Editing 1880

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{Year dab|1880}}
{{Year nav|1880}}
{{C19 year in topic}}
[[File:Royal Horse Artillery and the 66th Foot before the Battle of Maiwand.jpg|thumb|[[July 27]]: [[Battle of Maiwand]]]]
[[File:Battle in Afghanistan.jpg|thumb|[[September 1]]: [[Battle of Kandahar (1880)]]]]
{{Year article header|1880}}
{{TOC limit|2}}

== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January]] – The [[Gokstad ship]] is found in Norway, the first [[Viking ship]] burial to be excavated.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vinner|first=Max|year=2002|title=Boats of the Viking Ship Museum|publisher=Viking Ship Museum|location=Oslo|isbn=978-8785180636}}</ref>
*[[January 27]] – [[Thomas Edison]] is granted a patent for the [[incandescent light bulb]]. Edison filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires."<ref name=Patent898>{{US patent|0223898}} granted 27 January 1880</ref> Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament ,including using "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways,"<ref name="Patent898"/> Edison and his team later discovered that a carbonized [[bamboo]] filament could last more than 1200 hours.<ref>{{cite book |last=Levy |first=Joel |title=Really useful: the origins of everyday things |year=2002 |publisher=Firefly Books |location=New York |isbn=9781552976227 |page=[https://archive.org/details/reallyusefulorig00levy/page/124 124] |url=https://archive.org/details/reallyusefulorig00levy|url-access=registration |quote=bamboo filament edison patent 1200. }}</ref>
* [[January]] – The international [[White slave trade affair]] scandal in Brussels is exposed and attracts international infamy.
* [[February 2]]
** The first electric [[streetlight]] is installed in [[Wabash, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.electricmuseum.com/exhibits/arclamps/brush.shtml |title=Brush Arc Lighting |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724073937/http://www.electricmuseum.com/exhibits/arclamps/brush.shtml |archive-date = 24 July 2008 |url-status = dead}}</ref>
** The first successful shipment of frozen [[mutton]] from Australia arrives in London, aboard the SS ''Strathleven''.
* [[February 4]] – The [[Black Donnellys|Black Donnelly Massacre]] takes the lives of five members of one family in [[Middlesex County, Ontario|Biddulph Township]], [[Middlesex County, Ontario]], Canada.
* [[February 24]] – The [[SS Columbia (1880)|SS ''Columbia'']], which will be the first outside usage of [[Thomas Edison]]'s [[incandescent light bulb]], is launched at the [[Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works]] of [[John Roach & Sons]] in [[Chester, Pennsylvania]].

=== April–June ===
* [[April]] – The government of [[Cape Colony]] sets a deadline for the Basuto people to surrender their weapons; non-compliance leads to the [[Basuto Gun War]].
* [[April 18]] – [[1880 United Kingdom general election]]: [[William Ewart Gladstone]] defeats [[Benjamin Disraeli]], to become [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] for the second time.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ben|last=Johnson|title=Prime Ministers of Britain|url=http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/PrimeMinisters.htm|access-date=2013-08-14}}</ref>
* [[April 19]] – The [[Prime Minister of Sweden]], [[Louis Gerhard De Geer|Louis De Geer]], resigns over the defeat of a defense reform bill in the country's [[Riksdag]]; he is succeeded by Count [[Arvid Posse]] (1880–1883).
* [[April 27]] – The [[Royal University of Ireland]] is founded by charter, allowing the [[Catholic University of Ireland]] to re-form as [[University College Dublin]].
* [[May 2]] – After having her lights installed by Edison's personnel, the [[SS Columbia (1880)|SS ''Columbia'']] is lit up for the first time at the foot of [[Wall Street]], in New York City.
* [[May 13]] – In [[Menlo Park, New Jersey]], [[Thomas Edison]] performs the first test of his [[electric railway]].
* [[June]] – The [[SS Columbia (1880)|SS ''Columbia'']] sets off on her maiden voyage around [[Cape Horn]] to [[Portland, Oregon]], carrying 13 locomotives and 200 railcars.
* [[June 1]]  – [[Tinius Olsen]] is awarded a United States Patent, for the Little Giant Testing Machine.
* [[June 28]] – [[Australia]]n police capture bank robber [[Ned Kelly]], after a gun battle at [[Glenrowan, Victoria]].
* [[June 29]] – France annexes [[Tahiti]].

=== July–September ===
* July – [[John Venn]] popularises [[Venn diagram]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Venn|first=J.|title=I. On the Diagrammatic and Mechanical Representation of Propositions and Reasonings|journal=[[The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science]]|volume=10|issue=59|date=July 1880|series=5|doi=10.1080/14786448008626877|pages=1–18|url=https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bhusnur4/cit592_fall2014/venn%20diagrams.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516204620/https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bhusnur4/cit592_fall2014/venn%20diagrams.pdf|archive-date=2017-05-16}} [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786448008626877] [https://books.google.com/books?id=k68vAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1]</ref>
* [[July 14]] – [[Dorchester Penitentiary]] opens in Canada.
* [[July 22]] – [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] becomes [[Emir of Afghanistan]].
* [[July 27]] – [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] – [[Battle of Maiwand]]: Afghan troops under Ayub Khan defeat British and Indian forces, under [[George Burrows (Indian Army officer)|Brigadier General George Burrows]]. 
* [[August 14]] – [[Cologne Cathedral]] is completed, after construction began in [[1248]], 632 years earlier.
* [[August 24]] – The [[SS Columbia (1880)|SS ''Columbia'']] completes her maiden voyage, arriving without incident in [[Portland, Oregon]], after a stopover in [[San Francisco]].
* [[August 26]] – Competing circus owners [[P. T. Barnum]] and [[James Anthony Bailey|James A. Bailey]] sign a contract in [[Bridgeport, Connecticut]], to create the [[Barnum & Bailey Circus]].  In 1907, the circus will merge forces with another competitor, the [[Ringling Brothers Circus]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Neil|last=Harris|title=Humbug: The Art of P. T. Barnum|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1981|page=250}}</ref> 
* [[September 1]] – [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]] – [[Battle of Kandahar (1880)|Battle of Kandahar]]: [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|General Frederick Roberts]], commanding British forces, defeats the Afghan troops of [[Mohammad Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)|Mohammad Ayub Khan]], bringing an end to the war.<ref>{{cite book|first=Howard|last=Hensman|title=The Afghan War of 1879–80|publisher=Lancer Publishers|year=2008|page=532}}</ref>

=== October–December ===
* [[October 1]]  – [[German Empire|German]] company ''[[Munich Re]]'' is founded in [[Munich]].
* [[October 6]] – The [[University of Southern California]] opens its doors to 53 students and 10 faculty.
* [[October 15]]
** A [[blizzard]] marks the start of the [[Hard Winter of 1880-81|Hard Winter]] in North America.
** Mexican soldiers kill [[Victorio]], one of the greatest [[Apache Tribe|Apache]] military strategists.
* [[October 28]] – The first stone is laid for the [[Clarkson Memorial]] in [[Wisbech]], [[England]].
* [[November 2]] – [[1880 United States presidential election]]: [[James Garfield]] defeats [[Winfield S. Hancock]].
* [[November 4]] – The first [[cash register]] is patented by [[James Ritty|James]] and John Ritty of [[Dayton, Ohio]].
* [[November 9]] – A [[1880 Zagreb earthquake|major earthquake]] strikes [[Zagreb]] and destroys many buildings, including [[Zagreb Cathedral]].
* [[November 11]] – Australian bushranger and bank robber [[Ned Kelly]] is hanged in [[Melbourne]].
* [[November 22]] – [[Vaudeville]] actress [[Lillian Russell]] makes her debut at [[Tony Pastor]]'s Theatre, in New York City.
*[[December 1]] – [[Manuel González Flores]] becomes the 31st [[President of Mexico]].<ref>{{citation|title=El único presidente de México juzgado por corrupción|url=https://www.milenio.com/cultura/el-unico-presidente-de-mexico-juzgado-por-corrupcion|newspaper=Milenio |location=Mexico City|date=March 22, 2018|access-date=June 8, 2019|language=es|trans-title=The only president of Mexico tried for corruption}}</ref>
* [[December 20]] – [[First Boer War]]: The [[Battle of Bronkhorstspruit]] results in a Boer victory over the British.
* [[December 30]] – The [[South African Republic|Transvaal]] becomes a republic, and [[Paul Kruger]] becomes its first president.

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza]] signs a treaty of protection with the chief of the large [[Teke people|Teke]] tribe, and begins to establish a French [[protectorate]] on the north bank of the [[Congo River]].
* [[Piezoelectricity]] is discovered by [[Pierre Curie]] and [[Jacques Curie]].
* The [[Capuchin catacombs of Palermo]] are officially closed (there will be some burials afterwards).
* [[The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction]], of the [[Woman's Christian Temperance Union]], is established in the United States.

== Births ==

=== January&ndash;February ===
[[File:King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) in British General's uniform.jpg|thumb|100px|[[King Vajiravudh]]]]
[[File:MacArthur Manila.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Douglas MacArthur]]]]
[[File:FranzMarccropped.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Franz Marc]]]]
* [[January 1]] – [[Vajiravudh]], Rama VI, King of Siam (d. [[1925]])
* [[January 2]] – [[Louis Charles Breguet]], French aircraft designer, builder and aviation pioneer (d. [[1955]])
* [[January 3]] – [[Francis Browne]], Irish Jesuit priest, famous for his last photos of the {{RMS|Titanic}} (d. [[1960]])
* [[January 6]] – [[Tom Mix]], American Western film actor (d. [[1940]])
* [[January 10]]
** [[Manuel Azaña]], 2nd President of the Spanish Second Republic, 55th Prime Minister of Spain (d. [[1940]])
** [[Grock]] (Charles Adrien Wettach), Swiss-born clown (d. [[1959]])
* [[January 11]] – [[Rudolph Palm]], Curaçao-born composer (d. [[1950]])
* [[January 17]] – [[Mack Sennett]], Canadian-born comedy film director, producer (d. [[1960]])
* [[January 18]] – [[Paul Ehrenfest]], Austrian-Dutch physicist (d. [[1933]])
* [[January 19]] – [[Henryk Minkiewicz]], Polish general and politician (d. [[1940]])
* [[January 26]] – [[Douglas MacArthur]], American general (d. [[1964]])
* [[January 29]] – [[W. C. Fields]], American actor, comedian (d. [[1946]])
* [[February 5]] – [[Gabriel Voisin]], French aviation pioneer (d. [[1973]])
* [[February 8]] – [[Franz Marc]], German artist (d. [[1916]])
* [[February 12]] – [[George Preca]], Maltese saint (d. [[1962]])
* [[February 14]] – [[Frederick J. Horne]], American four-star admiral (d. [[1959]])
* [[February 19]] – [[Álvaro Obregón]], 39th [[President of Mexico]] (d. [[1928]])
* [[February 21]] – [[Waldemar Bonsels]], German writer (d. [[1952]])
* [[February 22]]
** [[Eric Lemming]], Swedish athlete (d. 1930)
** [[Frigyes Riesz]], Hungarian mathematician (d. [[1956]])
* [[February 26]] – [[Lionel Logue]], Australian speech and language therapist (d. [[1953]])

=== March&ndash;April ===
[[File:Kuniaki Koiso 2.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Kuniaki Koiso]]]]
* [[March 1]] – [[Lytton Strachey]], English critic and biographer (d. [[1932]])<ref>S. P. Rosenbaum, 'Strachey, (Giles) Lytton (1880–1932)', [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/36338 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography], Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2006</ref>
* [[March 2]]{{sndash}} [[René Vallon]], French aviator (d. [[1911]])<ref>{{cite book
 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9808029q/f218.item.texteImage
 |last=Dépagniat 
 |first=Roger 
 |language=French
 |title=Les Martyrs de l'Aviation
 |trans-title=The Martyrs of Aviation
 |publisher=E. Basset and Co.
 |location=Paris
 |date=1912
}}</ref>
* [[March 15]] – [[Montagu Love]], English actor (d. [[1943]])
* [[March 17]] – [[Lawrence Oates]], British army officer and Antarctic explorer (d. [[1912]])
* [[March 18]] – [[Kalle Hakala]], Finnish politician (d. [[1947]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Kansanedustajat: Kalle Hakala |url=http://www.eduskunta.fi/triphome/bin/hx5000.sh?{hnro}=910400&{kieli}=su&{haku}=kaikki |publisher=[[Parliament of Finland]] |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611192919/http://www.eduskunta.fi/triphome/bin/hx5000.sh?{hnro}=910400&{kieli}=su&{haku}=kaikki |archive-date=11 June 2011 |location=Helsinki, Finland |language=fi}}</ref>
* [[March 21]] – [[Broncho Billy Anderson]], American actor (d. [[1971]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Kuniaki Koiso]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1950]])
* [[March 23]] – [[Heikki Ritavuori]], Finnish Minister of the Interior (d. [[1922]])
* [[March 27]] – [[Ruth Hanna McCormick]], American politician, activist and publisher (d. [[1944]])
* [[March 28]] – [[Louis Wolheim]], American character actor (d. [[1931]])
* [[March 30]] – [[Seán O'Casey]], Irish writer (d. [[1964]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=O'Casey, Sean |author2=Krause, David |author3=Lowery, Robert G. |year=1980|pages=1–2|title=Sean O'Casey, Centenary Essays|publisher=C. Smythe|isbn=978-0-86140-008-9}}</ref>
* [[April 15]] – [[Max Wertheimer]], Austrian-born psychologist, father of Gestalt Theory (d. [[1943]])
* [[April 18]] – [[Sam Crawford]], American [[National Baseball Hall of Fame|Baseball Hall of Famer]] (d. [[1968]])

=== May&ndash;June ===
[[File:Kirchner 1919 portrait.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]]]]
<!--[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S36487, Wilhelm List.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Wilhelm List]]]]-->
[[File:Helen Keller circa 1920 - restored.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Helen Keller]]]]
<!--[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1980-033-04, Ludwig Beck.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ludwig Beck]]]]-->
* [[May 5]] – [[Adrian Carton de Wiart]], Belgian-born British general (d. [[1963]])
* [[May 6]]
** [[Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside]], British field marshal (d. [[1959]])
** [[Ernst Ludwig Kirchner]], German painter (d. [[1938]])
** [[William Joseph Simmons]], American founder of the second [[Ku Klux Klan]] (d. [[1945]])
* [[May 14]]
** [[B. C. Forbes]], Scottish-born financial publisher (d. [[1954]])
** [[Wilhelm List]], German field marshal (d. [[1971]])
* [[May 21]] – [[Tudor Arghezi]], Romanian writer (d. [[1967]])
* [[May 25]] – [[Alf Common]], English footballer (d. [[1946]])
* [[May 29]] – [[Oswald Spengler]], German philosopher (d. [[1936]])
* [[June 6]] – [[W. T. Cosgrave]], Irish politician (d. [[1965]])
* [[June 15]] – [[Osami Nagano]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1947]])
* [[June 17]] – [[Carl Van Vechten]], American writer and photographer (d. [[1964]])<ref>{{Citation |last = White |first = Edward |title = The Tastemaker: Carl Van Vechten and the Birth of Modern America |place = New York |publisher = Farrar, Straus and Giroux |year = 2014 |isbn = 978-0-374-20157-9 }}</ref>
* [[June 24]] – [[João Cândido Felisberto]], Brazilian sailor (d. [[1969]])
* [[June 27]] – [[Helen Keller]], American spokeswoman for the deaf and blind, writer and lecturer (d. [[1968]])<ref>{{cite journal| title=The Southern Ties of Helen Keller| year=2007| last=Nielsen| first=Kim E.| journal=Journal of Southern History| volume=73| issue=4| pages=783–806| url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242408791| url-access=registration| doi=10.2307/27649568| jstor=27649568| access-date=March 15, 2016| archive-date=January 9, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109211522/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242408791_The_Southern_Ties_of_Helen_Keller| url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[June 29]] – [[Ludwig Beck]], German general, Chief of the General Staff (d. [[1944]])

=== July&ndash;August ===
[[File:Milan Rastislav Štefánik.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Milan Rastislav Štefánik]]]]
<!--[[File:Vynnychenko.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Volodymyr Vynnychenko]]]]-->
[[File:Earle Page - Falk Studios (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Earle Page|Sir Earle Page]]]]
[[File:Jacob Merkelbach, Afb 010164033306.jpg|thumb|100px|Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]]]]
* [[July 5]] – [[Jan Kubelík]], Czech violinist (d. [[1940]])
* [[July 12]] – [[Tod Browning]], American motion picture director, horror film pioneer (d. [[1962]])
* [[July 15]] – [[Alessandro Guidoni]], Italian air force general (d. [[1928]])
* [[July 21]] – [[Milan Rastislav Štefánik]], Slovak General, politician and astronomer (d. [[1919]])
* [[July 24]] – [[Ernest Bloch]], Swiss-born American composer (d. [[1959]])
* [[July 28]] – [[Volodymyr Vynnychenko]], 1st Prime Minister of Ukraine (d. [[1951]])
* [[August 4]] – [[Werner von Fritsch]], German general (d. [[1939]])
* [[August 8]] – [[Earle Page|Sir Earle Page]], 11th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1961]])
* [[August 12]] – [[Christy Mathewson]], American baseball player (d.[[1925]])
* [[August 19]] – [[Jean Patou]], French fashion designer (d. [[1936]])
* [[August 22]] – [[George Herriman]], American cartoonist (d. [[1944]])
* [[August 26]] – [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], French poet and dramatist (d. [[1918]])<ref>{{cite web|author=Annette Becker|url=https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/apollinaire_guillaume/|title=Apollinaire, Guillaume|website=International Encyclopedia of the First World War}}</ref>
* [[August 29]] – [[Marie-Louise Meilleur]], Canadian supercentenarian, oldest Canadian ever (d. [[1998]])
* [[August 30]] – [[Nikolai Astrup]], Norwegian painter (d. [[1928]])
* [[August 31]] – Queen [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] (d. [[1962]])

=== September&ndash;October ===
<!--[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1973-122-16, Paul Hausser.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Paul Hausser]]]]-->
[[File:Kullervo Manner.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Kullervo Manner]]]]
* [[September 12]] – [[H. L. Mencken]], American journalist (d. [[1956]])<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Evans |first=Rod L. |author-link=Rod L. Evans |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link= Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |chapter=Mencken, H. L. (1880–1956)|chapter-url=https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/libertarianism/n196.xml|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |year=2008 |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|Sage]]; [[Cato Institute]] |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4 |oclc=750831024 |lccn=2008009151 |pages=324–325 |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n196|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[September 14]] – [[Archie Hahn (athlete)|Archie Hahn]], American athlete (d. [[1955]])
* [[September 15]] – [[Chujiro Hayashi]], Japanese Reiki master (d. [[1940]])
* [[September 16]]
** [[Alfred Noyes]], English poet (d. [[1958]])
** [[Clara Ayres]], American nurse (d. [[1917]])
* [[September 20]] – [[Ugo Cavallero]], Italian field marshal (d. [[1943]])
* [[September 22]] – [[Christabel Pankhurst]], English suffragette (d. [[1958]])
* [[September 23]] – [[John Boyd Orr]], Scottish physician and biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1971]])
* [[September 24]] – [[Sarah Knauss]], American supercentenarian, oldest American ever, last surviving person born in 1880 (d. [[1999]])
* [[September 27]] – [[Pier Ruggero Piccio]], Italian World War I fighter ace, air force general (d. [[1965]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Liberato Pinto]], 78th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. [[1949]])
* [[October 2]] – [[Nicolae M. Condiescu]], Romanian novelist and general (d. [[1939]])
* [[October 3]] – [[Ganga Singh]], Maharaja of Bikaner (d. [[1943]])
* [[October 4]] – [[Damon Runyon]], American writer (d. [[1946]])<ref>{{cite news | title = Birth Announcement | publisher = The (Manhattan, Kansas) Nationalist | date = October 7, 1880}}</ref>
* [[October 7]] – [[Paul Hausser]], German general (d. [[1972]])
* [[October 12]]
**[[Marcel-Bruno Gensoul]], French admiral (d. [[1973]])
**[[Kullervo Manner]], Finnish [[Speaker of the Parliament of Finland|Speaker of the Parliament]], the [[Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic|Prime Minister of the FSWR]] and the Supreme Commander of the [[Red Guard (Finland)|Red Guards]] (d. [[1939]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://finland100.fi/persons/manner-kullervo/|title=Manner, Kullervo – Svinhufvud|website=Finland100.fi|access-date=October 26, 2020|language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 17]] – [[Ze'ev Jabotinsky]], Russian Zionist philosopher, intellectual (d. [[1940]])
* [[October 23]]
** [[Hong Yi]], born Li Shutong, Chinese Buddhist artist, art teacher (d. [[1942]])
** [[Una O'Connor (actress)|Una O'Connor]], Irish actress (d. [[1959]])
* [[October 24]] – [[Antonina De Angelis]], Italian [[Roman Catholic]] religious professed and blessed (d. [[1962]])

=== November&ndash;December ===
[[File:Alfred_Wegener_ca.1924-30.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Alfred Wegener]]]]
<!--[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1977-120-11, Fedor von Bock.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Fedor von Bock]]]]-->
[[File:General George C. Marshall, official military photo, 1946.JPEG|thumb|100px|right|[[George Marshall]]]]
* [[November 1]] – [[Alfred Wegener]], German scientist, meteorologist (d. [[1930]])
* [[November 2]] – [[John Foulds]], English classical music composer (d. [[1939]])
* [[November 3]] – [[Avra Theodoropoulou]], Greek suffragist (d. [[1963]])
* [[November 5]] – [[Richard Oswald]], Austrian film director (d. [[1963]])
* [[November 6]] – [[Robert Musil]], Austrian novelist (d. [[1942]])
* [[November 9]] – [[Giles Gilbert Scott]], British architect (d. [[1960]])
* [[November 10]] – [[Jacob Epstein]], American-born sculptor (d. [[1959]])
* [[November 12]] – [[Harold Rainsford Stark]], American admiral (d. [[1972]])
* [[November 22]] – [[Charles Forbes (Royal Navy officer)|Charles Forbes]], British admiral (d. [[1960]])
* [[November 25]] 
** [[John Flynn (minister)|John Flynn]], Australian medical services pioneer (d. [[1951]])
** [[Elsie J. Oxenham]], English children's novelist (d. [[1960]])
* [[November 29]] – [[Sara Allgood]], Irish-American actress (d. [[1950]])
* [[December 1]] – [[Joseph Trumpeldor]], Russian Zionist (d. [[1920]])
* [[December 3]] – [[Fedor von Bock]], German field marshal (d. [[1945]])
* [[December 11]] – [[Frank Tarrant]], Australian cricketer (d. [[1951]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Austin Hobart Clark]], American zoologist (d. [[1954]])
* [[December 31]] – [[George C. Marshall]], [[United States Secretary of State]], recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1959]])

== Deaths ==

=== January–June ===
[[File:Ana Neri1.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Ana Neri]]]]
[[File:Eberhard Anheuser.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Eberhard Anheuser]]]]
* [[January 4]] 
** [[Anselm Feuerbach]], German painter (b. [[1829]])
** [[Marthe Camille Bachasson, Count of Montalivet]], French statesman (b. [[1801]])
* [[January 8]] – [[Joshua A. Norton]], self-anointed Emperor Norton I of the United States of America (b. [[1811]])
* [[January 12]] – [[Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur]], wife of [[Chester A. Arthur]] (b. [[1837]])
* [[January 14]] – [[Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein]] (b. [[1829]])
* [[January 20]] – [[Captain Moonlite]], Australian bushranger (hanged) (b. [[1842]]) 
* [[January 31]] – [[Adolphe Granier de Cassagnac]], French politician (b. [[1806]])
* [[February 18]] – [[Nikolay Zinin]], Russian organic chemist (b. [[1812]])
* [[February 29]] – Sir [[James Milne Wilson]], Premier of Tasmania (b. [[1812]])
* [[March 14]] – [[Pagan Min]], King of Ava (b. [[1811]])
* [[March 31]] – [[Henryk Wieniawski]], Polish composer (b. [[1835]])
* [[April 23]] – [[Raden Saleh]], Indonesian painter (b. [[1807]])
* [[April 27]] – [[Joseph Vinoy]], French general (b. [[1803]])
* [[May 2]]
*[[Eberhard Anheuser]], German-American brewer, co-founder of [[Anheuser-Busch]] (b. [[1806]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entries/eberhard-anheuser/|title=Eberhard Anheuser|website=immigrantentrepreneurship.org}}</ref>
** [[Eunice Hale Waite Cobb]], American public speaker (b. [[1803]])
** [[Tom Wills]], Australian cricketer, pioneer of Australian rules football (b. [[1835]])
* [[May 4]] – [[Edward Clark (governor)|Edward Clark]], Confederate Governor of Texas (b. [[1815]])
* [[May 8]] – [[Gustave Flaubert]], French novelist (b. [[1821]])<ref>[[Edmund Gosse]] (1911) [http://www.theodora.com/encyclopedia/f/gustave_flaubert.html ''Flaubert, Gustave''] entry in [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]], Volume 10, Slice 4</ref>
* [[May 20]] – [[Ana Néri]], Brazilian nurse (b. [[1814]])
* [[June 8]] – [[Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse)]], Empress Consort of [[Czar]] [[Alexander II of Russia]] (b. [[1824]])
* [[June 28]] – [[Texas Jack Omohundro]], American frontier scout, actor, and cowboy (b. [[1846]])

=== July–December ===
[[File:Jacques Offenbach by Nadar.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Jacques Offenbach]]]]
* [[July 9]] – [[Paul Broca]], French physician and anthropologist (b. [[1824]])
* [[July 17]] – [[Tomasz Chołodecki]], Polish political activist (b. [[1813]])
* [[July 21]] – [[Hiram Walden]], American politician (b. [[1800]])
* [[August 9]] – [[William Bigler]], American politician (b. [[1814]])
* [[August 15]] – [[Adelaide Neilson]], English actress (b. [[1848]])
* [[August 16]] – [[Herschel Vespasian Johnson]], American politician (b. [[1812]])
* [[August 17]] – [[Ole Bull]], Norwegian violinist (b. [[1810]])
* [[August 24]] – [[Chief Ouray]], Native American leader (b. c. [[1833]])
* [[September 21]] – [[Manuel Montt]], 5th President of Chile (b. [[1809]])
* [[September 25]] – [[John Tarleton (Royal Navy officer)|John Tarleton]], British admiral (b. [[1811]])
* [[October 5]] – [[Jacques Offenbach]], German-born French composer (b. [[1819]]) 
* [[October 14]] – [[Victorio]], Chiricahua Apache chief (b. c. [[1825]])
* [[October 22]] – [[Alphonse Pénaud]], French aviation pioneer (b. [[1850]])
* [[October 23]] – [[Bettino Ricasoli]], Italian statesman (b. [[1809]])
* [[November 11]] 
** [[Ned Kelly]], Australian bush ranger (hanged) (b. c. [[1855]])
** [[Lucretia Mott]], American social activist (b. [[1793]])
* [[November 13]] – [[August Karl von Goeben]], Prussian general (b. [[1816]])
* [[November 23]] – [[Redmond Barry|Sir Redmond Barry]], Australian judge, sentenced Ned Kelly to death (b. [[1813]])
* [[November 28]] – [[Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos]], ([[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]) [[Archbishop]] of [[Goa]] (b. [[1837]])
* [[November 30]] – [[Jeanette Threlfall]], English hymnwriter (b. [[1821]])
* [[December 7]] – [[Maria Giuseppa Rossello]], Italian [[Roman Catholic]] religious sister and blessed (b. [[1811]])
* [[December 20]] – [[Gaspar Tochman]], Polish-American soldier (b. [[1797]])
* [[December 22]] – [[George Eliot]], English writer (b. [[1819]])<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/eliot_george.shtml| title = George Eliot
| date = 15 October 2009| access-date =30 December 2009| publisher=BBC History}}</ref>

===Date unknown===
* [[Manolache Costache Epureanu]], 2-time prime minister of Romania (b. [[1823]])
* [[Ng Akew]], Chinese businesswoman

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://archive.org/details/appletonsannual10unkngoog  ''1880 Annual Cyclopedia'' (1881)] highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1880; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 756 pp

{{DEFAULTSORT:1880}}
[[Category:1880| ]]
[[Category:Leap years in the Gregorian calendar]]