Editing 1871 in literature

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1871|literature|poetry}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2020}} 
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1871.

==Events==
[[File:the-bells-1871.jpg|thumb|right|Programme for the opening night of ''[[The Bells (play)|The Bells]]'']]
[[File:irving-the-bells.jpg|thumb|right|[[Henry Irving]] as Mathias in ''The Bells'']]
*[[January 1]] – The children's literary magazine ''[[Young Folks (magazine)|Young Folks]]'' begins publication in the United Kingdom as ''Our Young Folks' Weekly Budget''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sheila A. Egoff|title=Children's Periodicals of the Nineteenth Century: A Survey and Bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlzpAAAAMAAJ|year=1951|publisher=Library Association|page=23}}</ref>
*January – [[John Ruskin]] begins publishing ''[[Fors Clavigera]]'', his originally monthly "letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain".
*[[March 18]]–[[May 28]] – The [[Paris Commune]] is influential on the literary figures in the city at the time and far beyond:
** [[Jules Vallès]] publishes his newspaper ''Le Cri du Peuple'' February 22–May 23 (with interruptions).
** At the beginning of April, [[Victor Hugo]] moves to Brussels to take care of the family of his son, who has just died, but closely follows events in Paris, on April 21 publishing the poem "Pas de représailles" (No reprisals) and on June 11 writing the poem "Sur une barricade" (On the barricade).
**[[Émile Zola]], as a journalist for ''Le Sémaphore de Marseille'', reports the fall of the Commune, and is one of the first reporters to enter the city during ''Semaine sanglante'' (Bloody Week, beginning May 21).
*October – "Thomas Maitland", i. e. [[Robert Williams Buchanan]], attacks [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]] and other members of what Buchanan calls the "[[Fleshly School]]" of English poetry in ''[[The Contemporary Review]]''. On December 16 Rossetti replies in "The Stealthy School of Criticism" in the ''[[Athenaeum (British magazine)|Athenaeum]]''.
*[[November 25]] – First performance of ''[[The Bells (play)|The Bells]]'' starring [[Henry Irving]] at the [[Lyceum Theatre, London]],<ref>{{Cite book |editor=Rowell, George |editor-link=George Rowell (historian) |year=1953 |title=Nineteenth Century Plays |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=[[Oxford World's Classics|World's Classics]]}}</ref> the actor's first great success. On the same night, he breaks up permanently with his wife when she criticises his choice of profession.
*December – Publication of [[George Eliot]]'s novel ''[[Middlemarch]]'' in eight parts commences.<ref>{{cite book|author=George Eliot|title=Middlemarch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPLjUhiXAhYC&pg=PR8|year=1994|publisher=Wordsworth Editions|isbn=978-1-85326-237-1|pages=8}}</ref>
*''unknown date'' – [[George Allen and Sons]], publishers, predecessors of [[Allen & Unwin]], is established in London.

==New books==
===Fiction===
*[[Jane Austen]] (died in 1817) – "[[Lady Susan]]" (written in 1794)
*[[William Black (novelist)|William Black]] – ''[[A Daughter of Heth]]''<ref>{{cite book |first=Q. D. |last=Leavis |author-link=Q. D. Leavis |title=Fiction and the Reading Public |edition=2nd |location=London |publisher=Chatto & Windus |year=1965}}</ref>
*[[Mary Elizabeth Braddon]] – ''Fenton's Quest''
*[[George Chesney]] – ''[[The Battle of Dorking]]'' ([[invasion novel]]la and science fiction precursor, originally published anonymously in ''[[Blackwood's Magazine]]'', May)<ref>{{cite journal|first=David|last=Finkelsteain|title=The 6d pamphlet that caused an invasion scare|journal=History Scotland|volume=21|issue=5|year=2021|pages=29–31}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Clarke |first=I. F.|url=http://www.depauw.edu/sfs/backissues/71/clarke71art.htm |title=Before and After The Battle of Dorking |journal=Science Fiction Studies |pages=33–46 |volume=24 |year=1997}}</ref>
*[[Edward Eggleston]] – ''[[The Hoosier Schoolmaster (novel)|The Hoosier Schoolmaster]]''
*[[George Eliot]] – ''[[Middlemarch]]'' (first of eight installments)
*[[Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton|Edward Bulwer-Lytton]] – ''[[The Coming Race]]''
*[[Thomas Hardy]] – ''[[Desperate Remedies]]''
*[[Vanchinbalyn Injinash]] – ''The Blue Chronicle'' (''köke sudur'', Хөх судар; completed in MS)
*[[Henry James]] – ''[[Watch and Ward]]''
*[[George Meredith]] – ''[[The Adventures of Harry Richmond]]''
*[[Charles Reade]] – ''[[A Terrible Temptation]]''
*[[Emily Spender]] – ''Restored'' (feminist novel)
*[[Anthony Trollope]] - 
**''[[Ralph the Heir]]''
**''[[Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite]]''
*[[Mark Twain]]
**''Eye Openers''
**''Screamers''
*[[Giovanni Verga]] – ''{{ill|Storia di una capinera|it}}'' (The Sparrow; book publication)
*[[Jules Verne]] – ''[[A Floating City]]'' ({{Lang|fr|Une ville flottante}})
*[[Émile Zola]] – {{Lang|fr|[[La Fortune des Rougon]]}}

===Children and young people===
*[[Alexander Afanasyev]] (collected) – «Русские детские сказки» (Russian Children's Fairy Tales)
*[[Louisa M. Alcott]] – ''[[Little Men]]''
*[[George MacDonald]] – ''[[At the Back of the North Wind]]''
*[[Samuel Smiles]] – ''A Boy's Voyage Round the World''
*[[Johanna Spyri]] – ''Ein Blatt auf Vrony’s Grab'' (A Note on Vrony's Grave)

===Drama===
*[[François Coppée]]
**''Fais ce que Dois''
**''L'Abandonnée''
*[[W. S. Gilbert]] – ''[[Pygmalion and Galatea (play)|Pygmalion and Galatea]]''
*[[Leopold David Lewis]] – ''[[The Bells (play)|The Bells]]'' (adapted from [[Erckmann-Chatrian]]'s ''Le Juif Polonais'')
*[[Alexander Ostrovsky]] – ''[[The Forest (play)|The Forest]]'' ({{langx|ru|Лес}}, ''Les'')
*[[Dobri Voynikov]] – ''[[The Phoney Civilization]]'' ({{langx|bg|Криворазбраната цивилизация}}, ''Krivorazbranata tsivilizatsiya'')

===Poetry===
*[[Arthur Rimbaud]] - ''[[Le Bateau ivre]]'' ("The Drunken Boat")
*[[Algernon Charles Swinburne]] - ''[[Songs before Sunrise]]''

===Non-fiction===
*[[John Burroughs]] - ''Wake Robin''
*[[Charles Darwin]] – ''[[The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex]]''
*[[William Gifford Palgrave]] – ''Personal Narrative of a Year’s Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia (1862–63)''
*[[Edward Burnett Tylor]] – ''Primitive Culture''
*[[Walt Whitman]] - ''[[Democratic Vistas]]''

==Births==
*[[January 9]] – [[Eugène Marais]], South African lawyer, naturalist, poet and writer (died [[1936 in literature|1936]])<ref>Van Niekerk, H. L. ''Eugène Marais: Nuwe Feite en Nuwe Inligting'' 2010 (''Eugène Marais: New Facts and New Insights''</ref>
*[[February 22]] – [[John Langalibalele Dube]], Zulu writer (died [[1946 in literature|1946]])
*[[February 25]] (February 13 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) – [[Lesya Ukrainka]], Ukrainian poet and writer (died [[1913 in literature|1913]])
*[[February 28]] – [[Manuel Díaz Rodríguez]], Venezuelan writer and politician (died [[1927 in literature|1927]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Solé | first = Carlos A | title = Latin American writers | publisher = Scribner | location = New York | year = 1989 | isbn = 9780684185972 | page=431}}</ref>
*[[March 5]] – [[Rosa Luxemburg]], Polish-born German revolutionary socialist (died [[1919 in literature|1919]])<ref>{{cite news|title=Rosa Luxemburg Murder Case Reopened|last=Wroe|first=David|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/6840393/Rosa-Luxemburg-murder-case-reopened.html|date=18 December 2009|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref>
*[[March 27]] – [[Heinrich Mann]], German narrator, dramatist and essayist (died [[1950 in literature|1950]])
*[[June 17]] – [[James Weldon Johnson]], American writer and activist (died [[1938 in literature|1938]])
*[[May 6]] – [[Christian Morgenstern]], German poet (died [[1914 in literature|1914]])
*[[May 14]] – [[Caton Theodorian]], Romanian dramatist and novelist (died [[1939 in literature|1939]])
*[[June 5]] – [[Nicolae Iorga]], Romanian historian, politician, culture critic, poet and playwright (died [[1940 in literature|1940]])<ref>Victor Iova, "Tabel cronologic", in N. Iorga, ''Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul'', Vol. I, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1979, pp. xxvii.  {{OCLC|6422662}}</ref>
*[[July 3]] – [[W. H. Davies]], Welsh poet (died [[1940 in literature|1940]])
*[[July 10]] – [[Marcel Proust]], French novelist (died [[1922 in literature|1922]])
*[[August 21]] (August 9 [[Old Style and New Style dates|OS]]) – [[Leonid Andreyev]], Russian short story writer and playwright (died [[1919 in literature|1919]])
*[[August 27]] – [[Theodore Dreiser]], American novelist (died [[1945 in literature|1945]])
*[[September 27]] – [[Grazia Deledda]], Italian writer and Nobel Prize winner (died [[1926 in literature|1926]])<ref>Antonio Piromalli, ''Grazia Deledda'', Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1968.</ref>
*[[October 7]] – {{ill|Georg Hermann|de}}, German fiction writer (died [[1943 in literature|1943]])
*[[October 10]] – [[Wickham Steed]], English journalist, editor and historian (died [[1956 in literature|1956]])
*[[October 30]] – [[Paul Valéry]], French poet (died [[1945 in literature|1945]])
*[[November 1]] – [[Stephen Crane]], American novelist (died [[1900 in literature|1900]])
*[[November 10]] – [[Winston Churchill (novelist)|Winston Churchill]], American novelist (died [[1947 in literature|1947]])

==Deaths==
*[[January 12]] – [[Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois]], French dramatist (born [[1806 in literature|1806]])
*[[February 4]] – [[Hermann, Fürst von Pückler-Muskau]], German travel and gardening writer (born [[1785 in literature|1785]])
*[[February 9]] – [[Martha Haines Butt]], American novelist (born [[1833 in literature|1833]])
*[[February 12]] – [[Alice Cary]], American poet (tuberculosis, born [[1820 in literature|1820]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Kane|first=Paul|title=Poetry of the American Renaissance|location=New York|publisher=George Braziller|year=1995|page=[https://archive.org/details/poetryofamerican00paul/page/297 297]|isbn=0807613983|url=https://archive.org/details/poetryofamerican00paul/page/297}}</ref>
*[[March 17]] – [[Robert Chambers (journalist)|Robert Chambers]], Scottish writer and publisher (born [[1802 in literature|1802]])
*[[March 28]] – [[Joseph Isidore Samson]], French playwright and actor (born [[1793 in literature|1793]])
* [[July 6]] – [[Castro Alves]], Brazilian poet and playwright (tuberculosis;born [[1847 in literature|1847]])<ref name="Smith1997">{{cite book|author=Verity Smith|title=Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JcjFBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA185|date=26 March 1997|publisher=Routledge|isbn=1-135-31424-1|pages=185}}</ref>
*[[July 31]] – [[Phoebe Cary]], American poet (born [[1824 in literature|1824]])
*[[July 15]] – [[Ján Chalupka]], Slovak dramatist (born [[1791 in literature|1791]])
*[[September 16]] – [[Jan Erazim Vocel]], Czech poet, archaeologist, historian and cultural revivalist (born [[1803 in literature|1803]])
*[[November 2]] – [[Athalia Schwartz]], Danish writer, journalist and educator (born [[1821 in literature|1821]])<ref name="kvinfo">{{cite web|author=Hilden|first=Adda|title=Athalia Schwartz (1821–1871)|url=http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/1217/|url-status=live|access-date=15 August 2018|website=[[Dansk kvindebiografisk leksikon]]|language=da|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180313093021/http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/1217/  |archive-date = 2018-03-13  }}</ref>
*[[December 8]] – [[Thomas Gaspey]], English novelist and journalist (born [[1788 in literature|1788]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Frederick Burwick|author2=Nancy Moore Goslee|author3=Diane Long Hoeveler|title=The Encyclopedia of Romantic Literature, 3 Volume Set|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CDuCchT6PE0C&pg=PA494|date=30 January 2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4051-8810-4|pages=494}}</ref>
*[[December 21]] – [[Luise Aston]], German author and feminist (born [[1814 in literature|1814]])<ref>{{Nuttall|inline=1|title=Aston, Luise}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Year in literature article categories}}