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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2022}} {{About year|1857}} {{Year nav|1857}} [[File:Sepoy Mutiny 1857.png|thumb|250px|[[May 10]]: The [[Sepoy Mutiny]] breaks out in British India.]] {{C19 year in topic}} {{Year article header|1857}} {{TOC limit|2}} == Events == === January–March === * [[January 1]] – The biggest [[Estonia]]n newspaper, ''[[Postimees]]'', is established by [[Johann Voldemar Jannsen]].<ref>A Bertricau, Antoine Chalvin L'Estonie: identité et indépendance -- 2001 - Page 349 "1857 Johann Voldemar Jannsen fonde le Perno Postimees (devenu Eesti Postimees en 1864, puis Postimees en 1891)."</ref> * [[January 7]] – The partly French-owned [[London General Omnibus Company]] begins operating.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> * [[January 9]] – The 7.9 {{M|w}} [[1857 Fort Tejon earthquake|Fort Tejon earthquake]] shakes [[Central California|Central]] and [[Southern California]], with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent'').<ref name=Stover>{{citation|last1=Stover|first1=C. W.|last2=Coffman|first2=J. L.|title=Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised) – U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bY0KAQAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|pages= 72, 101, 102}}</ref> * [[January 24]] – The [[University of Calcutta]] is established in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], as the first multidisciplinary modern university in [[South Asia]]. The [[University of Bombay]] is also established in [[Mumbai|Bombay]], [[British India]], this year. * [[February 3]] – The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed [[Gallaudet University]]) is established in Washington, D.C., becoming the first school for the advanced education of the deaf. * [[February 5]] – The [[Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1857|Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States]] is promulgated.<ref>{{cite web|title=Día de la Constitución Mexicana (5 de Febrero) |url=http://www.sanmiguelguide.com/constitucion.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030811203929/http://www.sanmiguelguide.com/constitucion.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 11, 2003 |work=Guia de San Miguel |year=2001 |access-date=2011-08-26 }}</ref> * [[March]] – The Austrian garrison leaves [[Bucharest]]. * [[March 3]] ** France and the United Kingdom formally declare war on China, in the [[Second Anglo-Chinese War]]. ** The [[The Great Slave Auction|largest slave auction in U.S. history]] is held, dubbed ''The Weeping Time''. Over a 2-day period (starting [[March 2]]), Pierce M. Butler sells 436 men, women, children, and infants, all of whom are kept in stalls meant for horses at a racetrack in [[Savannah, Georgia]], for weeks beforehand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2918.html|title=The Weeping Time|work=Africans in America|publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service]]|access-date=2011-08-26}}</ref> * [[March 6]] – ''[[Dred Scott v. Sandford]]'': The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] rules that blacks are not citizens and slaves can not sue for freedom, driving the U.S. further towards the [[American Civil War]] (the ruling is not overturned until the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|14th Amendment]] is adopted in [[1868]]). * [[March 8]]–[[March 12|12]] – [[Spirit Lake Massacre]], near [[Okoboji, Iowa|Okoboji]] and [[Spirit Lake, Iowa|Spirit]] lakes in the northwestern territory of [[Iowa]] near the [[Minnesota]] border. * [[March 12]] – [[Elizabeth Blackwell]] opens a hospital, the [[New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children]]. * [[March 14]] – [[Youssef Bey Karam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ehdenfamilytree.org/getperson.php?personID=I1&tree=ehden|title=Youssef KARAM, I b. May 1823 d. 7 Apr 1889: Ehden Family Tree}}</ref> is assigned, by the people of [[Ehden]] and [[Bsharri]], to be the region's ruler. * [[March 23]] – [[Elisha Otis]]' first [[elevator]] is installed (at 488 [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]], New York City). * [[March 25]] – The [[phonautograph]] is patented by French typesetter [[Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville]]. It is the earliest known device for recording [[sound]].<ref>{{Cite episode |title=1860 'Phonautograph' Is Earliest Known Recording |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89380697 |access-date=September 19, 2017 |series=Talk of the Nation |last=Flatow |first=Ira |network=NPR |date=April 4, 2008}}</ref> === April–June === * [[April 4]] – The [[Anglo-Persian War]] ends. * [[April 8]] – [[Mangal Pandey]] is hanged for [[mutiny]] against the [[British East India Company]] army; the execution is a precursor event to the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]. * [[April 14]] – [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Princess Beatrice]], the fifth daughter and the youngest child of [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]], is born. * [[April 18]] – ''[[The Spirits' Book]]'' (''Le Livre des Esprits''), one of the ''Five Fundamental Works of [[Kardecist spiritism|Spiritism]]'', is published by French educator [[Allan Kardec]]. * [[April 27]] – First horse race run at [[Longchamp Racecourse]] in Paris. * [[May 5]]–[[October 17]] – [[Art Treasures Exhibition, Manchester 1857|The Art Treasures of Great Britain]] exhibition is held in [[Manchester]], one of the largest such displays of all time.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odcHAAAAQAAJ|title=Exhibition of art treasures of the United Kingdom, held at Manchester in 1857: report of the Executive Committee|year=1859|publisher=George Simms}}</ref> * [[May 10]] – [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]: The 3rd Light Cavalry of the [[British East India Company]]'s army rebels against its British officers, thus beginning the rebellion. * [[May 11]] – [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]: Indian combatants capture [[Delhi]] from the British East India Company. * [[May 15]] – [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Financial|financial group]], [[Banco Santander]] founded in [[Cantabria]], Spain. * [[May 28]] – Banco de Bilbao, as predecessor of [[Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria|BBVA]] is founded in Spain. * [[June 1]] – [[Second Anglo-Chinese War]]: [[Battle of Fatshan Creek]] – The British Royal Navy defeats the Cantonese fleet of Qing dynasty China. * [[June 6]] – [[Sophia of Nassau]] marries the future King [[Oscar II of Sweden|Oscar II]] of [[Union between Sweden and Norway|Sweden–Norway]]. * [[June 12]] – U.S. mercenary [[William Walker (filibuster)|William Walker]] is overthrown as ruler of [[Nicaragua]] by Honduran general [[Florencio Xatruch]]. * [[June 20]] – The [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in London is officially opened by [[Queen Victoria]]. * [[June 26]] – At a ceremony in London, [[Queen Victoria]] awards the first 66 [[Victoria Cross]]es to [[British Empire|British]] troops, for actions during the [[Crimean War]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> === July–September === * [[July 1]]–[[November 19]] – [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]: [[Siege of Lucknow]]. * [[July 15]] – [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]: The second massacre at [[Siege of Cawnpore|Kanpur]] takes place. * [[July 18]] ** The Utah Expedition leaves [[Fort Leavenworth]], effectively beginning the [[Utah War]]. ** [[Prison hulk]]s are used for the last time in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gossett|first=William Patrick|year=1986|title=The lost ships of the Royal Navy, 1793–1900|publisher=Mansell|isbn=0-7201-1816-6|page=114}}</ref> * [[August 20]] – The ''[[Dunbar (ship)|Dunbar]]'' wrecks near the entrance to [[Sydney Harbour]], Australia, with the loss of 121 lives. * [[August 28]] – The [[Matrimonial Causes Act 1857|Matrimonial Causes Act]] makes divorce without [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|parliamentary]] approval legal in the United Kingdom.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=277–278|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> * [[September]] – The [[Panic of 1857]] begins: Speculation in U.S. railroad shares, and the collapse on [[August 24]] of the New York City branch of the [[Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company]], following widespread [[embezzlement]], trigger a financial crisis which will extend to Europe. * [[September 11]] – The [[Mountain Meadows massacre]] occurs in [[Utah]]. * [[September 12]] – The {{SS|Central America}} sinks off the coast of [[North Carolina]] with the loss of 425 lives. * [[September 20]] – [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]: British forces recapture [[Delhi]],<ref name=CBH/> compelling the surrender of [[Bahadur Shah II]], the last [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]]. * [[September 22]] (September 10 [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]) – [[Russian ship of the line Lefort|Russian ship of the line ''Lefort'']] sinks in the [[Gulf of Finland]] during a sudden [[squall]] with the loss of 826 lives;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spbae.ru/reinfeldt_2004.htm|title=On the Wreck of the Warship Le Fort|first=G. A.|last=Reinfeldt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827173645/http://spbae.ru/reinfeldt_2004.htm|language=Russian|accessdate=2021-09-22|archive-date=August 27, 2011}}</ref> 30 other ships are wrecked in the same storm. === October–December === * [[October 13]] – [[Panic of 1857]]: New York banks close, and do not reopen until [[December 12]]. * [[October 24]] ** [[Sheffield F.C.]], the world's first [[association football]] team, is founded in [[Sheffield]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]. ** [[Escape of 28 enslaved people from Maryland (1857)|28 enslaved people]] escape their enslavers in [[Maryland]]. * [[November 1]] – The ''Indus Valley Region'' (i.e., [[Pakistan]] ''Region'') is incorporated as part of [[British India]], for the next 90 years until [[1947]]. * [[November 16]] – [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]]: British troops win 24 [[Victoria Cross]]es in action this day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/victoriacross.asp|title=Victoria Cross Registers|publisher=The National Archives (UK)|access-date=2008-04-11}}</ref> * [[November 30]] – [[President of Mexico]] [[Ignacio Comonfort]] is succeeded by [[Félix María Zuloaga]]. * [[December]] – The [[Reform War]] in [[History of Mexico|Mexico]] begins. * [[December 7]] – U.S. Consul in Japan [[Townsend Harris]] meets the Shogun in Edo in a diplomatic reception, the first ever meeting between the Shogun and a foreign diplomat. * [[December 16]] – The 7.0 {{M|w|link=y}} [[1857 Basilicata earthquake|Basilicata earthquake]] shakes the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]] (Southern Italy) with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of XI (''Extreme''), killing about 10,000 people. * [[December 20]] – Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] issues a decree, ''Es ist Mein Wille'', which leads to the demolition of the [[city walls]] of [[Vienna]], allowing the construction of the [[Ringstraße]]. * [[December 28]] – [[Second Anglo-Chinese War]]: [[Battle of Canton (1857)|2nd Battle of Canton]] – British and French forces begin an assault on the Qing dynasty Chinese city of Canton ([[Guangzhou]]). * [[December 31]] – [[Queen Victoria]] chooses [[Ottawa]] as the capital of Canada. === Date unknown === * [[Liberia]] annexes the [[Republic of Maryland]] as native groups (notably [[Grebo people]] and [[Kru people]]) continually attack and kill settlers in [[Cape Palmas]]. * The first commercial [[tea plantation]] in the [[British Raj]] is opened in the [[Malnicherra Tea Estate|Mulnicherra Estate]] in [[Sylhet District|Sylhet]].<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/130465|newspaper=[[The Independent (Bangladesh)]]|title=Tea cultivation|date=Dec 31, 2017}}</ref> * The [[Mormons]] abandon [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]]. * [[Kuala Lumpur]], the future capital of [[Malaysia]], is founded as a [[tin mining]] settlement. * [[La Tène culture]] artifacts are discovered in Switzerland, by [[Hansli Kopp]]. * [[Illinois State University]], the first public university in [[Illinois]], is established in [[Normal, Illinois]]. * [[San Jose State University|San Jose State]], the first public U.S. university west of the Mississippi River, opens in San Francisco as [[Minns Evening Normal School|Minn's Evening School]]. * [[Bucharest]] becomes the world's first city to have its streets illuminated by [[kerosene lamp]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Romanian Inventions|journal=The Reminder|issue=46|date=June 1983|page=3 (suppl.)}}</ref> * U.S. politician [[William Daniel (Maryland politician)|William Daniel]] proposes the [[Local Option]] for [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]]. * U.S. composer [[James Lord Pierpont]] composes "[[Jingle Bells]]", originally entitled "The One Horse Open Sleigh". * Suzumoto [[Vaudeville]] Theater officially opens in Ueno region, [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]] (modern-day [[Tokyo]]) in Japan. == Births == === January–March === [[File:LJB9 - Otto von Below.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Otto von Below]]]] [[File:Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Heinrich Hertz]]]] [[File:Papst Pius XI. 1JS.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Pope Pius XI]]]] [[File:ANNIE MARIA BARNES.jpg|thumb|110px|Annie Maria Barnes]] * [[January 2]] – [[Uryū Sotokichi]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1937]]) * [[January 4]] – [[Émile Courtet]], French caricaturist, animator (d. [[1938]]) * [[January 12]] **[[Knut Ångström]], Swedish physicist (d. [[1910]]) **[[Léon de Witte de Haelen]], Belgian general (d. [[1933]]) * [[January 13]] – [[Anastasios Papoulas]], Greek general (d. [[1935]]) * [[January 18]] – [[Otto von Below]], German general (d. [[1944]]) * [[January 26]] – The [[12th Dalai Lama]] of Tibet (d. [[1875]]) * [[January 31]] – [[George Jackson Churchward]], British chief mechanical engineer of the [[Great Western Railway]](d. [[1933]]) * [[February 1]] – [[Lucy Wheelock]], American early childhood education pioneer within the kindergarten movement (d. [[1946]]) * [[February 13]] – [[Almanzo Wilder|Almanzo James Wilder]], American writer (d. [[1949]]) * [[February 18]] – [[Dmitry Shcherbachev]], Russian general (d. [[1932]]) * [[February 22]] ** [[Robert Baden-Powell]], English founder of the [[Scouting]] movement (d. [[1941]]) ** [[Heinrich Hertz]], German physicist (d. [[1894]]) * [[March 4]] **[[Constantin Coandă]], Romanian general and politician, 26th [[Prime Minister of Romania]] (d. [[1932]]) **[[Aleksei Evert]], Russian general (d. [[1918]] or [[1926]]) * [[March 6]] – [[George Dayton]], American businessman, founder of [[Target Corporation]] (d. [[1938]]) * [[March 7]] ** [[Genevieve Stebbins]], American performer of the Delsarte system of expression (d. [[1934]]) ** [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]], Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1940]]) * [[March 13]] – [[Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer]], British general (d. [[1932]]) * [[March 15]] – [[Christian Michelsen]], 1st Prime Minister of Norway (d. [[1925]]) * [[March 21]] – [[Hunter Liggett]], American general (d. [[1935]]) * [[March 22]] – [[Paul Doumer]], President of France (d. [[1932]]) * [[March 26]] – [[Théodore Tuffier]], French surgeon (d. [[1929]]) * [[March 27]] ** [[Ella Hepworth Dixon]], English author and editor (d. [[1932]]) ** [[Karl Pearson]], English statistician (d. [[1936]]) * [[March 30]] – [[Léon Charles Thévenin]], French telegraph engineer (d. [[1926]]) === April–June === * [[April 5]] – [[Alexander of Battenberg]], first Prince of Bulgaria (d. [[1893]]) * [[April 14]] ** [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom]], youngest child of [[Queen Victoria]] (d. [[1944]]) ** [[Victor Horsley]], English physician, surgeon (d. [[1916]]) * [[April 22]] – [[Paul Dresser]], American songwriter (d. [[1906]]) * [[April 23]] – [[Ruggero Leoncavallo]], Italian composer (d. [[1919]]) * [[April 30]] – [[Walter Simon (philanthropist)|Walter Simon]], German philanthropist (d. [[1920]]) * [[May 1]] – [[Theo van Gogh (art dealer)|Theo van Gogh]], Dutch art dealer (d. [[1891]]) * [[May 7]] – [[William A. MacCorkle]], Governor of West Virginia (d. [[1930]]) * [[May 10]] – [[Viktor Graf von Scheuchenstuel]], Austro-Hungarian general (d. [[1938]]) * [[May 13]] – [[Ronald Ross]], English physician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1932]]) * [[May 15]] – [[Williamina Fleming]], Scottish astronomer (d. [[1911]])<ref>{{cite book|first1=Deborah|last1=Todd|first2=Joseph|last2=Angelo|title=A to Z of Scientists in Space and Astronomy|location=New York|publisher=Facts of File|year=2003|page=118|isbn=978-0-81604-639-3}}</ref> * [[May 19]] – [[John Jacob Abel]], American pharmacologist (d. [[1938]]) * [[May 24]] – [[Richard Mansfield]], Anglo-American stage actor (d. [[1907]]) * [[May 27]] – [[Theodor Curtius]], German chemist (d. [[1928]]) * [[May 28]] ** [[Annie Maria Barnes]], American author of children's literature (unknown year of death) ** [[Robert C. Hilliard (actor)|Robert C. Hilliard]], American stage actor (d. [[1927]]) * [[June 2]] ** [[Urban Jacob Rasmus Børresen]], Norwegian admiral and industry leader (d. [[1943]]) ** [[Edward Elgar]], English composer (d. [[1934]]) ** [[Karl Adolph Gjellerup]], Danish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1919]]) * [[June 8]] – [[Lawrence Marston]], American actor, playwright and film director (d. [[1939]]) * [[June 10]] – Caroline Louise Dudley (later [[Mrs. Leslie Carter]]), American stage actress (d. [[1937]]) * [[June 12]] – [[Kate Lester]], English stage & silent screen actress (d. [[1924]]) * [[June 16]] – [[Arthur Arz von Straußenburg]], Austro-Hungarian general (d. [[1935]]) * [[June 20]] – [[Mary Gage Day]], American physician (d. [[1935]]) * [[June 30]] – [[Friedrich von Ingenohl]], German admiral (d. [[1933]]) === July–September === [[File:DOROTHEA LUMMIS A woman of the century (page 488 crop).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Dorothea Rhodes Lummis Moore]]]] * [[July 1]] – [[Martha Hughes Cannon]], American politician (d. [[1932]]) * [[July 5]] – [[Clara Zetkin]], German-born Marxist theorist, activist and women's rights advocate (d. [[1933]]) * [[July 11]] – [[Alfred Binet]], French psychologist ([[Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales]]) (d. [[1911]]) * [[July 14]] – [[Vittorio Ranuzzi de' Bianchi]], Italian [[Roman Catholic]] cardinal (d. [[1927]]) * [[July 22]] – [[Shams-ul-haq Azeemabadi]], Indian Islamic scholar (d. [[1911]]) * [[July 23]] – [[Carl Meinhof]], German linguist (d. [[1944]]) * [[July 24]] ** [[Henrik Pontoppidan]], Danish writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1943]]) ** [[Juan Vicente Gómez]], [[President of Venezuela]] (d. [[1935]]) * [[July 25]] – [[Nat Goodwin]], American actor (d. [[1919]]) * [[July 28]] – [[Ballington Booth]], British-born American [[Salvation Army]] officer, co-founder of [[Volunteers of America]] (d. [[1940]]) * [[July 30]] ** [[Lucy Bacon]], California [[Impressionist]] painter (d. [[1932]]) ** [[Thorstein Veblen]], American economist (d. [[1929]]) * [[August 8]] – [[Henry Fairfield Osborn]], American geologist, paleontologist and eugenist (d. [[1935]]) * [[August 14]] – [[Max Wagenknecht]], German composer (d. [[1922]]) * [[August 15]] – [[Albert Ballin]], German shipping magnate, owner of the [[Hamburg America Line]] (d. [[1918]]) * [[August 16]] – [[Ioan Popovici (divisional general)|Ioan Popovici]], Romanian general (d. [[1956]]) * [[August 18]] – [[Sergei Sheydeman]], Russian general (d. [[1922]]) * [[August 27]] – [[Oskar von Hutier]], German general (d. [[1934]]) * [[September 5]] – [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]], Russian scientist, inventor (d. [[1935]]) * [[September 8]] – [[Georg Michaelis]], 6th [[Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)|Chancellor of Germany]] (d. [[1936]]) * [[September 13]] – [[Milton S. Hershey]], American chocolate manufacturer (d. [[1945]]) * [[September 15]] – [[William Howard Taft]], 27th [[President of the United States]] and 10th [[Chief Justice of the United States]] (d. [[1930]]) * [[September 18]] – [[John Hessin Clarke]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1945]]) * [[September 20]] – [[Antoine de Mitry]], French general (d. [[1924]]) * [[September 28]] – [[Lewis Bayly (Royal Navy officer)|Lewis Bayly]], British admiral (d. [[1938]]) === October–December === * [[October 2]] **[[Martinus Theunis Steyn]], Boer lawyer, politician and statesman, sixth and last President of the [[Orange Free State]] (1896–1902) (d. [[1916]]) **[[A. E. Waite]], British occultist (d. [[1942]]) * [[October 5]] – [[Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich]], Irish language writer (d. [[1942]]) * [[October 14]] – [[Joseph Rucker Lamar]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1916]]) * [[October 24]] – [[Ned Williamson]], American baseball player (d. [[1894]]) * [[October 27]] – [[Ernst Trygger]], 19th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. [[1943]]) * [[November 5]] ** [[Joseph Tabrar]], British songwriter (d. [[1931]]) ** [[Ida Tarbell]], American journalist (d. [[1944]]) * [[November 9]] – [[Dorothea Rhodes Lummis Moore]], American physician (d. [[1942]]) * [[November 14]] – [[Mihail Savov]], Bulgarian general (d. [[1928]]) * [[November 15]] – [[Mikhail Alekseyev]], Russian general (d. [[1918]]) * [[November 17]] – [[George Marchant]], English-born inventor, manufacturer and philanthropist (d. [[1941]]) * [[November 26]] – [[Ferdinand de Saussure]], Swiss linguist (d. [[1913]]) * [[November 27]] – [[Charles Scott Sherrington]], English physiologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1952]]) * [[November 28]] – King [[Alfonso XII of Spain]] (d. [[1885]]) * [[November 29]] – [[Theodor Escherich]], German pediatrician (d. [[1911]]) * [[December 3]] – [[Joseph Conrad]], Polish-British novelist (d. [[1924]]) * [[December 4]] – [[Julia Evelyn Ditto Young]], American poet and novelist (d. [[1915]]) ===Date unknown=== * [[Marguerite Merington]], English-born American author (d. [[1951]]) == Deaths == === January–June === * [[January 27]] – [[Dorothea Lieven]], Baltic-German diplomat in Russian services (b. [[1785]]) * [[February 10]] – [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]], British-Canadian explorer (b. [[1770]]) * [[February 15]] – [[Mikhail Glinka]], Russian composer (b. [[1804]])<ref>{{cite book|author=James M Keller|title=Chamber Music: A Listener's Guide|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=9780195382532|page=202}}</ref> * [[February 16]] – [[Elisha Kent Kane]], American explorer of the Arctic regions (b. [[1820]]) * [[March 9]] – [[Dominic Savio]], Italian adolescent saint (b. [[1842]]) * [[March 11]] – [[Manuel José Quintana]], Spanish poet (b. [[1772]]) * [[March 19]] – [[William Henry Playfair]], Scottish architect (b. [[1790]])<ref>{{Cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-22371|title=Playfair, William Henry (1790–1857), architect|last=McKean|first=Charles|year=2004|isbn=|location=|pages=|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/22371}}</ref> * [[April 8]] – [[Mangal Pandey]], Indian soldier (executed; b. 1827)<ref>{{cite book|first=Kim A. |last=Wagner|pages=87|title=The Great Fear of 1857. Rumours, Conspiracies and the Making of the Indian Uprising|date=May 31, 2024 |publisher=Dev Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-93-81406-34-2}}</ref> * [[May 2]] – [[Alfred de Musset]], French poet (b. [[1810]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Alfred de Musset|title=Twelve Plays|publisher=E. Mellen Press|year=2001|isbn=9780773474161|page=1}}</ref> * [[May 11]] – [[Eugène François Vidocq]], French criminal, private detective (b. [[1775]]) * [[May 13]] – [[Parley P. Pratt]], early American [[Latter Day Saint movement]] leader (murdered) (b. [[1807]]) * [[May 16]] – [[Vasily Tropinin]], Russian Romantic painter (b. [[1776]]) * [[May 23]] – [[Augustin-Louis Cauchy]], French mathematician (b. [[1789]]) * [[May 29]] – [[Agustina de Aragón]], Spanish heroine (b. [[1786]]){{cite Q|Q115393061)|editor1=Henry Gardiner Adams}} * [[June 10]] – [[John de Barth Walbach|John Walbach]], French baron and officer in the [[United States Army]], with a military career spanning over 57 years (b. [[1766]]) * [[June 30]] – [[Alcide d'Orbigny]], French naturalist (b. [[1802]]) === July–December === [[File:Joseph Eichendorff.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Joseph Eichendorff]]]] * [[July 4]] – [[Henry Lawrence (Indian Army officer)|Henry Lawrence]], British soldier, statesman (b. [[1806]]) * [[July 15]] – [[Carl Czerny]], Austrian composer (b. [[1791]]) * [[July 19]] – [[Stefano Franscini]], [[member of the Swiss Federal Council]] (b. [[1796]]) * [[July 29]] – [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte]], French naturalist, ornithologist (b. [[1803]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Lucien-Bonaparte-principe-di-Canimo-e-di-Muignano|title=Charles-Lucien Bonaparte, prince di Canino e di Musignano - French scientist|date=25 July 2023 }}</ref> * [[August 3]] – [[Eugène Sue]], French novelist (b. [[1804]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Eugène Sue {{!}} French author |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-Sue |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=December 10, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> * [[September 3]] – [[John McLoughlin]], Canadian trapper (b. [[1784]]) * [[September 5]] – [[Auguste Comte]], French philosopher (b. [[1798]]) * [[November 12]] ** [[Manuel Oribe]], 2nd President of Uruguay (b. [[1792]]) ** [[Maximilian Spinola]], Italian entomologist (b. [[1780]]) * [[November 26]] – [[Joseph von Eichendorff]], German poet (b. [[1788]]) * [[December 3]] – [[Christian Daniel Rauch]], German sculptor (b. [[1777]]) * [[December 15]] – [[Sir George Cayley]], English aviation pioneer (b. [[1773]])<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=37271 |title=Cayley, Sir George, sixth baronet |first=John A. |last=Bagley}}</ref> * [[December 27]] – [[Lucien Baudens]], French military surgeon (b. [[1804]]) === Date unknown === * [[Eduard von Feuchtersleben]], Austrian mining engineer and writer (b. [[1798]]) * [[Elizabeth Philpot]], British paleontologist (b. [[1780]])<ref>{{Cite book|title = The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science|publisher = Routledge|year = 2000|isbn = 9780415920384|location = London|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict02ogil |volume = 2: L-Z |editor-last = Ogilvie |editor-first = Marilyn Bailey |editor-first2 = Joy Dorothy |editor-last2 = Harvey|editor-link = Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie|editor2-link = Joy Harvey|page=1018}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1857}} [[Category:1857| ]]
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