Editing 1826 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1826|science}}
{{Science year nav|1826}}

The year '''1826 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy==
* [[Mary Somerville]] presents a paper on "The Magnetic Properties of the Violet Rays of the Solar Spectrum" to the [[Royal Society]] in London.

==Chemistry==
* [[Otto Unverdorben]] first isolates [[aniline]], by [[destructive distillation]] of [[indigo]];<ref>{{cite journal|title=Ueber das Verhalten der organischen Körper in höheren Temperaturen|trans-title=On the behaviour of organic substances at high temperatures|first=Otto|last=Unverdorben|journal=Annalen der Physik und Chemie|volume=8|pages=397–410|year=1826|url=https://zenodo.org/records/1423512/files/article.pdf|doi=10.1002/andp.18260841109|bibcode=1826AnP....84..397U|issue=11}}</ref> he calls it ''Crystallin''.
* [[Antoine Jerome Balard]] isolates [[bromine]].
* [[Pierre Jean Robiquet]] isolates the dye [[alizarin]].<ref>Robiquet, Pierre-Jean; Colin, Jean-Jacques (1826). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=uLk3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA407 Sur un nouveau principe immédiat des vègétaux (l’alizarin) obtenu de la garance]" [On a new substance from plants (alizarin) obtained from madder]. ''Journal de pharmacie et des sciences accessoires'' 2nd series, '''12''':407–412; Colin, Jean-Jacques; Robiquet, Pierre-Jean (1827). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=JZU5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA225 Nouvelles recherches sur la matierè colorante de la garance]" [New research into the coloring material of madder]. ''Annales de chimie et de physique'' 2nd series, '''34''':225–253.</ref>
* [[Michael Faraday]] determines the chemical formula of [[naphthalene]].

==Exploration==
* May 22 – {{HMS|Beagle}} departs on her first voyage from [[Plymouth]] for a [[Hydrography|hydrographic]] survey of the [[Patagonia]] and [[Tierra del Fuego]] regions of South America.
* [[Hyacinthe de Bougainville]] completes a three-year global [[circumnavigation]].

==Mathematics==
* ''[[Crelle's Journal|Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik]]'' is founded by [[August Leopold Crelle]] in [[Berlin]].
* February 23 – [[Nikolai Lobachevsky]] first presents his system of [[non-Euclidean geometry|non-Euclidean]] [[hyperbolic geometry]].

==Physiology and medicine==
* [[Johannes Peter Müller]] publishes his first important works, ''Zur vergleichenden Physiologie des Gesichtsinns'' ("On the comparative physiology of sight", [[Leipzig]]) and ''Über die phantastischen Gesichtserscheinungen'' ("On visual hallucination", [[Coblenz]]), making a first statement of the [[law of specific nerve energies]].

==Technology==
* January 30 – The [[Menai Suspension Bridge]], built by engineer [[Thomas Telford]], is opened between the island of [[Anglesey]] and the mainland of [[Wales]].<ref name="Rolt,Telford">{{cite book|first=L. T. C.|last=Rolt|authorlink=L. T. C. Rolt|title=Thomas Telford|url=https://archive.org/details/thomastelford00rolt|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Longmans, Green|year=1958}}</ref>
* April 1 – [[Americans|American]] inventor [[Samuel Morey]] [[patent]]s a compressionless [[internal combustion engine]] in the United States.<ref>{{US patent|X4378|X4,378 Gas Or Vapor Engine}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Samuel Morey and his atmospheric engine|first=Horst O.|last=Hardenberg|location=Warrendale, Pa.|publisher=[[Society of Automotive Engineers]]|year=1992|series=SP-922|isbn=1-56091-240-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Maurer |first=Leon |title=The Unsolved Mystery of Samuel Morey |url=https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/lnmaurer/web/SamuelMorey.htm |accessdate=2013-11-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103021201/https://mywebspace.wisc.edu/lnmaurer/web/SamuelMorey.htm |archivedate=2013-11-03 }}</ref>
* June – [[Nicéphore Niépce]] produces the first photograph, [[View from the Window at Le Gras]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/|title=The First Photograph|publisher=Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin|accessdate=2013-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227215421/http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/wfp/|archive-date=2009-12-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Benoit Fourneyron]] develops an efficient outward-flow [[water turbine]].
* James Sharp of [[Northampton]] in England patents a practical form of [[gas stove]].

==Zoology==
* [[Karl Ernst von Baer]] discovers the mammalian [[ovum]].<ref>Reported as "Ovi Mammalium et Hominis genesi" to the [[Russian Academy of Sciences|Imperial Academy of Sciences]] in [[Saint Petersburg]] in 1827 (published at Leipzig).</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Alexander|last=Petrunkevitch|title=Russia's Contribution to Science|journal=Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences|volume=23|year=1920|page=236}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allpersona.ru/people/72032.html|title=Биография Бэр Карл Максимович|work=AllPersona.Ru|accessdate=2011-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319143038/http://www.allpersona.ru/people/72032.html|archivedate=2008-03-19}}</ref>
* The [[Austria]]n zoologist Johann Nepomuk Meyer first describes the [[Asiatic lion]] under the [[scientific name|name]] ''Felis leo persicus''.<ref>Meyer, J. N. (1826). ''Dissertatio inauguralis anatomico-medica de genere felium''. Doctoral thesis, University of Vienna.</ref>
* The [[Zoological Society of London]] is founded by Sir [[Thomas Stamford Raffles]].

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[James South]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* January 15 – [[Marie Pasteur]] (died [[1910 in science|1910]]), French chemist.
* May 26 – [[Richard Christopher Carrington|Richard Carrington]] (died [[1875 in science|1875]]), [[English people|English]] [[astronomer]].
* June 26 – [[Morgan Crofton]] (died [[1915 in science|1915]]), [[Irish people|Irish]] [[mathematician]].
* July 7 – [[John Fowler (agricultural engineer)|John Fowler]] (died [[1864 in science|1864]]), English [[agricultural engineer]].
* July 13 – [[Stanislao Cannizzaro]] (died [[1910 in science|1910]]), [[Italian people|Italian]] [[chemist]].
* August 21 – [[Carl Gegenbaur]] (died [[1903 in science|1903]]), [[Germans|German]] [[anatomist]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gegenbaur, Carl (1826-1903)  |url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb103532093 |website=catalogue.bnf.fr |publisher=Bibliothèque Nationale de France |access-date=6 February 2021 |language=fr}}</ref>
* September 17 – [[Bernhard Riemann]] (died [[1866 in science|1866]]), German mathematician.
* October 8 – [[Emily Blackwell]] (died 1910), American physician.
* [[Alphonse de Polignac]] (died [[1863 in science|1863]]), French mathematician.

==Deaths==
* January 3 – [[Marie Le Masson Le Golft]] (born [[1750 in science|1750]]), French naturalist. 
* January 6 – [[John Farey Sr.|John Farey]] (born [[1766 in science|1766]]), English [[geologist]].
* March 28 - [[Jean-Baptiste Dumangin]] (born [[1744 in science|1744]]), French physician.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Corlieu |first1=Auguste |title=Le docteur Dumangin de Château-Thierry et le cœur de Louis XVII |journal=Annales de la Société historique et archéologique de Château-Thierry |date=1901 |pages=103–107 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k445664k/f118.item.r=DUMANGIN |language=fr}}</ref>
* June 7 – [[Joseph von Fraunhofer]] (born [[1787 in science|1787]]), German [[physicist]].
* June 30 - [[Clément Joseph Tissot]] (born [[1747 in science|1747]]), French physician and [[Physical therapy|physiotherapist]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tissot, Clément-Joseph (1747-1826)  |url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124625398 |website=catalogue.bnf.fr |publisher=Bibliothèque Nationale de France |access-date=6 February 2021 |language=fr}}</ref>
* July 4 – [[Thomas Jefferson]] (born [[1743 in science|1743]]), [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father]] and 3rd [[List of Presidents of the United States|President of the United States]] and inventor.
* July 22 – [[Giuseppe Piazzi]] (born [[1746 in science|1746]]), Italian [[astronomer]].
* August 13 - [[René Laennec]] (born [[1781 in science|1781]]), French physician and [[musician]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Laennec, René-Théophile-Hyacinthe (1781-1826) |url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12462982h |website=catalogue.bnf.fr |publisher=Bibliothèque Nationale de France |access-date=6 February 2021 |language=fr}}</ref>
* September 6 - [[Andrea Vaccà Berlinghieri]] (born [[1772 in science|1772]]), Italian surgeon.<ref>{{WhoNamedIt|doctor|1762|Andrea Vaccà Berlinghieri}}</ref>
* October 25 – [[Philippe Pinel]] (born [[1745 in science|1745]]), [[French people|French]] [[psychiatrist]].
* November 23 – [[Johann Elert Bode]] (born [[1747 in science|1747]]), German astronomer.
* November 24 - [[Clarke Abel]] (born [[1780 in science|1780]]), British surgeon and [[natural history|naturalist]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Abel, Clarke (1789-1826) |url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb10230696n |website=catalogue.bnf.fr |publisher=Bibliothèque Nationale de France |access-date=6 February 2021 |language=fr}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1826 in science| ]]
[[Category:19th century in science]]
[[Category:1820s in science]]