Editing 1865 in literature

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{{Year nav topic5|1865|literature|poetry}}

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1865'''.

==Events==
[[File:Alice par John Tenniel 04.png|thumb|[[Alice (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)|Alice]] in a [[John Tenniel|Tenniel]] illustration from ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'']]
*January – The first issue appears of ''Our Young Folks'', an American monthly for children produced by [[Ticknor and Fields]] in [[Boston]].
*February – Publication of [[Leo Tolstoy]]'s ''1805'', an early version of ''[[War and Peace]]'', begins in the magazine ''[[The Russian Messenger|Russkiy Vestnik]]''.
*[[April 14]] – The [[President of the United States]], [[Abraham Lincoln]], is shot while attending a performance of the [[farce]] ''[[Our American Cousin]]'' at [[Ford's Theatre]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], by actor and [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] sympathizer [[John Wilkes Booth]]. Lincoln dies the following day.
*[[June 9]] – [[Charles Dickens]] is caught in the [[Staplehurst rail crash]] in Kent, England, together with the actress [[Ellen Ternan]] and her mother. Dickens is deeply affected by the event for the rest of his life.<ref>{{cite book|author=Claire Wood|title=Dickens and the Business of Death|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hxp2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA196|date=5 March 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-09863-3|pages=196}}</ref>
*[[June 14]] – [[Karl May]] begins a four-year prison sentence for thefts and frauds at [[Osterstein Castle (Zwickau)]].
*July – The American magazine for children ''The Little Corporal'' first appears.
*[[July 4]] – [[Lewis Carroll]]'s children's book ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]'' is published by [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] in London for Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Carroll),<ref name=CBH>{{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Alan |last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica |year=1992 |title=The Chronology of British History |publisher=Century Ltd |location=London |page=286 |isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref><ref name="People's Chronology">{{cite book |chapter=1865 |title=The People's Chronology |editor=Everett, Jason M. |publisher=Thomson Gale |year=2006}}</ref> three years after it was first narrated to [[Alice Liddell]] and her sisters. He and his illustrator, [[John Tenniel]], withdraw this edition (printed in Oxford),<ref>{{cite web |title=The Works of Charles Dodgson: ''Alice'' |url=http://lewiscarrollsociety.org.uk/pages/aboutcharlesdodgson/works/alice.html |publisher=The Lewis Carroll Society |date=2014-09-20 |accessdate=2014-10-21 |archive-date=2014-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014031643/http://lewiscarrollsociety.org.uk/pages/aboutcharlesdodgson/works/alice.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the first trade editions are published on November 26 and released in December (dated 1866), that published by [[D. Appleton & Company|Appleton]] in [[New York City|New York]] using the rejected sheets from the earlier printing.
*[[November 11]] – London [[West End theatre|West End]] opening of the comedy drama ''[[Society (play)|Society]]'' written and directed by [[Thomas William Robertson]] at the [[Scala Theatre|Prince of Wales's Theatre]], considered a milestone in English Victorian drama because of its realism in dialogue and performance.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pemberton |first=T. Edgar |authorlink=Thomas Edgar Pemberton |title=Society and Caste |year=1905 |publisher=D.C. Heath & Co. |location=Boston |url=https://archive.org/stream/societyandcastee00robeuoft/societyandcastee00robeuoft_djvu.txt |chapter=The English Drama from its Beginning to the Present Day}}</ref>
*[[November 18]] – [[Mark Twain]]'s story "[[The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County]]" is published in the New York weekly ''[[The Saturday Press (literary newspaper)|The Saturday Press]]'' in its original version as "Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog".
*''unknown dates''
**English writer [[Edwin Abbott Abbott]] becomes headmaster of the [[City of London School]] at the age of 26.<ref name="Abbott2009">{{cite book|author=Edwin Abbott|title=Flatland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FNzxCS3ZVGIC&pg=PT74|date=13 November 2009|publisher=Broadview Press|isbn=978-1-77048-129-9|pages=74}}</ref>
**[[Frederick Warne & Co]] established as publishers in London.

==New books==
===Fiction===
* [[William Harrison Ainsworth]] – ''[[The Spanish Match (novel)|The Spanish Match]]''
*[[José de Alencar]] – ''[[Iracema]]''
*[[R. M. Ballantyne]] – ''The Lighthouse''
*[[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]] – ''[[Durgeshnandini]]''
*[[Annie Hall Cudlip]] – ''Theo Leigh''
*[[Charles Dickens]] – ''[[Our Mutual Friend]]'' (publication concludes)<ref name=CBH/>
*[[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]] – "[[The Crocodile (short story)|The Crocodile]]" («Крокодил», ''Krokodil'', short story published in ''[[Epoch (Russian magazine)|Epoch]]'')
*[[Goncourt brothers]] – ''[[Germinie Lacerteux]]''
*[[Charles Kingsley]] – ''[[Hereward the Wake (novel)|Hereward the Wake]]''
*[[Sheridan Le Fanu]] – ''Guy Deverell''
*[[Nikolai Leskov]] – ''[[Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District (novel)|Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District]]'' («Леди Макбет Мценского уезда», novella published in ''Epoch'' January)
*[[George MacDonald]] – ''[[Alec Forbes of Howglen]]''
*[[Francis Marrash]] – ''Ghābat al-ḥaqq'' (Forest of Truth)<ref>{{cite book|first=Alexa|last=Firat|chapter=Syria|editor=Hassan, Waïl S.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Arab Novelistic Traditions|year=2017|pages=439-440}}</ref>
*[[Robert Smith Surtees]] (died 1864) – ''Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds''
*[[Anthony Trollope]] – ''[[Can You Forgive Her?]]'' (publication concludes) and "[[Miss Mackenzie]]"
*[[Jules Verne]] – ''[[From the Earth to the Moon]] (De la Terre à la Lune)''
*[[Émile Zola]] – ''La Confession de Claude''

===Children and young people===
*[[Wilhelm Busch]] – ''[[Max and Moritz|Max und Moritz]]''<ref>Hahn 2015, p. 381</ref>
*[[Lewis Carroll]] – ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]''<ref>Hahn 2015, p. 16</ref>
*[[Mary Mapes Dodge]] – ''[[Hans Brinker, or The Silver Skates]]''<ref>Hahn 2015, p. 170</ref>
*[[Jean Ingelow]] – ''Stories Told to a Child''
*[[Mary Wright Sewell]] – ''Mother's Last Words: a ballad''

===Drama===
*[[Francis Burnand]] – ''Windsor Castle''
*[[Henry James Byron]] – ''War to the Knife''
*[[Henrik Ibsen]] – ''[[Brand (play)|Brand]]''
*[[T. W. Robertson]] – ''[[Society (play)|Society]]''
*[[Victorien Sardou]] – ''La Famille Benoîton''

===Poetry===
*[[Edward Lear]] – ''The History of the Seven Families of the Lake Pipple-Popple''
*[[A. C. Swinburne]]
**''Atalanta in Calydon''
**''Chastelard: a tragedy''

===Non-fiction===
*''[[Annals of the Joseon Dynasty]]'' (final volume)
*[[Matthew Arnold]] – ''Essays in Criticism''
*[[P. T. Barnum]] – ''The Humbugs of the World''
*[[Jacob Grimm]] – ''Deutsche Sagen'' (German Sayings)
*[[Friedrich Albert Lange]] – ''[[History of Materialism and Critique of its Present Importance]]'' (''Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart'', published October dated 1866)
*[[Karl Marx]] – ''Value, Price and Profit'' (written as speech)
*[[John Stuart Mill]] – ''Examinations of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy''
*[[William Gifford Palgrave]] – ''Narrative of a Year's Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia''
*[[James Hutchison Stirling]] – ''[[The Secret of Hegel]]: Being the Hegelian System in Origin Principle, Form and Matter''
*[[James Hudson Taylor]] – ''[[China's Spiritual Need and Claims]]''

==Births==
*[[February 12]] – [[Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer]], Polish poet and novelist (died [[1949 in literature|1940]])
*[[February 21]] – [[John Haden Badley]], English educationalist and writer (died [[1967 in literature|1967]])
*[[March 15]] – [[Edith Maude Eaton]] (Sui-Sin Far), English-born writer on Chinese affairs (died [[1914 in literature|1914]])
*[[March 20]] – [[Arthur Bayldon]], English-born Australian poet (died [[1958 in literature|1958]])
*[[March 27]] – [[Marion Angus]], Scottish poet writing in [[Scots language|Braid Scots]] and English (died [[1946 in literature|1946]])
*[[March 28]] – [[Mary Findlater]], Scottish novelist (died [[1963 in literature|1963]])
*[[March 29]] – [[Stephen Bonsal]], American writer, journalist and translator (died [[1951 in literature|1951]])
*[[May 2]] – [[Clyde Fitch]], American playwright (died [[1909 in literature|1909]])
*[[May 15]] – [[Albert Verwey]], Dutch poet (died [[1937 in literature|1937]])
*[[June 13]] – [[W. B. Yeats]], Irish poet (died [[1939 in literature|1939]])<ref>{{cite book|first=A. Norman | last = Jeffares| author-link = A. Norman Jeffares | title=W.B. Yeats: A New Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8mtO3HLhjIC&pg=PA1|date=1 September 2001|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4411-1770-0|pages=1}}</ref>
*[[June 15]] – [[Emma Wolf]], American novelist (died [[1932 in literature|1932]])<ref name="JWA2021">{{cite web |last1=Kirzane |first1=Jessica |title=Emma Wolf |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/wolf-emma |website=Jewish Women's Archive |access-date=8 June 2023 |language=en |date=23 June 2021}}</ref>
*[[June 20]] – [[Enrico Corradini]], Italian novelist and essayist (died [[1931 in literature|1931]])
*[[June 26]] – [[Bernard Berenson]], American art historian (died [[1959 in literature|1959]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Ernest Samuels|title=Bernard Berenson: The Making of a Connoisseur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdhmgQxW0lcC&pg=PA3|year=1981|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-06777-6|pages=3}}</ref>
*[[July 21]] – [[M. P. Shiel]], born Matthew Phipps Shiell, [[Montserrat]]-born British fantasy fiction author (died [[1947 in literature|1947]])
*[[August 14]] – [[Pietro Gori]], Italian anarchist poet (died [[1911 in literature|1911]])
*[[August 26]] – [[Ellen Marriage]], English translator of [[Honoré de Balzac|Balzac]] (died [[1946 in literature|1946]])
*[[September 11]] – [[Rainis]], Latvian poet and dramatist (died [[1929 in literature|1929]])
*[[November 2]] – [[Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao]], Indian writer (died [[1940 in literature|1940]])
*[[December 11]] – [[Frida Stéenhoff]], Swedish writer (died [[1945 in literature|1945]])
*[[December 13]] – [[Ángel Ganivet]], Spanish writer (suicide [[1898 in literature|1898]])
*[[December 30]] – [[Rudyard Kipling]], English poet and fiction writer (died [[1936 in literature|1936]])

==Deaths==
*[[January 11]] – [[Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Ferland]], French Canadian historian (born [[1805 in literature|1805]])
*[[January 18]] – [[Charles Greville (diarist)|Charles Greville]], English diarist (born [[1794 in literature|1794]])
*[[January 19]] – [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]], French philosopher (born [[1809 in literature|1809]])
*[[January 21]] – [[X. B. Saintine]], French novelist and dramatist (born [[1798 in literature|1798]])
*[[February 6]] – [[Isabella Beeton]], English writer on household management (born [[1836 in literature|1836]])<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC - History - Mrs Beeton |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/beeton_mrs.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref>
*[[February 25]] – [[Otto Ludwig (writer)|Otto Ludwig]], German novelist and playwright (born [[1813 in literature|1813]])
*[[April 2]]
**[[John Cassell]], English publisher (born [[1817 in literature|1817]])
**[[Richard Cobden]], English political writer (born [[1804 in literature|1804]])
*[[April 10]] – [[Shoqan Walikhanov]], Russian Kazakh historian and folklorist (born [[1835 in literature|1835]])
*[[April 13]] – [[Theodosia Trollope]], English-born writer (born [[1816 in literature|1816]])
*[[April 15]] – [[Abraham Lincoln]], American orator and president of the republic (born [[1809 in literature|1809]])
*[[May 14]] – [[Pierre François Xavier de Ram]], Belgian historian (born [[1804 in literature|1804]])
*[[June 10]] – [[Lydia Sigourney]], American poet (born [[1791 in literature|1791]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Haight|first=Gordon S.|title=Mrs. Sigourney, The Sweet Singer of Hartford|url=https://archive.org/details/mrssigourneyswee00haig|url-access=registration|location=New Haven|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1930}}</ref>
*[[June 11]] – [[Frederic Charles Lascelles Wraxall]], English writer (born [[1828 in literature|1828]])
*[[August 4]] – [[William Edmondstoune Aytoun]], Scottish poet and humorist (born 1813)
*[[September 29]] – [[Richard Lower (poet)|Richard Lower]], English dialect poet (born [[1782 in literature|1782]])
*[[September 30]] – [[Dudley Costello]], Irish writer and journalist (born [[1803 in literature|1803]])
*[[November 12]] – [[Elizabeth Gaskell]], English novelist (born [[1810 in literature|1810]])
*[[December 1]] – [[Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich]], Swiss poet (born [[1796 in literature|1796]])
*[[December 3]] – [[Joseph Marie Quérard]], French bibliographer (born [[1797 in literature|1797]])
*[[December 20]] – [[Barton Bouchier]], English religious writer (born [[1794 in literature|1794]])

==Awards==
*[[Newdigate Prize]] – Frederic Dobree Teesdale<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ceey5RQHgHoC&dq=Frederic+Dobree+Teesdale+newdigate&pg=PA459|editor=Bertie, David|title=Scottish Episcopal Clergy, 1689-2000|date=January 2000|page=459|isbn=9780567087461|accessdate=2015-06-11}}</ref> 

==Notes==
* {{cite book |last1=Hahn |first1=Daniel |title=The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford. University Press |isbn=9780198715542 |edition=2nd}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
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{{Year in literature article categories}}