Editing 1869 in science

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1869|science}}
{{Science year nav|1869}}

The year '''1869 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Events==
* November 4 – The first issue of scientific journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' is published in [[London]], edited by [[Norman Lockyer]].

==Chemistry==
[[Image:Mendeleev's 1869 periodic table.png|300px|thumb|left|[[Mendeleev]]'s 1869 [[periodic table]]]]
* March 6 – [[Dmitri Mendeleev]] makes a formal presentation of his [[periodic table]] to the Russian Chemical Society.
* June 15 – [[John Wesley Hyatt]] [[patent]]s [[celluloid]], in [[Albany, New York]].
* July 15 – [[Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès]] files a patent for [[margarine]] (as ''oleomargarine'') in France as a beef [[tallow]] and skimmed milk substitute for butter.
* German chemist [[Lothar Meyer]] makes a formal presentation of the revised and expanded version of his independently-created 1864 periodic table, „Die Natur der chemischen Elemente als Funktion ihrer Atomgewichte". 
* Publication of [[Charles-Adolphe Wurtz|Adolphe Wurtz]]'s ''Dictionnaire de chimie pure et appliquée'' begins in [[Paris]].

==Life sciences==
* April 6 – The [[American Museum of Natural History]] is founded in [[New York City|New York]].
* June 24 – [[Sea Birds Preservation Act 1869|Sea Birds Preservation Act]] passed in the United Kingdom, preventing killing of designated species during the breeding season, the first Act to offer any protection to British wild birds.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Barclay-Smith|first=Phyllis|year=1959|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120816053/abstract|title=The British contribution to bird protection|journal=[[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]]|volume=101|issue=1|pages=115–122|doi=10.1111/j.1474-919X.1959.tb02363.x|access-date=2021-02-16|archive-date=2013-01-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105075744/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120816053/abstract|url-status=dead|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[Paul Langerhans]] discovers the [[pancreatic islets]].
* [[Friedrich Miescher]] discovers [[deoxyribonucleic acid]] (DNA) in the pus of discarded surgical bandages. Found in the nuclei of cells, Miescher names it "[[nuclein]]".
* [[Neurasthenia]] is first published as a diagnosis in [[psychopathology]] by Michigan [[Psychiatry|alienist]] E. H. Van Deusen of the Kalamazoo asylum<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Van Deusen|first1=E. H.|title=Observations on a form of nervous prostration (neurasthenia) culminating in insanity|journal=American Journal of Insanity|date=April 1869|volume=25|issue=4|pages=445–461|doi=10.1176/ajp.25.4.445|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1448629}}</ref> followed a few months later by New York neurologist [[George Miller Beard]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Beard|first=George|year=1869|title=Neurasthenia, or nervous exhaustion|journal=The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal|volume=80|issue=13|pages=217–221|doi=10.1056/NEJM186904290801301|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2086793}}</ref>
* [[French people|French]] [[missionary]] and [[naturalist]] Père [[Armand David]] receives the skin of a [[giant panda]] from a hunter, the first time this species has become known to a Westerner;<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441032/giant-panda|title=Giant Panda|year=2010|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]|accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> he also first describes a specimen of the "pocket handkerchief tree", which will be named in his honor as ''[[Davidia involucrata]]''.
* [[Alfred Russel Wallace]] publishes ''[[The Malay Archipelago]]''.

==Mathematics==
* [[William Stanley Jevons|W. Stanley Jevons]] publishes ''The Substitution of Similars'' and has a "Logic Piano" constructed to work out problems in [[symbolic logic]].<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Ivor Grattan-Guinness|last=Grattan-Guinness|first=Ivor|year=2000|title=The Search for Mathematical Roots, 1870–1940|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-05857-3}}</ref>
* [[Hermann Schwarz]] devises [[Schwarz–Christoffel mapping]].

==Technology==
* Approximate date – [[Henry Christopher Mance]] develops a practical military [[heliograph]] in the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Woods|first=Daniel|title=Military Communications: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1851097326|page=208|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RBC2nY1rp5MC&dq=heliograph&pg=PA211|chapter=Heliograph and Mirrors|editor=Sterling, Christopher}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Mance|first=Henry|title=The Heliograph or Sun Telegraph|journal=United Service Institution of India|date=1872-02-10|volume=1|issue=5|pages=123–130|hdl=2027/mdp.39015035103855?urlappend=%3Bseq=665|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015035103855?urlappend=%3Bseq=665|accessdate=2013-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Goode|first=Samuel|title=Mance's Heliograph, or Sun-Telegraph|journal=Journal of the Royal United Service Institution|date=1875-06-14|volume=XIX|issue=LXXXIII|pages=534–548|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sA5KDfwzI3MC&pg=PA533|accessdate=2011-06-21|doi=10.1080/03071847509415772}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Henri Victor Regnault]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=23 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Wollaston Medal]] for Geology: [[Henry Clifton Sorby]]

==Births==
* February 14 – [[C. T. R. Wilson]] (died [[1959 in science|1959]]), [[Scottish people|Scottish]] physicist and meteorologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]].
* February 27 – [[Alice Hamilton]] (died [[1970 in science|1970]]), American physician.<ref>{{cite book |first=Barbara |last=Sicherman |title=Notable American Women: The Modern Period: a Biographical Dictionary |location=Cambridge |publisher=Belknap Press |year=1980 |page=303 |isbn=978-0-67462-733-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfGHM9KU7aEC&pg=PA303}}</ref>
* April 8 – [[Harvey Cushing]] (died [[1939 in science|1939]]), [[Americans|American]] [[neurosurgeon]].
* April 17 – [[Robert Robertson (chemist)|Robert Robertson]] (died [[1949 in science|1949]]), Scottish-born chemist.
* June 19 – [[Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison|Christopher Addison]] (died [[1951 in science|1951]]), [[English people|English]] [[anatomist]] and politician.
* July 18 – [[Maria von Linden]] (died [[1936 in science|1936]]), [[Germans|German]] [[bacteriologist]] and zoologist.
* August 23 – [[Robert Gunther]] (died [[1940 in science|1940]]), English historian of science.
* October 3 – [[Robert W. Paul]] (died [[1943 in science|1943]]), English pioneer of cinematography.
* November 23 – [[Valdemar Poulsen]] (died [[1942 in science|1942]]), Danish audio engineer.
* December 16 – [[Bertha Lamme Feicht|Bertha Lamme]] (died 1943), American electrical engineer.
* [[Helen Boyle]] (died [[1957 in science|1957]]), [[British people|British]] [[physician]] and [[psychologist]].

==Deaths==
* July 22 – [[John A. Roebling]] (born [[1806 in science|1806]]), [[German American]] bridge engineer.
* July 28 – [[Carl Gustav Carus]] (born [[1789 in science|1789]]), German [[physiologist]] and landscape painter.
* September 11 – [[Thomas Graham (chemist)|Thomas Graham]] (born [[1805 in science|1805]]), [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[chemist]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1869 In Science}}
[[Category:1869 in science| ]]
[[Category:1860s in science]]
[[Category:19th century in science]]