Editing 1863 in literature

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1863|literature|poetry}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2020}} 
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1863'''.

==Events==
*[[January 1]] – The essayist and poet [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] commemorates today's [[Emancipation Proclamation]] in the United States by composing "[[Boston Hymn]]" and surprising a crowd of 3,000 with a debut reading of it at [[Boston Music Hall]].
*[[January 31]] – [[Jules Verne]]'s novel ''[[Five Weeks in a Balloon|Five Weeks in a Balloon, or, Journeys and Discoveries in Africa by Three Englishmen]] (Cinq semaines en ballon)'' is published by [[Pierre-Jules Hetzel]] in Paris. It will be the first of Verne's ''[[Voyages Extraordinaires]]''.
*[[February 3]] – Samuel Langhorne Clemens, in signing a humorous letter to the ''[[Mark Twain at the Territorial Enterprise|Territorial Enterprise]]'' newspaper in [[Virginia City, Nevada]], first uses the [[pen name]] [[Mark Twain]].
*[[February 28]] – [[Flaubert]] and [[Turgenev]] meet for the first time, in Paris.<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Orlando Figes|first=Orlando|last=Figes|title=The Europeans|location=[London]|publisher=Allen Lane|year=2019|isbn=978-0-241-00489-0|pages=298–9}}</ref>
*[[June 12]] – [[The Arts Club]] is founded by [[Charles Dickens]], [[Anthony Trollope]], [[Frederic Leighton]] and others in London's [[Mayfair]], as a social meeting place for those involved or interested in the creative arts.
*[[June 13]] – [[Samuel Butler (novelist)|Samuel Butler]]'s [[dystopia]]n article "[[Darwin among the Machines]]" is published (as by "Cellarius") in ''[[The Press]]'' newspaper in [[Christchurch]], New Zealand; it will be incorporated into his novel ''[[Erewhon]]'' ([[1872 in literature|1872]]).
*November – [[Mendele Mocher Sforim]]'s first [[Yiddish language]] story, "Dos Kleine Menshele" (The Little Man), is published in the [[Odessa]] weekly ''[[Kol Mevasser]]''.<ref name="Liptzin1985">{{cite book|author=Solomon Liptzin|title=A History of Yiddish Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=96eAAAAAIAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Jonathan David|isbn=978-0-8246-0307-6|page=41}}</ref>
*[[December 29]] – An estimated 7000 people attend the funeral of [[William Makepeace Thackeray]] at [[Kensington Gardens]] and nearly 2000 his burial in London's [[Kensal Green Cemetery]].<ref>[http://www.victorianweb.org/art/parks/kensalgreen/17.html Victorian Web: Grave of William Makepeace Thackeray]. Accessed 8 March 2013</ref>
*''unknown dates''
**The [[Freies Deutsches Hochstift]] association acquires the [[Goethe House]] (his 1749 birthplace) in Frankfurt am Main.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stumm|first=Alexander|title=Architektonische Konzepte der Rekonstruktion|date=2017|publisher=Birkhäuser|isbn=978-3-0356-1349-0|pages=161–166}}</ref>
**The [[Romania]]n ''[[Junimea]]'' [[literary society]] is established in [[Iași]]. It will exercise a major influence on [[Romanian culture]] until the 1910s.<ref>{{cite book|title=Romanian Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z6lMAAAAYAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Romania|page=62}}</ref>
**''Elvira, or the Love of a Tyrant'', a novel by the [[Naples|Neapolitan]] author Giuseppe Folliero de Luna, becomes the first published in the [[Maltese language]], as ''Elvira Jew Imħabba ta’ Tirann''.
** Peruvian writer [[Ricardo Palma]] begins periodical publication of his ''Peruvian Traditions'' (''Tradiciones peruanas'').
**Publication begins in the U.K. of a seminal edition of ''The Works of William Shakespeare'' (the "Cambridge Shakespeare"), edited by [[William George Clark]] and [[William Aldis Wright]], published by [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] and printed by [[Cambridge University Press]].<ref>{{cite book|author=William Shakespeare|title=The Tragedy of King Lear|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0IAcYnfTnvMC&pg=PR5|date=15 October 1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-33729-8|pages=5}}</ref>

==New books==
===Fiction===
* [[William Harrison Ainsworth]] – ''[[Cardinal Pole (novel)|Cardinal Pole]]''
*[[Mary Elizabeth Braddon]]
**''[[Aurora Floyd]]''
**''Eleanor's Victory''
**''John Marchman's Legacy''
*[[Nikolai Chernyshevsky]] – ''[[What Is to Be Done? (novel)|What Is to Be Done?]]'' (Что делать?, ''Shto delat'?'')
*[[George Eliot]] – ''[[Romola]]''
*"Charles Felix" (probably [[Charles Warren Adams]]) – ''[[The Notting Hill Mystery]]'' (serialization completed, book form; considered first full-length [[detective novel]] in English)<ref>{{cite news|first=Paul|last=Collins|title=Before Hercule or Sherlock, There Was Ralph|work=[[The New York Times Book Review]]|date=2011-01-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Julian|last=Symons|authorlink=Julian Symons|title=Bloody Murder: From the Detective Story to the Crime Novel|location=London|publisher=Faber and Faber|year=1972|isbn=978-0-571-09465-3|quote=There is no doubt that the first detective novel, preceding Collins and Gaboriau, was The Notting Hill Mystery.|page=51}}</ref>
*[[Elizabeth Gaskell]]
**''[[A Dark Night's Work]]''
**''[[Sylvia's Lovers]]''
*[[Théophile Gautier]] – ''[[Captain Fracasse (novel)|Captain Fracasse]]''
*[[Edward Everett Hale]] – ''[[The Man Without a Country]]''
*[[Mary Jane Holmes]] – ''Marian Grey''
*[[Jean Ingelow]] – "[[The Prince's Dream]]" (short story)
*[[Julia Kavanagh]] – ''Queen Mab''
*[[Sheridan Le Fanu]] – ''[[The House by the Churchyard]]''
*[[John Neal]] — ''The White-Faced Pacer, or, Before and After the Battle''<ref>{{Cite book | publisher = University of Chicago Press | isbn = 0-226-46969-7 | last = Lease | first = Benjamin | title = That Wild Fellow John Neal and the American Literary Revolution | location = Chicago, Illinois | year = 1972 | page = 206}}</ref>
*[[Margaret Oliphant]] – ''Salem Chapel'', first of ''The Chronicles of Carlingford'' (in book form)
*[[Ouida]] – ''Held in Bondage''<ref>{{cite book|first=Q. D.|last=Leavis|authorlink=Q. D. Leavis|title=Fiction and the Reading Public|edition=2nd|location=London|publisher=Chatto & Windus|year=1965}}</ref>
*[[Charles Reade]] – ''Very Hard Cash'' (later ''[[Hard Cash (novel)|Hard Cash]]'')
*[[Miguel Riofrío]] – ''La Emancipada'' (the first [[Ecuador]]ian novel)
*[[Anne Isabella Thackeray Ritchie|Anne Thackeray Ritchie]] – ''The Story of Elizabeth''
*[[Leo Tolstoy]] – ''[[The Cossacks (novel)|The Cossacks: A Caucasus Tale of 1852]]'' (Казаки, ''Kazaki'')
*[[Anthony Trollope]] - ''[[Rachel Ray (novel)]]''
*[[John Townsend Trowbridge]] – ''Cudjo's Cave''
*[[Giovanni Verga]] – ''Sulle Lagune'' (In the Lagoons)

===Children and young people===
*[[Charles Kingsley]] – ''[[The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for a Land Baby]]'' (complete in book form)<ref>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title= The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=283–284|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
*[[Jules Verne]] – ''[[Five Weeks in a Balloon]]''

===Drama===
*[[W. S. Gilbert]] – ''Uncle Baby''
*[[Tom Taylor]] – ''[[The Ticket-of-Leave Man (play)|The Ticket-of-Leave Man]]''

===Poetry===
*[[Rosalía de Castro]] – ''Cantares gallegos''
*[[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]] – ''[[Tales of a Wayside Inn]]'', including "[[Paul Revere's Ride (poem)|Paul Revere's Ride]]"

===Non-fiction===
*[[John Austin (legal philosopher)|John Austin]] (posthumously, compiled by [[Sarah Austin (translator)|Sarah Austin]]) – ''Lectures on Jurisprudence''
*[[Samuel Bache]] – ''Miracles the Credentials of the Christ''
*[[William Barnes]] – ''Glossary of Dorset Dialect''
*[[Henry Walter Bates]] – ''[[The Naturalist on the River Amazons]]''.<ref name="The People's Chronology">{{cite book|chapter=1863|title=The People's Chronology|editor=Everett, Jason M.|publisher=Thomson Gale|year=2006}}</ref>
*[[William Wells Brown]] – ''[[The Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius and His Achievements]]''
*[[Francis James Child]] – ''Observations on the Language of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales''
*[[Gustav Freytag]] – ''Die Technik des Dramas''
*[[Alexander Gilchrist]] (posthumously, edited by [[Anne Gilchrist (writer)|Anne Gilchrist]]) – ''[[Life of William Blake|Life of William Blake, "Pictor Ignotus"; with selections from his poems and other writings]]'' 
*[[William Howitt]] – ''History of the Supernatural''
*[[Fanny Kemble]] – ''[[Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838–1839]]''
*[[Abraham Lincoln]] – ''[[The Gettysburg Address]]''
*[[Charles Lyell]] – ''[[Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man]]''<ref name="The People's Chronology"/>
*[[Ernest Renan]] – ''The Life of Jesus (Vie de Jésus)''

==Births==
*[[February 9]] – [[Anthony Hope]] (Anthony Hope Hawkins), English novelist and playwright (died [[1933 in literature|1933]])
*[[February 14]] – [[Virginia Frazer Boyle]], American author, poet (died [[1938 in literature|1938]])
*[[March 3]] – [[Arthur Machen]] (Arthur Llewellyn Jones), Welsh novelist and short story writer (died [[1947 in literature|1947]])
*[[March 9]] — [[Emelie Tracy Y. Swett]], American author (d. [[1892 in literature|1892]])
*[[March 12]] – [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], Italian poet (died [[1938 in literature|1938]])
*[[March 17]] – [[Olivia Shakespear]] (née Tucker), British novelist, playwright and patron of the arts (died 1938)
*[[April 9]] – [[Henry De Vere Stacpoole]], Irish novelist (died [[1951 in literature|1951]])
*[[April 20]] — [[Helen Dortch Longstreet]], American social advocate, librarian, and newspaper woman (died [[1962 in literature|1962]])
*[[April 26]] – [[Arno Holz]], German [[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalist]] poet and dramatist (died [[1929 in literature|1929]])
*[[April 29]] – [[Constantine P. Cavafy|Constantine Cavafy]], Greek Alexandrine poet (died [[1933 in literature|1933]])
*[[May 27]] – [[Matthew J. Royal]], Canadian novelist and playwright (died [[1900 in literature|1900]])<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/royal_matthew_j|title=Royal, Matthew J|date=12 September 2022|first=John|last= Clute|encyclopedia=[[The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction]]}}</ref>
*[[June 10]] – [[Louis Couperus]], Dutch fiction writer (died [[1923 in literature|1923]])
*[[June 20]] – [[Florence White (writer)|Florence White]], English food writer (died [[1940 in literature|1940]])
*[[July 13]] – [[Margaret Murray]], Indian-born English archeologist and historian (died [[1963 in literature|1963]])
*[[August 7]] – [[Gene Stratton Porter]], American novelist and naturalist (died [[1924 in literature|1924]])
*[[September 1]] – [[Violet Jacob]] (Violet Kennedy-Erskine), Scottish historical novelist and poet (died [[1946 in literature|1946]])
*[[September 8]] – [[W. W. Jacobs]], English short story writer (died [[1943 in literature|1943]])
*[[September 22]] – [[Ferenc Herczeg]] (Franz Herzog), Hungarian dramatist (died [[1954 in literature|1954]])
*[[November 1]]
**[[Charlotte O'Conor Eccles]], Irish-born London writer, translator and journalist (died [[1911 in literature|1911]])
**[[Arthur Morrison]], English writer (died [[1945 in literature|1945]])
*[[November 18]] – [[Richard Dehmel]], German poet (died [[1920 in literature|1920]])
*[[November 21]] – Sir [[Arthur Quiller-Couch]] (Q.), English novelist and anthologist (died [[1944 in literature|1944]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Arthue Quiller -Couch A biographical study of Q|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zRU9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA3|publisher=CUP Archive|pages=3}}</ref>
*[[December 16]] – [[George Santayana]], American novelist and poet (died [[1952 in literature|1952]])

==Deaths==
*[[May 13]] – [[August Hahn]], German Protestant theologian (born [[1792 in literature|1792]])
*[[July 3]] – [[William Barksdale]], American journalist and Confederate general (killed in action, born [[1821 in literature|1821]]<ref>[http://www.genbarksdale.org/William%20Barksdale.html William Barksdale biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916220313/http://genbarksdale.org/William%20Barksdale.html |date=2013-09-16 }}, [[Sons of Confederate Veterans]]</ref> 
*[[July 10]] – [[Clement Clarke Moore]], American classicist and poet (born [[1779 in literature|1779]])
*[[September 17]] – [[Alfred de Vigny]], French poet, dramatist and novelist (born [[1797 in literature|1797]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Alfred de Vigny|title=Cinq Mars (Complete)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RAffzD-IX5oC&pg=PT1|year=1972|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-5006-4|pages=1}}</ref>
*[[September 20]] – [[Jacob Grimm]], German philologist and fairy-tale author (born [[1785 in literature|1785]])<ref>{{cite book|author=William Bright|title=International Encyclopedia of Linguistics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCFXAAAAYAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-505196-4|page=93}}</ref>
*[[October 6]] – [[Frances Trollope]], English novelist and writer (born [[1779 in literature|1779]])
*[[October 8]] – [[Richard Whately]], English theologian and archbishop (born [[1787 in literature|1787]])
*[[December 13]] – [[Christian Friedrich Hebbel]], German poet and dramatist (born [[1813 in literature|1813]])
*[[December 17]] – [[Émile Saisset]], French philosopher (born [[1814 in literature|1814]])
*[[December 24]] – [[William Makepeace Thackeray]], Indian-born English novelist and travel writer (stroke, born [[1811 in literature|1811]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Nineteenth Century and After|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GafQAAAAMAAJ|year=1945|publisher=Leonard Scott Publishing Company|page=127}}</ref>

==Awards==
*[[Newdigate Prize]] – [[Thomas Llewellyn Thomas]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://biography.wales/article/s3-THOM-LLE-1840 |title=Thomas, Thomas Llewelyn (1840&ndash;1897), scholar, teacher and linguist |work=Welsh Biography Online |publisher=University of Wales Press |last=Jones |first=Gwilym Arthur |accessdate=20 October 2020}}</ref>

==References==
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{{Year in literature article categories}}