Editing 1830 in science

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{{Science year nav|1830}}

The year '''1830 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy==
* March 16 – Great Comet of 1830 (C/1830 F1, 1830 I) first observed in [[Mauritius]].
* [[Johann Heinrich Mädler]] and [[Wilhelm Beer]] produce the first map of the surface of Mars.

==Biology==
[[File:Lyell Principles frontispiece.jpg|220px|thumb|right|Frontispiece of Lyell's ''Principles of Geology'']]
* [[Charles Bell]] publishes his ''Nervous System of the Human Body''.
* [[William Jackson Hooker]] commences publication of ''The British Flora''.

==Exploration==
* October 14 – {{HMS|Beagle}} returns to England from her first voyage, a [[Hydrography|hydrographic]] survey of the [[Patagonia]] and [[Tierra del Fuego]] regions of South America.
* [[Southern Ocean Expedition]] – [[John Biscoe]] sets out from England on an expedition to find new seal-hunting grounds in the [[Southern Ocean]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antarcticaonline.com/antarctica/history/history.htm |title=Antarctic History, antarcticaonline.com |access-date=2007-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810023151/http://www.antarcticaonline.com/antarctica/history/history.htm |archive-date=10 August 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Geology==
* [[Charles Lyell]] publishes the first volume of his ''[[Principles of Geology]], being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation''.

==Medicine==
* [[Thomas Southwood Smith]] publishes the standard textbook ''A Treatise on Fever'' in [[London]].
* Approximate date – The chain [[osteotome]], a form of [[chainsaw]], is invented by German orthopaedist [[Bernhard Heine]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Heine|first=Bernhard|editor-last=Wakley|editor-first=Thomas|editor-link=Thomas Wakley|title=New Instrument Called the Osteotome Designed for the Ablation of Bones|date=1834-09-27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pj9PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA129|journal=[[The Lancet]]|location=London|volume=1|pages=127–133}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Dorothy M.|last1=Schullian|last2=Seufert|first2=Wolf D.|year=1980|title=The Chain Osteotome by Heine|journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences|volume=XXXV|issue=4|pages=454–459|doi=10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454 |pmid=7005321 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Peltier|first=Leonard F.|title=Orthopedics: History and Iconography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYXel4RXuU8C&pg=PA37|accessdate=2012-12-02|year=1993|publisher=Norman Publishing|isbn=9780930405472|pages=37–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Tillmanns|first=Hermann|title=The principles of surgery and surgical pathology: general rules governing operations and the application of dressings|url=https://archive.org/details/principlessurge00tillgoog|accessdate=2012-12-02|year=1895|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|pages=[https://archive.org/details/principlessurge00tillgoog/page/n98 84]–}}</ref>

==Technology==
* July 13 – [[John Ruggles]] is granted [[United States]] [[patent]] [https://patents.google.com/patent/US1 No. 1], for applying [[rack railway]] equipment to the "Locomotive steam-engine for rail and other roads".
* August 31 – [[Edwin Beard Budding|Edwin Budding]] is granted a [[United Kingdom]] patent for the [[lawnmower]].
* [[Aeneas Coffey]] is granted a United Kingdom patent for an improved [[column still]].
* [[Eaton Hodgkinson]] publishes his pioneering paper on the optimum [[Cross section (geometry)|cross section]] for [[cast iron]] [[beam (structure)|structural beam]]s.<ref>"Theoretical and Experimental Researches to Ascertain the strength and best forms of Iron beams". ''Memoirs of the [[Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society]]'' 2nd ser. '''5''':407-544.</ref>
* Stephen H. Long designs the [[Truss bridge#Long truss|Long truss]] wooden bridge.

==Institutions==
* [[Royal Geographical Society|Geographical Society of London]] established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rgs.org/aboutus/history.htm|title=History of the Society|publisher=Royal Geographical Society|access-date=2023-02-25}}</ref>

==Publications==
* [[Charles Babbage]] publishes ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3bgPAAAAMAAJ&q=charles+babbage Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of Its Causes]''.
* [[Auguste Comte]] begins publication of his ''[[Course of Positive Philosophy]] (Cours de Philosophie Positive)''.

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: not awarded<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* March 5  – [[Étienne-Jules Marey]] (died [[1904 in science|1904]]), French [[physiologist]].
* March 5 – [[Charles Wyville Thomson]] (died [[1882 in science|1882]]), Scottish [[Marine biology|marine biologist]].
* April 21 &ndash; [[Clémence Royer]] (died [[1902 in science|1902]]), French anthropologist.
* May 10 – [[François-Marie Raoult]] (died [[1901 in science|1901]]), French [[chemist]].
* May 11 (April 29 [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]) – [[Emanoil Bacaloglu]] (died [[1891 in science|1891]]), Romanian [[polymath]].
* August 19 – [[Lothar Meyer]] (died [[1895 in science|1895]]), German chemist.
* September 7 – [[Mary Treat]] (died [[1923 in science|1923]]), American naturalist.
* October 24 – [[Marianne North]] (died [[1890 in science|1890]]), English [[botanist]].
* November 20 – [[Sigismond Jaccoud]] (died [[1913 in science|1913]]), Swiss [[physician]].

==Deaths==
* March 2 – [[Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring]] (born [[1755 in science|1755]]), German [[physician]], [[anatomist]], [[paleontologist]] and [[inventor]].
* March 29 – [[James Rennell]] (born [[1742 in science|1742]]), English [[cartographer]] and [[oceanographer]].
* May 16 – [[Joseph Fourier]] (born [[1768 in science|1768]]), French [[mathematician]].
* August 24 – [[Louis Pierre Vieillot]] (born [[1748 in science|1748]]), French [[ornithologist]].
* [[Clelia Durazzo Grimaldi]] (born [[1760 in science|1760]]), Italian botanist.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1830 in science| ]]
[[Category:19th century in science]]
[[Category:1830s in science]]