] (died [[1890 in science|1890]]) * January 12 – [[Étienne Lenoir]], Belgian mechanical engineer (died [[1900 in science|1900]]) * February 16 – Sir [[Francis Galton]], English explorer, biologist (died [[1911 in science|1911]]) * April 18 – [[August Heinrich Petermann]], German cartographer (died [[1878 in science|1878]]) * June 10 – [[Lydia White Shattuck]], American botanist (died [[1889 in science|1889]]) * July 22 – [[Gregor Mendel]], Silesian geneticist (died [[1884 in science|1884]]) * October 13 (O.S. October 1) – [[Lev Tsenkovsky]], Polish-Ukrainian biologist (died [[1887 in science|1887]]) * December 27 – [[Louis Pasteur]], French biologist (died [[1895 in science|1895]]) ==Deaths== * January 21 – [[Marie-Aimée Lullin]], Swiss entomologist (born [[1751]]) * February 23 – [[Johann Matthäus Bechstein]], German [[naturalist]] (born [[1757 in science|1757]]) * June 23 – [[René Just Haüy]], French [[mineralogist]] (born [[1743 in science|1743]]) * August 13 – [[Jean-Robert Argand]], Swiss-born mathematician (born [[1768 in science|1768]]) * August 25 – [[William Herschel]], German-born British astronomer (born [[1738 in science|1738]]) * November 6 – [[Claude Louis Berthollet]], French chemist (born [[1748 in science|1748]]) ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:1822 in science| ]] [[Category:19th century in science]] [[Category:1820s in science]]
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