Editing 1832 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1832|science}}
{{Science year nav|1832}}

The year '''1832 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Biology==
* Dr. [[Thomas Bell (zoologist)|Thomas Bell]] begins publication of ''A Monograph of the Testudinata'', the first comprehensive study of the world's [[turtle]]s.
* [[Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] begins publication of ''Histoire générale et particulière des anomalies de l'organisation chez l'homme et les animaux'', a key text on [[teratology]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Isidore|volume=11|page=619}}</ref>

==Chemistry==
* [[Pierre Jean Robiquet]] isolates the [[analgesic]] [[codeine]].
* Friedrich Wöhler and Justus von Liebig discover and explain [[functional group]]s and [[radical (chemistry)|radicals]] in relation to organic chemistry.<ref name="CHF">{{cite web | url = https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/justus-von-liebig-and-friedrich-w%C3%B6hler | title = Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler | work = Science History Institute }}</ref><ref name=Bowden>{{cite book|last1=Bowden|first1=Mary Ellen|title=Chemical achievers: the human face of the chemical sciences|url=https://archive.org/details/chemicalachiever0000bowd|url-access=registration|date=1997|publisher=Chemical Heritage Foundation|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=9780941901123|chapter=Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chemicalachiever0000bowd/page/83 83–87]}}</ref>
* [[Pittacal]] was discovered by German chemist [[Carl Ludwig Reichenbach]].

==Exploration==
* April 21 – [[Cyrille Pierre Théodore Laplace]] completes a four-year global [[circumnavigation]].

==Mathematics==
* [[Évariste Galois]] presents a general condition for the solvability of [[algebra|algebraic equations]], thereby essentially founding [[group theory]] and [[Galois theory]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|page=152}}</ref> On May 29, the eve of a duel from which he will die, he writes his "mathematical testament", a letter to [[Auguste Chevalier]]. 
* [[Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]] proves [[Fermat's Last Theorem]] for ''n'' = 14.
* [[János Bolyai]]'s system of [[non-Euclidean geometry]] is first published.<ref>As an appendix to a mathematics textbook by his father, [[Farkas Bolyai]], published in [[Târgu Mureș|Maros Vásárhelyini]].</ref>

==Medicine==
* February 12 – In [[England]], a [[second cholera pandemic]] begins to spread, starting from the [[East End of London]]. It is declared officially over in early May but deaths continue. It will claim at least 3000 victims.<!-- according to 1832 article --> In [[Liverpool]], [[Kitty Wilkinson]] becomes the "Saint of the Slums"<ref>{{cite web|title='Slum Saint' honoured with statue|date=4 February 2010|work=[[BBC News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/8499533.stm| accessdate=9 April 2011 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> by promoting hygiene.<ref>{{citation|title=Memoir of Kitty Wilkinson of Liverpool, 1786-1860|first=Herbert R.|last=Rathbone|publisher=H. Young & Sons|year=1927}}</ref>
* July 19 – [[Anatomy Act 1832|Anatomy Act]] in the [[United Kingdom]] provides for licensing and inspection of [[anatomist]]s, and for unclaimed bodies from public institutions to be available for their dissection.
* [[Sir James Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baronet|Dr James Kay]] publishes ''[[The moral and physical condition of the working-class employed in the cotton manufacture in Manchester]]''.
* [[Thomas Hodgkin]] first describes abnormalities in the [[lymph system]] later known as [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hellman|first=S.|editor=Hoppe, R. T.|editor2=Mauch, P. T.|editor3=Armitage, J. O.|editor4=Diehl, V.|editor5=Weiss, L. M.|title=Hodgkin Lymphoma|chapter=Brief Consideration of Thomas Hodgkin and His Times|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|year=2007|edition=2nd|pages=3–6|isbn=978-0-7817-6422-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=On some morbid experiences of the absorbent glands and spleen|last=Hodgkin|first=T.|journal=Medico-Chirurgical Transactions|location=London|volume=17|pages=69–97|year=1832}}</ref>

==Oceanography==
* [[James Rennell]]'s ''An Investigation of the Currents of the Atlantic Ocean, and of those which prevail between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic'' is published posthumously by his daughter. It will not be significantly superseded for more than a century.<ref>{{cite web|title=James Rennell – the father of oceanography|url=http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/JRD/history/rennell.php|publisher=National Oceanography Centre, James Rennell Division for Ocean Circulation and Climate|location=Southampton|year=2009|accessdate=2011-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516035320/http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/JRD/history/rennell.php|archive-date=2011-05-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Physics==
* [[Michael Faraday]] states his laws of electrolysis.
* c. December – Following a paper by Faraday, Belgian physicist [[Joseph Plateau]] and Austrian professor of practical geometry [[Simon Stampfer]] simultaneously and independently devise the [[phenakistiscope]], an [[animation]] device creating an optical illusion of motion.

==Psychology==
* [[Swiss people|Swiss]] [[Crystallography|crystallographer]] [[Louis Albert Necker]] first publishes the [[optical illusion]] which becomes known as the [[Necker cube]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Necker|first=L. A.|year=1832|title=Observations on some remarkable optical phaenomena seen in Switzerland; and on an optical phaenomenon which occurs on viewing a figure of a crystal or geometrical solid|journal=London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science|volume=1|issue=5|pages=329–337|doi=10.1080/14786443208647909|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1430991}}</ref>

==Technology==
* The first commutator DC [[electric motor]], capable of turning machinery, is demonstrated by [[William Sturgeon]] in London.
* The first drum-type [[rotary printing press]] is completed by anarchist [[Josiah Warren]] in New York.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bailie|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/josiahwarrenfirs00bailiala/mode/2up|title=Josiah Warren, the First American Anarchist: A Sociological Study|publisher=Small, Maynard & Co|year=1906|location=Boston|chapter=X. Inventions in Printing}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Butler|first=Ann|year=1978|title=Josiah Warren, peaceful revolutionist |url=http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/handle/175361|journal=Virtual Press|access-date=2021-09-29|archive-date=2021-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929204844/https://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/handle/handle/175361|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=16. Josiah Warren|url=http://libcom.org/library/16-josiah-warren|access-date=2021-09-29|website=libcom.org|archive-date=2021-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929190723/http://libcom.org/library/16-josiah-warren|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wilbur|first=Shawn P.|date=2017-07-20|title=Josiah Warren, "Reduction in the Cost of Printing Apparatus" (1830)|url=https://www.libertarian-labyrinth.org/uncategorized/josiah-warren-reduction-in-the-cost-of-printing-apparatus-1830/|access-date=2021-09-29|website=The Libertarian Labyrinth|archive-date=2021-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929190714/https://www.libertarian-labyrinth.org/uncategorized/josiah-warren-reduction-in-the-cost-of-printing-apparatus-1830/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Josiah Warren's Universal Typography|url=https://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/warren1.html|access-date=2021-09-29|website=faculty.evansville.edu|archive-date=2021-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929190725/https://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/bstud/warren1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Reece|first=Erik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKpnCwAAQBAJ|title=Utopia Drive: A Road Trip through America's Most Radical Idea|publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux|year=2016|isbn=978-0-374-10657-7|edition=1st|location=New York|chapter=A Simple Act of Moral Commerce|lccn=2015041553|access-date=2022-03-25|archive-date=2022-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325182323/https://books.google.com/books?id=jKpnCwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Michael Faraday]]; [[Siméon Poisson]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=22 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Births==
* June 17 – [[William Crookes]] (died [[1919 in science|1919]]), [[English people|English]] [[chemist]] and [[physicist]].
* August 16 – [[Wilhelm Wundt]] (died [[1920 in science|1920]]), [[Germans|German]] [[physiologist]] and [[psychologist]].
* September 26 – [[Zsófia Torma]] (died [[1899 in science|1899]]), Hungarian archaeologist, anthropologist and paleontologist.
* October 4 – [[Thorborg Rappe]] (died [[1902 in science|1902]]), Swedish pioneer in the education of students with Intellectual disability.
* December 12 – [[Ludwig Sylow]] (died [[1918 in science|1918]]), Norwegian [[mathematician]].
* December 15 – [[Gustave Eiffel]] (died [[1923 in science|1923]]), [[French people|French]] [[structural engineer]].

==Deaths==
* May 13 – [[Georges Cuvier]] (born [[1769 in science|1769]]), French [[zoologist]].
* May 31 – [[Évariste Galois]] (born [[1811 in science|1811]]), French [[mathematician]].
* August 24 – [[Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot]] (born [[1796 in science|1796]]), French mathematician
* September 2 – [[Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach]] (born [[1754 in science|1754]]), Hungarian [[astronomer]].
* October 31 – [[Antonio Scarpa]] (born [[1752 in science|1752]]), [[Italians|Italian]] [[anatomist]].
* November 8 – [[Marie-Jeanne de Lalande]] (born [[1768 in science|1768]]), French astronomer.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1832 in science| ]]
[[Category:19th century in science]]
[[Category:1830s in science]]