Editing 1836 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1836|science}}
{{Science year nav|1836}}
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The year '''1836 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy==
* May 15 – [[Francis Baily]], during an [[eclipse]] of the [[Sun]], observes the phenomenon named after him as [[Baily's beads]].

==Biology==
* October 2 – Naturalist [[Charles Darwin]] returns to [[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]], England, aboard {{HMS|Beagle}} after a 5-year journey collecting biological data he will later use to develop his [[theory of evolution]].
* Writer [[Georg Büchner]]'s dissertation on the common [[barbel (fish)]], ''[[Barbus barbus]]'', "Mémoire sur le Système Nerveux du Barbeaux (''Cyprinus barbus L.'')" is published in Paris and [[Strasbourg]]. In October, after receiving his doctorate, he is appointed by the [[University of Zurich]] as a lecturer in anatomy.
* [[Theodor Schwann]] discovers [[pepsin]] in extracts from the [[stomach]] lining, the first isolation of an animal [[enzyme]].

==Chemistry==
* French [[chemist]] [[Auguste Laurent]] discovers o-[[phthalic acid]] (1,2-benzenecarboxylic acid) by oxidizing [[naphthalene]] tetrachloride.
* The [[chemical compound]] [[acetylene]], also called ethyne, is discovered by [[Edmund Davy]].
* [[James Marsh (chemist)|James Marsh]] publishes the [[Marsh test]] for the presence of [[arsenic]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Account of a method of separating small quantities of arsenic from substances with which it may be mixed|journal=Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal|volume=21|year=1836|pages=229–236|last=Marsh|first=J.}}</ref>
* [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] chemistry student [[János Irinyi]] invents a noiseless [[match]].<ref>{{cite web|title=János Irinyi|publisher=Hungarian Patent Office|url=http://www.mszh.hu/English/feltalalok/irinyi.html|accessdate=March 18, 2008|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304082506/http://www.mszh.hu/English/feltalalok/irinyi.html|archivedate=March 4, 2010}}</ref>
* October 24 – The earliest United States [[patent]] for a [[phosphorus]] [[friction match]] is granted to Alonzo Dwight Phillips of [[Springfield, Massachusetts]].

==Medicine==
* October 13 – [[Theodor Fliedner]], a [[Lutheran]] minister, and Friederike, his wife, open the [[Deaconess#Modern history|Deaconess]] Home and Hospital at [[Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth|Kaiserswerth]], Germany, as an institute to train women in [[nursing]].

==Physics==
* [[Nicholas Callan]] invents the first [[induction coil]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Callan|first=N. J.|date=December 1836|title=On a new Galvanic battery|journal=[[Philosophical Magazine]]|volume=3:9|pages=472–478|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5IOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA477}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Callan|first=N. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SXgMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA229|title=A description of an electromagnetic repeater, or of a machine by which the connection between the voltaic battery and the helix of an electromagnet may be broken and renewed several thousand times in the space of one minute|publisher=Sturgeon|journal=Annals of Electricity|volume=1|pages=229–230 |date=April 1837}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Stanley A.|last=Czarnik|title=The classic induction coil|journal=Popular Electronics|url=http://www.sentex.net/~mec1995/circ/hv/classic/classic.html|date=March 1992|access-date=May 31, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030062249/http://www.sentex.net/~mec1995/circ/hv/classic/classic.html|archive-date=October 30, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Andrew Crosse]]'s electrical experiment seems to produce strange insects, ''acarus calvanicus''.

==Technology==
* February 25 – [[Samuel Colt]] receives a United States patent for the [[Colt Firearms|Colt]] [[revolver]], the first revolving barrel multishot firearm.
* December – [[Victoria Bridge, Bath]], England, opened, the first to use James Dredge's [[patent]] '[[Taper Suspension Bridge|taper principle]]' of stays.<ref>{{citation|last=Griffiths|first=R. A.|title=Analysis of James Dredge's Victoria Bridge, Bath|work=Proceedings of Bridge Engineering 2 Conference 2009|publisher=University of Bath|url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/ace/uploads/StudentProjects/Bridgeconference2009/Papers/GRIFFITHS.pdf|accessdate=November 23, 2012|date=April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090727/http://www.bath.ac.uk/ace/uploads/StudentProjects/Bridgeconference2009/Papers/GRIFFITHS.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Edward Sang]] publishes a [[logarithm]]ic method for constructing a [[skew arch]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Edward|last=Sang|title=On the construction of oblique arches|journal=The Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal|volume=20|year=1836|page=421|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u2Y7AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA421|accessdate=June 10, 2022}}</ref>
* [[James Nasmyth]] invents the [[shaper]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Smiles|first=Samuel|authorlink=Samuel Smiles|title=James Nasmyth Engineer: an Autobiography|publisher=John Murray|year=1912|url=https://archive.org/details/jamesnasmythengi00nasmiala|accessdate=November 14, 2009}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Jöns Jakob Berzelius]]; [[Francis Kiernan]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=July 22, 2020 }}</ref>
* [[Wollaston Medal]]: [[Louis Agassiz]]

==Births==
* February 5 – [[Alexander Stewart Herschel]] (died [[1907 in science|1907]]), South African-born British [[astronomer]].
* April 3 – [[Maurice Krishaber]] (died [[1883 in science|1883]]), naturalised French [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] [[otorhinolaryngologist]].<ref name=":1">{{Base Léonore|LH&#x2F;/1409/37|id=201959}}</ref>
* May 17 – [[Norman Lockyer]] (died [[1920 in science|1920]]), English astronomer.
* May 28 – [[Alexander Mitscherlich (chemist)|Alexander Mitscherlich]] (died [[1918 in science|1918]]), German [[chemist]].
* June 9 – [[Elizabeth Garrett Anderson|Elizabeth Garrett]] (died [[1917 in science|1917]]), English [[physician]].
* July 20 – [[Clifford Allbutt]] (died [[1925 in science|1925]]), English physician.
* September 26 – [[Thomas Crapper]] (died [[1910 in science|1910]]), English plumber and inventor.
* October 6 – [[Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz]] (died [[1921 in science|1921]]), German [[neuroanatomist]].
* October 27 – [[Thomas Gwyn Elger]] (died [[1897 in science|1897]]), English astronomer.

==Deaths==
* February 10 – [[Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze]] (born [[1758 in science|1758]]), French [[chemist]].
* June 10 – [[André-Marie Ampère]] (born [[1775 in science|1775]]), French [[physicist]].
* September 9 – [[William Henry (chemist)|William Henry]] (born [[1774 in science|1774]]), English [[chemist]] (suicide).
* September 17 – [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu]] (born [[1748 in science|1748]]), French [[botanist]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1836 in science| ]]
[[Category:19th century in science]]
[[Category:1830s in science]]