Editing 1844

{{More citations needed|date=November 2015}}
{{Year dab|1844}}
{{Year nav|1844}}
[[File:Christian Schussele - Men of Progress - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|250px|[[May 24]]: A new era in telecommunications begins as the first telegraph message is sent.]]
[[File:Explosion aboard USS Princeton.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[February 28]]: An [[USS Princeton (1843)|explosion on the USS ''Princeton'']] kills the U.S. Secretary of State and the U.S. Secretary of War.]]
{{C19 year in topic}}
[[File:Greatauk-london.jpg|thumb|200px|right| [[June 3]]: The [[great auk]] becomes extinct as the last pair of auks is killed on an island of [[Iceland]].]]
{{Year article header|1844}}
In the [[Philippines]], 1844 had only 365 days, when Tuesday, [[December 31]] was skipped as Monday, [[December 30]] was immediately followed by Wednesday, [[January 1]], [[1845]], the next day after.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/in-1844-the-philippines-skipped-a-day-and-it-took-decades-for-the-rest-of-the-world-to-notice|first=Sarah|last=Laskow|title=In 1844, the Philippines Skipped a Day, And It Took Decades for the Rest of the World to Notice|publisher=Atlas Obscura|date=2015-12-30|language=EN|access-date=2023-04-19}}</ref> The change also applied to [[Caroline Islands]], [[Guam]], [[Marianas Islands]], [[Marshall Islands]] and [[Palau]] as part of the [[Captaincy General of the Philippines]]; these became the first places on Earth to redraw the [[International Date Line]].

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January 4]] – The first issue of the Swedish-languaged [[Saima (newspaper)|''Saima'' newspaper]] founded by [[Johan Vilhelm Snellman|J. V. Snellman]] is published in [[Kuopio|Kuopio, Finland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/sanomalehti/titles/1457-456X/data?set_language=en|title=Saima|work=Digital Collections|publisher=The [[National Library of Finland]]|access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://snellman.kootutteokset.fi/en/dokumentit/saima-nro-1-411844|title=Saima nro 1, 4.1.1844 |work=Selected Works of J V. Snellman|access-date=22 January 2024}}</ref>
* [[January 15]] – The [[University of Notre Dame]], based in [[Notre Dame, Indiana|the city of the same name]], receives its charter from [[Indiana]].
* [[February 27]] – The [[Dominican Republic]] gains independence from [[Haiti]].
* [[February 28]] – A gun on the [[USS Princeton disaster of 1844|USS ''Princeton'']] explodes while the boat is on a [[Potomac River]] cruise, killing U.S. Secretary of State [[Abel Upshur]], U.S. Secretary of the Navy [[Thomas Walker Gilmer]] and four other people. President [[John Tyler]] is below decks and is uninjured.<ref>{{cite book|title=The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography|volume=IV|location=New York|date=1897|publisher=James T. White & Company|page=552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8yiCFcMGYgQC&pg=PA552 |access-date=March 15, 2017}}</ref>
* [[March 8]]
** King [[Oscar I of Sweden|Oscar I]] ascends to the throne of [[Union between Sweden and Norway|Sweden–Norway]] upon the death of his father, [[Charles XIV John|Charles XIV/III John]].
** The [[Althing]], the parliament of [[Iceland]], is reopened after 45 years of closure.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sigurðardóttir|first1=Heiða María|last2=Emilsson|first2=Páll Emil|title=Hvenær var Alþingi stofnað?|url=https://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=5268|website=visindavefur.is|publisher=Vísindavefurinn|access-date=September 3, 2021}}</ref>
* [[March 9]] – [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s opera ''[[Ernani]]'' debuts at Teatro [[La Fenice]], Venice.
* [[March 12]] – The [[Columbus and Xenia Railroad]], the first railroad planned to be built in [[Ohio]], is chartered.
* [[March 13]] – The dictator [[Carlos Antonio López]] becomes first President of [[Paraguay]].
* [[March 21]] – The [[Baháʼí calendar]] begins.
* [[March 23]] – The [[Edict of Toleration (1844)|Edict of Toleration]] is passed in the [[Ottoman Empire]].

=== April–June ===
* [[May 1]] – The [[Hong Kong Police Force]], the world's second and Asia's first modern, police force is established.
* [[May 23]] – [[Persian people|Persian]] [[prophet]] The [[Báb]] privately announces his revelation to [[Mullá Husayn]], just after sunset, founding the [[Bábism|Bábí faith]] (later evolving into the Baháʼí Faith as the Báb [[He whom God shall make manifest|intended]]) in Shiraz, Persia (modern-day Iran). Contemporaneously, on this day in nearby Tehran, is the birth of [[`Abdu'l-Bahá]]; the eldest Son of [[Bahá'u'lláh]], Prophet-Founder of the [[Baháʼí Faith]]. The Báb's mission is to proclaim [[He whom God shall make manifest]]. `Abdu'l-Bahá Himself is later proclaimed by Bahá'u'lláh to be His own successor, thus being the third "central figure" of the Baháʼí Faith.
* [[May 24]] – The first [[electrical telegram]] is sent by [[Samuel Morse]] from the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. to the B&O Railroad "outer depot" in [[Baltimore]], saying "What hath God wrought".
* [[June 3]] – The last definitely recorded pair of [[great auk]]s are killed on the [[Iceland]]ic island of [[Eldey]].
* [[June 4]] – Start of the [[Silesian weavers' uprising]]. It is crushed by Prussian military on June 6, with 11 weavers killed and numerous arrested.
* [[June 6]] – [[George Williams (YMCA)|George Williams]] sets up (in London) what is often cited as the first youth organisation in the world<ref>[[History of youth work]]</ref> – "The Young Men's Christian Association", commonly known as [[YMCA]]. It will grow to a worldwide organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 57 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations. George Williams aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind, and spirit." These three angles are reflected by the different sides of the (red) triangle – part of all YMCA logos.
* [[June 12]] –In the United States, after nine days of heavy rains, the [[Missouri River]] and the [[Mississippi River]] overflow their banks as the [[Great Flood of 1844]] begins. The water begins to recede by [[June 28]] and the rivers return to their normal level by mid-July.<ref>''Emerson W. Gould, [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fifty_Years_on_the_Mississippi_Or_Gould/udyywXOVBvsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mississippi+flood+June+1844&pg=PA248&printsec=frontcover Fifty Years on the Mississippi; Or, Gould's History of River Navigation]'' (Nixon-Jones Printing Company, 1889) pp.247-248</ref>   
* [[June 15]] – [[Charles Goodyear]] receives a United States [[patent]] for [[vulcanization]], a process to strengthen [[rubber]].
* [[June 17]] – [[Søren Kierkegaard]]'s ''[[The Concept of Anxiety]]'' is published in Denmark (as ''Begrebet Angest'' by 'Vigilius Haufniensis').
* [[June 22]] – The [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]] student fraternity is founded at [[Yale College]] in the United States. ΔΚΕ will be home to many well known figures, such as U.S. Presidents George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush, Gerald Ford and Theodore Roosevelt.  
* [[June 27]] – [[Killing of Joseph Smith]]: [[Joseph Smith]], founder of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]], and his brother [[Hyrum Smith|Hyrum]], are murdered in [[Carthage Jail]], [[Carthage, Illinois]] by an armed mob, leading to a [[Succession crisis (Latter Day Saints)|succession crisis in the movement]]. [[John Taylor (Mormon)|John Taylor]], future president of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], is severely injured but survives, while the fourth man inside the upper room, then-apostle [[Willard Richards]], escapes with only a graze to his upper ear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/135.6?lang=eng|title=Doctrine and Covenants 135|website=www.churchofjesuschrist.org|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>

=== July–September ===
* [[July 3]] – The United States signs the [[Treaty of Wanghia]] with the Qing Empire.<ref>{{cite web |title=Treaty Of Wangxia (Treaty Of Wang-Hsia 望廈條約), May 18, 1844 |url=https://china.usc.edu/treaty-wangxia-treaty-wang-hsia-%E6%9C%9B%E5%BB%88%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84-may-18-1844 |website=USC US-China Institute |publisher=USC Annenberg}}</ref> The treaty establishes five U.S. [[treaty ports]] in China with [[extraterritoriality]] and is the first treaty that the United States imposed on the dynasty.
* [[July 19]] – The [[Bank Charter Act 1844]] is approved, which restricts the powers of British banks, limiting note-issuing powers outside the central Bank of England.
* [[August 8]] – During a meeting held in [[Nauvoo, Illinois]], the [[Quorum of the Twelve]], headed by [[Brigham Young]], is chosen as the leading body of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].
* [[August 10]] – German astronomer [[Friedrich Bessel]] deduces from the motion of the [[List of brightest stars|bright stars]] [[Sirius]] and [[Procyon]] that they have dark companions.<ref name="Bessel1844">{{cite journal | bibcode=1844MNRAS...6R.136B | title=On the Variations of the Proper Motions of ''Procyon'' and ''Sirius'' | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=6 | issue=11 |date=December 1844 | pages=136–141 | doi=10.1093/mnras/6.11.136a| last1=Bessel | first1=F. W. | doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[August 14]] – [[Abdelkader El Djezairi]] is defeated at the [[Battle of Isly]] in [[Morocco]]; sultan [[Abd al-Rahman of Morocco]] soon repudiates his ally.
* [[August 16]] – [[Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa, 1st Count of Manila|Narciso Claveria]], [[Governor-General of the Philippines]], makes a decree announcing that Monday, December 30, 1844, will be immediately followed by Wednesday, January 1, 1845. (Tuesday, December 31, 1844, is removed from the Philippine calendar because since 1521 the country has been one day behind its [[Asia]]n neighbors.)
* [[August 28]] – [[Friedrich Engels]] and [[Karl Marx]] meet in Paris, France.
* [[September 25]]–[[September 27|27]] – The first ever [[international cricket]] match is played in New York City, [[United States v Canada (1844)|United States v Canadian Provinces]].

=== October–December ===
* [[October 18]] – [[1844 Salta earthquake]]. A magnitude 6.5 earthquake hits [[Argentina]]'s [[Salta Province]].
* [[October 22]] – This second date predicted by the [[Millerites]] for the [[Second Coming]] of [[Jesus]] (and said to be 6,000 years from creation, relating them to the 6 days of creation, using a day-for-a-year bible principle, with which they proved that the 1,000 years of rest in heaven with God would total to 7,000 years, indicating the completion of creation in the beginning, which make 7 days, but the 7th day is for rest, same as the 7,000th year is for rest in heaven), leads to the [[Great Disappointment]]. The [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] believes this date to be the starting point of the [[Investigative judgment]], just prior to the Second Coming of Jesus, as declared in the 26th of 28 fundamental doctrines of Seventh-day Adventists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adventist.org/beliefs/fundamental/index.html |title=Beliefs: The Official Site of the Seventh-day Adventist world church |publisher=Adventist.org |access-date=2015-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060310104717/http://www.adventist.org/beliefs/fundamental/index.html |archive-date=March 10, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[October 23]] – The [[Báb]] is publicly proclaimed to be the promised one of Islam (the [[Al-Qāʾim Āl Muḥammad|Qá'im]], or [[Mahdi]]). He is also considered to be simultaneously the return of [[Elijah]], [[John the Baptist]] and the "[[Ushídar-Máh]]" referred to in the [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] scriptures.<ref name="gpb_58">{{cite book|first=Effendi |last=Shoghi |author-link=Shoghi Effendi |year=1944 |title=God Passes By |publisher=Baháʼí Publishing Trust |location=Wilmette, Illinois, US |isbn=0-87743-020-9 |url=http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-5.html#pg58 |page=58 |access-date=2012-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119172544/http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/se/GPB/gpb-5.html |archive-date=January 19, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> He announces to the world the coming of "[[He whom God shall make manifest]]". He is considered the forerunner of [[Bahá'u'lláh]] – the founder of the [[Baháʼí Faith]] – whose claims include being the return of [[Jesus]].
* [[November 3]] – [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s opera ''[[I due Foscari]]'' debuts at [[Largo di Torre Argentina|Teatro Argentina]], Rome.
* [[November 6]] – The [[Dominican Republic]] drafts its first [[Constitution]].
* [[December 4]] – [[1844 United States presidential election]]: [[James K. Polk]] defeats [[Henry Clay]].
* [[December 13]] – [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] becomes the official language of [[Hungary]].<ref>[http://www.kozlonyok.hu/nkonline/MKPDF/hiteles/MK11111.pdf Magyar Közlöny – A MAGYAR KÖZTÁRSASÁG HIVATALOS LAPJA 29 September, 2011]</ref>
* [[December 21]] – The [[Rochdale Pioneers]] commence business at their [[cooperative]] in [[Rochdale]], England.
* [[December 31]] – This date is omitted from the calendar in the [[Philippines]] in order to align it with the calendar elsewhere in East Asia, essentially moving the [[International_Date_Line#Philippines_(1521_and_1844)|International Date Line]] to the east of the archipelago.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Sweden|Swedish]] chemistry professor [[Gustaf Erik Pasch]] is granted a privilege for his invention of a [[safety match]].
* [[Robert Chambers (publisher born 1802)|Robert Chambers]]' anonymous ''[[Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation]]'', which paves the way for acceptance of [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]]'s ''[[The Origin of Species]]'', is published in Britain.
* The Free Church Institution is established by Reverend [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]] in [[Calcutta]], India. This is later merged with the General Assembly's Institution to form the [[Scottish Church College]], one of the pioneering institutions that ushers in the [[Bengali Renaissance]].
* In [[Munich]], the [[Feldherrnhalle]] is completed.
* In [[Tibet]], the Temple of Guardians burns down.
* [[Flags of the Ottoman Empire]]: a national flag is adopted for the Empire.

== Births ==

=== January–March ===
[[File:Minna_Canth.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Minna Canth]]]]
[[File:Mayor PA Collins.png|thumb|right|100px|[[Patrick Collins (mayor)|Patrick Collins]]]]
[[File:John Boyle O'Reilly cph.3a38519.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[John Boyle O'Reilly]]]]
* [[January 7]] – [[Bernadette Soubirous]], French visionary from Lourdes (d. [[1879]])
* [[January 9]] – [[Julián Gayarre]], Spanish opera singer (d. [[1890]])
* [[January 11]] – [[Franz Schrader]], French mountaineer, geographer, cartographer and landscape painter (d. [[1924]])
* [[February 14]] – [[Robert Themptander]], 4th prime minister of Sweden (d. [[1897]])
* [[February 20]]
** [[Joshua Slocum]], Canadian-born American seaman and adventurer (d. [[1909]])
** [[Ludwig Boltzmann]], Austrian physicist (d. [[1906]])
* [[February 21]] – [[Charles-Marie Widor]], French organist, composer (d. [[1937]])
* [[February 26]] – [[Horace Harmon Lurton]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1914]])
* [[February 28]] – [[French Ensor Chadwick]], American admiral (d. [[1919]])
* [[March 1]] – [[Dirk Van Raalte|Dirk van Raalte]], American [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] soldier and politician (d. [[1910]])
* [[March 10]] – [[Pablo de Sarasate]], Spanish violinist (d. [[1908]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Umberto I]], King of Italy (d. [[1900]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]], Russian composer (d. [[1908]])
* [[March 19]] – [[Minna Canth]], Finnish writer and social activist (d. [[1897]])<ref>{{cite web|last1=Maijala|first1=Minna|title=Minna Canth (1844–1897)|url=http://www.helsinki.fi/sukupuolentutkimus/klassikkogalleria/canth/|website=Klassikkogalleria|publisher=Kristiina Institute, [[University of Helsinki]]|access-date=8 December 2020}}</ref>
* [[March 25]] – [[Adolf Engler]], German botanist (d. [[1930]])
* [[March 30]] – [[Paul Verlaine]], French poet (d. [[1896]])

=== April–June ===
[[File:Mary Cassatt photograph 1913.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Mary Cassatt]]]]
* [[April 1]] – [[Nikolai Skrydlov]], Russian admiral (d. [[1918]])
* [[April 13]] – [[John Surratt]], suspect in the [[Abraham Lincoln assassination]], son of [[Mary Surratt]] (d. [[1916]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Anatole France]], French writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1924]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1921/france/facts/|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1921 |website=www.nobelprize.org |access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[April 22]] – [[Lewis Powell (conspirator)|Lewis Powell]], attempted assassin of [[United States Secretary of State]] [[William H. Seward]], conspirator with [[John Wilkes Booth]] (d. [[1865]])
* [[April 26]] – [[Lizardo García]], 17th President of Ecuador (d. [[1937]])
* [[April 28]] – [[Katarina Milovuk]], Serbian educator, women's rights activist (d. [[1909]])
* [[April 29]] – [[Hans von Koester]], German admiral (d. [[1928]])<ref>{{NDB|12|405||Koester, Hans von|[[Walther Hubatsch]]}}</ref>

* [[May 3]]
**[[Sarah Warren Keeler]], American educator of the deaf-mute (d. [[1899]])
**[[Kuroki Tamemoto]], Japanese general (d. [[1923]])
* [[May 14]] – [[Alexander Kaulbars]], Russian general, explorer (d. [[1925]])
* [[May 19]] – [[William M. Folger]], American admiral (d. [[1928]])
* [[May 21]] – [[Henri Rousseau]], French artist (d. [[1910]])
* [[May 22]] – [[Mary Cassatt]], American painter and printmaker (d. [[1926]])
* [[May 23]] – [[`Abdu'l-Bahá]], Persian Baháʼí religious leader (d. [[1921]])
* [[June 6]] – [[Konstantin Savitsky]], Russian painter (d. [[1905]])
* [[June 30]] – [[George Bengescu-Dabija]], Wallachian-born Romanian poet, playwright and general (d. [[1916]])

=== July–September ===
[[File:Emily Ruete (Sayyida Salme), Princess of Zanzibar.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Emily Ruete]]]]
[[File:Nietzsche187a.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Friedrich Nietzsche]]]]
[[File:Ludwig Grillich7.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Ludwig Grillich]]]]
[[File:Queen Alexandra, the Princess of Wales.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Queen [[Alexandra of Denmark]]]]
* [[July 11]] – King [[Peter I of Serbia]] (d. [[1921]])
* [[July 22]] – [[William Archibald Spooner]], British scholar, Anglican priest (d. [[1930]])
* [[July 25]] – [[Thomas Eakins]], American painter, sculptor (d. [[1916]])
* [[July 26]] – [[Deodato Arellano]], Filipino Propagandist (d. [[1899]])
* [[July 28]] – [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]], English poet (d. [[1889]])
* [[July 30]] – [[Robert Jones Burdette]], American minister, sentimental humorist (d. [[1914]])
* [[August 5]]
**[[Ilya Repin]], Russian painter, sculptor (d. [[1930]])
**[[Philip H. Cooper]], American admiral (d. [[1912]])
* [[August 6]] – [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (d. [[1900]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Panton |first1=James |title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy |date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7497-8 |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC&pg=PA39 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 17]] – [[Menelik II]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]] (d. [[1913]])
* [[August 20]] – [[Mutsu Munemitsu]], Japanese statesman, diplomat (d. [[1897]])
* [[August 22]] – [[George W. De Long]], American naval officer, explorer (d. [[1881]])
* [[August 23]] – [[Hamilton Disston]], American land developer (d. [[1896]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Ramón Auñón y Villalón]], Spanish admiral and politician (d. [[1925]])
* [[August 29]] – [[Edward Carpenter]], English socialist poet (d. [[1929]])
* [[August 30]] – [[Emily Ruete]], Princess of Zanzibar (d. [[1924]])
* [[September 7]] – [[Charles Romley Alder Wright]], British chemist (d. [[1894]])
* [[September 13]] – [[Ludwig von Falkenhausen]], German general (d. [[1936]])
* [[September 16]] – [[Claude-Paul Taffanel]], French flutist, composer (d. [[1908]])
* [[September 20]] – [[William H. Illingworth]], English photographer (d. [[1893]])
* [[September 24]] – [[Max Noether]], German mathematician (d. [[1921]])
* [[September 28]] – [[Robert Stout|Sir Robert Stout]], 2-time prime minister of New Zealand (d. [[1930]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman]], 10th President of Argentina (d. [[1909]])

=== October–December ===
[[File:WFReitz CHM VA0957.jpg|thumb|138x138px|[[Francis William Reitz]]]]

[[File:WCBonnerjee.jpg|thumb|158x158px|[[Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee|W.C. Bonnerjee]]]]
* [[October 5]] – [[Francis William Reitz]], 5th State President of the [[Orange Free State]] (d. [[1934]])
* [[October 11]] – [[Henry J. Heinz]], American businessman (d. [[1919]])
* [[October 15]] – [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], German philosopher (d. [[1900]])<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Hollingdale |author-first=R. J. |author-link=R. J. Hollingdale |title=Nietzsche: The Man and His Philosophy |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1999 |jstor=2024055 |isbn=978-0-521-64091-6}}</ref>
* [[October 16]] – [[Ismail Qemali|Ismail Kemal]], Albanian politician and statesman, 1st Prime Minister of Albania (d. [[1919]])
* [[October 22]] – [[Louis Riel]], Canadian-American leader (d. [[1885]])
* [[October 23]]
** [[Robert Bridges]], English poet (d. [[1930]])
** [[Sarah Bernhardt]],  French actress (d. [[1923]])
* [[October 24]] – [[Karl Lueger]], Austrian politician, [[Mayor of Vienna]] (d. [[1910]])
* [[October 27]] – [[Klas Pontus Arnoldson]], Swedish writer, pacifist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1916]])
* [[November 2]] – [[Mehmed V]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (d. [[1918]])
* [[November 10]] – [[Henry Eyster Jacobs]], American Lutheran theologian (d. [[1932]])
* [[November 11]] – [[Marcelino Crisologo]], Filipino politician, playwright, writer and poet (d. [[1927]])
* [[November 13]] – [[Andrew Harper]], Scottish-Australian biblical scholar, teacher (d. [[1936]])
* [[November 25]] – [[Karl Benz]], German automotive pioneer (d. [[1929]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Friedrich Schildberger|title=Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm Maybach and Karl Benz|publisher=Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft|year=1968|page=59}}</ref>
* [[December 1]] – [[Alexandra of Denmark]], Queen of [[Edward VII]] of the United Kingdom (d. [[1925]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Queen Alexandra, wife of Edward VII |url=https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/queen-alexandra-wife-of-edward-vii |website=Westminster Abbey |access-date=7 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 8]] – [[Charles-Émile Reynaud]], French science teacher, animation pioneer (d. [[1918]])
* [[December 18]] – [[Takashima Tomonosuke]], Japanese general (d. [[1916]])
* [[December 29]] – [[Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee|Womesh Chundra Bonnerjee]], Indian Barrister (d.  [[1906]])

=== Date unknown ===
* ''probable'' – [[Abdur Rahman Khan]], Emir of Kabul, Emir of Kandahar, Emir of Afghanistan (d. [[1901]])

== Deaths ==

=== January–June ===
* [[January 25]] – [[Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon]], French marshal (b. [[1765]])
* [[January 27]]
** [[Charles Nodier]], French writer (b. [[1780]])
** [[William Gadsby|Wiliam Gadsby]], English [[Strict Baptist]] leader (b. [[1773]])
* [[January 29]] – [[Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (b. [[1784]])
* [[February 3]] – [[Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough]] (b. [[1758]])
* [[February 15]] – [[Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (b. [[1757]])
* [[February 27]] – [[Nicholas Biddle (banker)|Nicholas Biddle]], president of the Second Bank of the United States (b. [[1786]])
* [[March]] – [[Carlota (rebel leader)|Carlota]], Cuban slave rebel leader 
* [[March 6]] – [[Gabriel Duvall]], American politician and [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (b. [[1752]])
* [[March 8]] – King [[Charles XIV John of Sweden]], Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, French Napoleonic general (b. [[1763]])
* [[March 20]] – [[Claude Pierre Pajol]], French military leader (b. [[1772]])
* [[April 3]] – [[Edward Bigge]], English cleric, 1st [[Archdeacon of Lindisfarne]] (b. [[1807]])
* [[April 13]] – [[Mamiya Rinzō]], Japanese explorer of [[Sakhalin]] (b. [[1775]])
* [[April 17]] – [[James Scarlett Abinger]], English judge (b. [[1769]])
* [[May 18]] – [[Richard McCarty (U.S. politician)|Richard McCarty]], American politician (b. [[1780]])
* [[June 13]] – [[Thomas Charles Hope]], Scottish chemist, discoverer of strontium (b. [[1766]])
* [[June 15]] – [[Thomas Campbell (poet)|Thomas Campbell]], Scottish poet (b. [[1777]])
* [[June 27]]
** [[Hyrum Smith]], American [[Latter Day Saint]] leader (b. [[1800]])
** [[Joseph Smith]], American founder of the [[Latter Day Saint movement]] (b. [[1805]])

=== July–December ===
[[File:Melchor Múzquiz (Joaquín Ramírez).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Melchor Múzquiz]]]]
* [[July 11]] – [[Yevgeny Baratynsky]], Russian poet, philosopher (b. [[1800]])
* [[July 27]] – [[John Dalton]], English chemist, physicist (b. [[1766]])
* [[July 28]] – [[Joseph Bonaparte]], brother of [[Napoleon I]], King of Naples and Spain (b. [[1768]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Bonaparte {{!}} king of Spain and Naples |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Bonaparte |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=25 March 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 29]] – [[Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart]], Austrian composer (b. [[1791]])
* September ? – [[Robert Taylor (Radical)|Robert Taylor]], English-born [[Radicalism (historical)|Radical]] writer, [[freethought]] advocate (b. [[1784]])
* [[November 14]] – [[Flora Tristan]], French feminist (b. [[1803]])
* [[November 29]] – [[Princess Sophia of Gloucester]] (b. [[1773]])
* [[December 2]] – [[Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko]], Polish military leader (b. [[1768]])
* [[December 14]] – [[Melchor Múzquiz]], 5th [[President of Mexico]] (b. [[1790]])
* [[December 24]] – [[Friedrich Bernhard Westphal]], Danish-German painter (b. 1803)

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Zheng Yi Sao]], Chinese woman pirate (b. [[1775]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1844}}
[[Category:1844| ]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]