Editing 1873 in literature

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{{Year nav topic5|1873|literature|poetry}}

[[File:Leo_Tolstoy01.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Illustration of Leo Tolstoy sitting in a chair|In 1873 Leo Tolstoy begins his novel ''Anna Karenina'', which is serialized in ''Russkiy Vestnik'' (Moscow) between 1873 and 1877. This portrait was created in 1873 by Ivan Kramskoi.]]
This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1873'''.

==Events==
*[[January 1]] – In the United States, [[Chicago Public Library]] opens in an old water tank in the aftermath of the [[Great Chicago Fire]] of 1871.<ref>{{cite book| author=Gwladys Spencer|title=The Chicago Public Library: Origins and Backgrounds|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1943|page=351}}</ref>
*[[March 3]]
**The [[United States Congress]] enacts the [[Comstock Law]], making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
**The first performance of [[W. S. Gilbert]] and [[Gilbert Arthur à Beckett]]'s play ''[[The Happy Land]]'' at the [[Royal Court Theatre]], [[London]] (UK) parodies [[William Ewart Gladstone]], [[Robert Lowe, 1st Viscount Sherbrooke|Robert Lowe]], and [[Acton Smee Ayrton]], respectively the [[prime minister]], [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]], and [[First Commissioner of Works]].
*[[March 10]] – The first Azerbaijani play ''The Adventure of a Miser (The Adventures of the Vizier of the Khan of Lenkaran)'' by [[Mirza Fatali Akhundov]] is performed by [[Hasan bey Zardabi]] and dramatist [[Najaf bey Vazirov]].
*[[March 18]] – [[Leo Tolstoy]] begins his novel ''[[Anna Karenina]]'', which is serialized in ''[[The Russian Messenger#The Russian Messenger of Mikhail Katkov|Russkiy Vestnik]]'' ([[Moscow]]) between 1873 and 1877.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.mhra.org.uk/ojs/index.php/MLR/article/viewFile/18/26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003045518/http://www.mhra.org.uk/ojs/index.php/MLR/article/viewFile/18/26 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-10-03 |last=Jones |first=W. Gareth |title=George Eliot's ''Adam Bede'' and Tolstoy's conception of ''Anna Karenina'' |pages=473–481 |accessdate=2013-04-29 }}</ref>
*[[June 16]] – [[Karl Marx]] inscribes a copy of his treatise ''[[Das Kapital]]'' to [[Charles Darwin]] "on the part of his sincere admirer" but Darwin never finishes reading it.<ref>{{cite web|title=‘Amusing insight’ revealed in Marx’s ‘Das Kapital’ gift to Darwin|first=Jack|last=Guy|publisher=CNN|date=2024-02-22|accessdate=2024-07-04|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/22/style/karl-marx-charles-darwin-gift-scli-intl/index.html}}</ref>
*July – [[Thomas Hardy]]'s novel ''[[A Pair of Blue Eyes]]'' completes its serialization in ''Tinsley's Magazine'' (begun September [[1872 in literature|1872]]) and appears in book format in [[London]]. Although this is Hardy's third novel, it is the first to bear his name on publication in the U.S.
*[[July 10]] – [[Paul Verlaine]] shoots and wounds [[Arthur Rimbaud]] in [[Brussels]].<ref>{{Cite book |isbn=978-184831-247-0 |title=Love, Sex, Death & Words: surprising tales from a year in literature |first1=John |last1=Sutherland |authorlink1=John Sutherland (author) |first2=Stephen |last2=Fender |location=London |publisher=Icon |year=2011 |chapter=10 July: Poet shoots poet |pages=257–8}}.</ref>
*November – The children's periodical ''[[St. Nicholas Magazine]]'' begins publication by [[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner and Company]] in [[New York City|New York]] under the editorship of [[Mary Mapes Dodge]].
*[[December 18]] – [[Louisa May Alcott]]'s family satire "[[Transcendental Wild Oats]]" is published in the newspaper ''The Independent''.<ref>''The Independent'', Vol. 25 No. 1307, 18 December 1873, pp. 1569–1571.</ref>
*''unknown dates''
**Serialisation of the novel ''Night and Morning'' (original author not acknowledged, but in fact by [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton]], 1841) as ''Xinxi xiantan'' by "Lishao Jushi" (probably Jiang Qizhang) begins in the [[Shanghai]] monthly ''Yinghuan Suoji'', the first secular fiction translated from English into [[Chinese language|Chinese]].<ref>{{Citation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3CsPWQOkzTwC&q=%22first+novel+in+chinese%22&pg=PT71 |chapter=The First Novel Translated Into Chinese |title=Chinese Fiction of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries: Essays |first=Patrick |last=Hanan |publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-231-50914-5 |accessdate=2013-07-19}}</ref>
**Charles M. Barnes opens his book printing business in [[Wheaton, Illinois]], United States; it is a forerunner of publisher [[Barnes & Noble]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Thomas Derdak|author2=Tina Grant|title=International Directory of Company Histories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KEwkAQAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=978-1-55862-444-3|pages=162-164}}</ref>
**In [[Berlin]], the Romanian poet [[Mihai Eminescu]] is known to be working on the verse fairy tale "Girl in the Garden of Gold" (''Fata-n grădina de aur''). He will revisit the text regularly during the next decade, eventually producing his masterpiece ''[[Luceafărul (poem)|Luceafărul]]'' (published April [[1883 in literature|1883]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perpessicius |authorlink=Perpessicius |title=Studii eminesciene |publisher=Museum of Romanian Literature |location=Bucharest |year=2001 |pages=104, 200, 207–210, 217–219, 232–233, 241–242, 246, 262, 265, 273, 276–278, 297, 353, 382–383, 388 |isbn=973-8031-34-6}}</ref>
**[[Bertha von Suttner|Bertha Kinsky]] becomes governess to the Suttner family.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nobel-winners.com/Peace/suttner_bertha.html |title=Bertha Freifrau (Baroness) von Suttner |work=Timeline of Nobel Prize Winners |accessdate=2013-07-19}}</ref>

==New books==
===Fiction===
*[[Louisa May Alcott]] – ''[[Work: A Story of Experience]]''<ref>{{cite book | last = Harris | first = Susan | title = 19th-century American women's novels : interpretative strategies | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge England New York | year = 1990 | isbn = 9780521382885 | page=174}}</ref>
*[[Hortense Allart]] – ''Les Enchantements de Prudence avec George Sand''
*[[Ambrose Bierce]] – ''The Fiend's Delight''
*[[Mary Elizabeth Braddon]] – ''Publicans and Sinners''
*[[Rhoda Broughton]]
**''Nancy''
**''Tales for Christmas Eve''
*[[Bankim Chatterjee]] – ''The Poison Tree''<ref>{{cite book|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1992|page=78}}</ref>
*[[Wilkie Collins]]
**''Miss or Mrs.?''
**''The New Magdalen''
*[[Sami Frashëri]] – ''Ta'aşşûk-ı Tal'at ve Fitnât'' (The Love Between Talat and Fitnat)
*[[Émile Gaboriau]] – ''La Corde au cou''
*[[Thomas Hardy]] – ''[[A Pair of Blue Eyes]]''
*[[William Dean Howells]] – ''A Chance Acquaintance''
*[[Nikolai Leskov]] – ''[[The Enchanted Wanderer]]'' («Очарованный странник», novella serialized in ''[[Russkiy Mir (St. Petersburg newspaper, 1871–1880)|Russkiy Mir]]'')
*[[George MacDonald]] – ''The History of Gutta-Percha Willie, the Working Genius''
*[[Benito Pérez Galdós]] – ''Trafalgar'' (first of his ''[[Episodios Nacionales]]'')
*[[Anne Isabella Thackeray Ritchie|Anne Thackeray Ritchie]] – ''Old Kensington''
*[[Karolina Světlá]] – ''[[Nemodlenec]]''
*[[Anthony Trollope]] – ''[[Phineas Redux]]'' (serialization)
*[[Mark Twain]] (with [[Charles Dudley Warner|Charles Warner]]) – ''[[The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today]]''
*[[Jules Verne]] – ''[[Around the World in Eighty Days]]'' (''Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours'', book publication and first English translation)
*[[Émile Zola]] – ''[[Le Ventre de Paris]]''

===Children===
*[[Georgina Castle Smith]] (pseudonym Brenda) – ''Nothing to Nobody''
*[[Charlotte Mary Yonge]] – ''Aunt Charlotte's Stories of Bible History''
*[[Helen Zimmern]] – ''Stories in Precious Stones''

===Drama===
*[[W. S. Gilbert]] – ''[[The Realm of Joy]]''<ref>{{cite book|last=Crowther|first=Andrew|year=2000|title=Contradiction Contradicted – The Plays of W. S. Gilbert|publisher=Associated University Presses|isbn=0-8386-3839-2|page=211}}</ref>
*[[Henrik Ibsen]]
**''[[Emperor and Galilean]]'' (first published)
**''[[Love's Comedy]]'' (first performed)
*[[Adolphe L'Arronge]] – ''[[My Leopold (play)|My Leopold]]''
*[[Émile Zola]] – ''[[Thérèse Raquin]]'' (adaptation by author)

===Poetry===
*[[Paul Bourget]] – ''Au bord de la mer''
*[[Robert Browning]] – ''[[Red Cotton Night-Cap Country]]''<ref>{{cite book | last = Kelley | first = Philip | title = The Browning collections : a reconstruction with other memorabilia...| publisher = Armstrong Browning Library of Baylor University | location = Waco, TX | year = 1984 | isbn = 9780911459050 | page=114}}</ref>
*[[Tristan Corbière]] – only published work included in ''Les Amours Jaunes''
*[[Edmund Gosse]] – ''On Viol and Flute''
*[[Arthur Rimbaud]] – ''[[Une Saison en Enfer]]''<ref>{{cite book | last = Hervouet | first = Yves | title = The French face of Joseph Conrad | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge New York | year = 1990 | isbn = 9780521384643 | page=247}}</ref>

===Non-fiction===
*[[Samuel Butler (novelist)|Samuel Butler]] – ''The Fair Haven''
*[[Alexandre Dumas]] (posthumous) – ''Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine''
*[[Émile Littré]] – ''[[Dictionnaire de la langue française]]''
*[[Walter Pater]] – ''Studies in the History of the Renaissance''
*[[Leslie Stephen]] – ''Essays on Free Thinking and Plain Speaking''
*[[Charlotte Mary Yonge]] – ''Life of [[John Coleridge Patteson]]''

==Births==
*[[January 1]] – [[Mariano Azuela]], Mexican writer (died [[1952 in literature|1952]])
*[[January 7]] – [[Charles Péguy]], French poet and essayist (killed in action [[1914 in literature|1914]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Kurian | first = George | title = The encyclopedia of Christian literature | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Lanham, Md | year = 2010 | isbn = 9780810872837 |page=516}}</ref>
*[[January 9]] – [[Hayim Nahman Bialik]], Russian-born Hebrew-language poet (died [[1934 in literature|1934]])
*[[January 20]] – [[Johannes V. Jensen]], Danish writer and Nobel Prize winner (died [[1950 in literature|1950]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Rossel | first = Sven | title = Johannes V. Jensen | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston | year = 1984 | isbn = 9780805765656 | page=1}}</ref>
*[[January 28]] – [[Colette]] (Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette), French novelist (died [[1954 in literature|1954]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Cummins | first = Laurel | title = Colette and the conquest of self | publisher = Summa | location = Birmingham, Ala | year = 2005 | isbn = 9781883479466 
 |page=20}}</ref>
*[[February 22]] – [[Carrie Langston Hughes]], African-American writer and actress (died [[1938 in literature|1938]])
*[[February 23]] ([[Old Style and New Style dates|O. S.]] February 10) – [[Haralamb Lecca]], Romanian dramatist, poet and translator (died [[1920 in literature|1920]])
*[[March 10]] – [[Jakob Wassermann]], German novelist (died [[1934 in literature|1934]])
*[[March 20]] – [[Constantin Banu]], Romanian politician, journalist, cultural promoter and aphorist (died [[1940 in literature|1940]])
*Before [[March 29]] (date of baptism) – [[Peig Sayers]] (Máiréad Sayers), Irish ''[[seanchaí]]'' (traditional storyteller) (died [[1958 in literature|1958]])
*[[April 22]] – [[Ellen Glasgow]], American novelist (died [[1945 in literature|1945]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Parini | first = Jay | title = The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780195156539 |page=118}}</ref>
*[[April 25]] – [[Howard R. Garis]], American children's fiction writer (died [[1962 in literature|1962]])
*[[May 17]] – [[Henri Barbusse]], French novelist (died [[1935 in literature|1935]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Wharton | first = Edith | title = Yrs. ever affly : the correspondence of Edith Wharton and Louis Bromfield | publisher = Michigan State University Press | location = East Lansing | year = 2000 | isbn = 9780870135163 |page=111}}</ref>
*[[June 8]] – [[José Martínez Ruiz]] (Azorín), Spanish novelist (died [[1967 in literature|1967]])
*[[June 16]] – [[Lady Ottoline Morrell]] (Ottoline Cavendish-Bentinck), English patron of the arts (died [[1938 in literature|1938]])
*[[July 22]] – [[James Cousins]], Irish writer (died [[1956 in literature|1956]])
*[[August 13]] – [[Dora Adele Shoemaker]], American poet and playwright (died [[1962 in literature|1962]])<ref>{{cite news |title=Happy Birthday to - - Dora Adele Shoemaker |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/171364951/?terms=National%20School%20of%20Elocution%20and%20Oratory&match=1 |access-date=28 September 2022 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |via=Newspapers.com |date=13 August 1938 |page=8 |language=en}}</ref> 
*[[September 8]] – [[Alfred Jarry]], French dramatist (died [[1907 in literature|1907]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Ben Fisher|title=The Pataphysician's Library: An Exploration of Alfred Jarry's 'Livres Pairs'|publisher=Liverpool University Press|year=2000|ISBN=9781781388013|page=4}}</ref>
*[[October 1]] – [[Ludovic Dauș]], Romanian novelist and dramatist (died [[1954 in literature|1954]])
*[[October 10]] – [[George Cabot Lodge]], American poet (died [[1909 in literature|1909]])
*[[November 13]] – [[Oliver Onions]] (George Oliver), English novelist and [[ghost story]] writer (died [[1961 in literature|1961]])<ref>[[Brian Stableford]], "Onions, (George) Oliver", in [[David Pringle]], ed., ''St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost and Gothic Writers'' (Detroit: St. James Press, 1998) {{ISBN|1558622063}}</ref>
*[[December 3]] – [[Ilie Bărbulescu (linguist)|Ilie Bărbulescu]], Romanian linguist and journalist (died [[1945 in literature|1945]])
*[[December 7]] – [[Willa Cather]], American novelist (died [[1947 in literature|1947]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Parini | first = Jay | title = The Oxford encyclopedia of American literature | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780195156539 | page=240}}</ref>
*[[December 17]] – [[Ford Madox Ford]], English novelist (died [[1939 in literature|1939]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Henderson | first = Lesley | title = Twentieth-Century romance and historical writers | publisher = St. James Press | location = Chicago | year = 1990 | isbn = 9780912289977 | page=243}}</ref>
*[[December 29]] – [[Ovid Densusianu]], Romanian poet, philologist and journalist (died [[1938 in literature|1938]])

==Deaths==
*[[January 9]] – [[Sigurd Abel]], German historian (born [[1837 in literature|1837]])
*[[January 10]] – [[Francesco Dall'Ongaro]], Italian poet and dramatist (born [[1808 in literature|1808]])
*[[January 16]] –  [[Ulrika von Strussenfelt]], Swedish novelist (born [[1801 in literature|1801]])
*[[January 18]] – [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton]], English novelist and playwright (born [[1803 in literature|1803]])
*[[February 1]] – [[Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda]], Cuban-born novelist (born [[1814 in literature|1814]])
*[[February 7]] – [[Sheridan Le Fanu]], Irish writer (born [[1814 in literature|1814]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Melada | first = Ivan | title = Sheridan Le Fanu | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston | year = 1987 | isbn = 9780805769371 | page=12}}</ref>
*[[February 24]] – [[Spiridon Trikoupis]], Greek author and orator (born [[1788 in literature|1788]])
*[[May 8]] – [[John Stuart Mill]], English philosopher (born [[1806 in literature|1806]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Bruce Mazlish|title=James and John Stuart Mill: Father and Son in the Nineteenth Century|publisher=Transaction Books|year=1988|page=111}}</ref>
*[[May 22]] – [[Alessandro Manzoni]], Italian poet and novelist (born [[1785 in literature|1785]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Manzoni | first = Alessandro | title = Alessandro Manzoni's The Count of Carmagnola and Adelchis | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | location = Baltimore | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780801878817 | page=5}}</ref>
*[[May 27]] – [[Pierre-Antoine Lebrun]], French poet (born [[1785 in literature|1785]])
*[[July 13]] – [[Caroline Clive]], English poet and author, dies in fire (born [[1801 in literature|1801]])<ref>P. D. Edwards, "Clive , Caroline (1801–1873)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5693, retrieved 20 Feb 2008]</ref>
*[[August 15]] – [[Edward Meredith Cope]], English classicist (born [[1818 in literature|1818]])
*[[September 25]] – [[Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi]], Italian novelist (born [[1804 in literature|1804]])
*[[September 26]] – [[Julius Roerich Benedix]], German dramatist (born [[1811 in literature|1811]])
*[[September 28]] – [[Émile Gaboriau]], French crime novelist (born [[1832 in literature|1832]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Magill | first = Frank | title = Cyclopedia of world authors | publisher = Salem Press | location = Pasadena, Calif | year = 1997 | isbn = 9780893564360 | page=738}}</ref>
*[[October 4]] – [[Margaret Gatty]], English children's author (born [[1809 in literature|1809]])
*[[November 6]] – [[Manuel Bretón de los Herreros]], Spanish playwright (born [[1796 in literature|1796]])
*''Unknown date'' – [[Harriet Ward]], English non-fiction and fiction writer (born [[1808 in literature|1808]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Jeanette Eve|title=A Literary Guide to the Eastern Cape: Places and the Voices of Writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uwFXGL059QgC&pg=PA290|year=2003|publisher=Juta and Company Ltd|isbn=978-1-919930-15-2|pages=290}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Year in literature article categories}}