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1882 in science
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> {{Year nav topic5|1882|science}} {{Science year nav|1882}} The year '''1882 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below. ==Astronomy== * September – [[Great Comet of 1882]] sighted.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Plummer|first=William Edward|title=The great comet of September 1882|journal=[[The Observatory (journal)|The Observatory]] |volume=12|pages=140–142|bibcode=1889Obs....12..140P |date=March 1889}}</ref> * December 6 – [[Transit of Venus, 1882]]. [[File:Great Comet of 1882.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Great Comet of 1882|Great Comet]] as seen from [[Cape Town]] by David Gill]] ==Biology== * March 24 – [[Robert Koch]] announces his discovery of the [[bacterium]] responsible for [[tuberculosis]], ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''.<ref>Koch, Robert (1882-03-24). "Die Ätiologie der Tuberkulose". Presented to Physiologische Gesellschaft zu Berlin.</ref> * [[Élie Metchnikoff]] discovers [[phagocytosis]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Alexander|last=Petrunkevitch|title=Russia's Contribution to Science|journal=Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences|volume=23|year=1920|page=239}}</ref> ==Chemistry== * [[Italian people|Italian]] [[physicist]] [[Luigi Palmieri]] detects [[helium]] on [[Earth]] for the first time through its D<sub>3</sub> spectral line when he analyzes the [[lava]] of [[Mount Vesuvius]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Recent Advances in Physical and Inorganic Chemistry|last=Stewart|first=Alfred Walter|page=201|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pIqhPFfDMXwC&pg=PA201|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|year=2008|isbn=978-0-554-80513-9}}</ref> ==Earth sciences== * [[Clarence Dutton]]'s ''Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District'' is published by the [[United States Geological Survey]]. ==Mathematics== * June – [[Germans|German]] mathematician [[Ferdinand von Lindemann]] publishes proof that {{math|[[Pi|π]]}} is a [[transcendental number]] and that [[squaring the circle]] is consequently impossible.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lindemann|first=F.|title=Über die Zahl π|journal=[[Mathematische Annalen]]|volume=20|year=1882|pages=213–225|doi=10.1007/BF01446522|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1428234}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|pages=21, 81}}</ref> * December – [[Swedes|Swedish]] mathematician [[Gösta Mittag-Leffler]] establishes the journal ''[[Acta Mathematica]]''. * [[Felix Klein]] first describes the [[Klein bottle]]. ==Medicine== * March 28 – [[Paul Beiersdorf]] [[patent]]s an [[adhesive bandage]] in [[Germany]], the foundation of the [[Beiersdorf]] company. * [[Vladimir Bekhterev]] publishes ''Provodiashchie puti mozga'' ("The Conduction Paths in the Brain and Spinal Cord"), beginning to note the role of the [[hippocampus]] in [[memory]]. ==Technology== * January 12 – [[Holborn Viaduct power station]] in the City of London, the world's first coal-fired public electricity generating station, begins operation.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfVKt7UzjnEC&pg=PA89|journal=[[New Scientist]]|location=London|title=The electricity of Holborn|first=Jack|last=Harris|date=1982-01-14}}</ref> * By March – [[Étienne-Jules Marey]] invents a [[chronophotographic gun]] capable of photographing 12 consecutive frames per second on the same plate. * April 29 – [[Werner von Siemens]] demonstrates his ''[[Electromote]]'', the first form of [[trolleybus]], in [[Berlin]]. * June 6 – [[Henry W. Seeley]] patents the electric [[clothes iron]] in the [[United States]].<ref>Patent no. 259,054. {{cite web|title=Household Amenities and Appliances: Timeline of Their Arrival|url=http://www.partselect.ca/resources/Appliances-Timeline-Of-Their-Arrival.aspx|publisher=PartSelect|accessdate=2012-01-25}}</ref> * September 4 – [[Thomas Edison]] starts the United States' first commercial electrical power plant, lighting one square mile of [[lower Manhattan]]. * English mechanical engineer [[James Atkinson (inventor)|James Atkinson]] invents his "[[Atkinson cycle#Atkinson "Differential Engine"|Differential Engine]]". * American electrical engineer [[Schuyler Wheeler]] produces an electric fan. * [[Alfred P. Southwick]] publishes his proposals for use of the [[electric chair]] as an execution method in the United States. * [[Nikola Tesla]] claims this is when he conceives the [[rotating magnetic field]] principle, which he later uses to invent his [[induction motor]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Networks of Power: Electrification in Western Society, 1880–1930|publisher=JHU Press|location=Baltimore, MD|page=117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g07Q9M4agp4C&pg=PA117|isbn=978-0-8018-4614-4|year=1993|access-date=2015-12-13|archive-date=2024-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323123125/https://books.google.com/books?id=g07Q9M4agp4C&pg=PA117#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live|first=Thomas Parke|last=Hughes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AsFdUxOwu8C&pg=PA204|editor-first=Robert|editor-last=Bud|title=Instruments of Science: An Historical Encyclopedia|page=204|access-date=2013-03-18|isbn=978-0-8153-1561-2|year=1998|publisher=Taylor & Francis|archive-date=2024-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323123051/https://books.google.com/books?id=1AsFdUxOwu8C&pg=PA204#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Events== * First [[International Polar Year]], an international scientific program, begins. * The [[Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys|Chartered Institute of Patent Agents]], the modern-day Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys, is founded in the [[United Kingdom]]. ==Awards== * [[Copley Medal]]: [[Arthur Cayley]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=23 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Wollaston Medal]] for Geology: [[Franz Ritter von Hauer]] ==Births== * March 14 – [[Wacław Sierpiński]] (died [[1969 in science|1969]]), [[Poland|Polish]] [[mathematician]]. * March 23 – [[Emmy Noether]] (died [[1935 in science|1935]]), [[Germany|German]] mathematician. * March 30 – [[Melanie Klein]] (died [[1960 in science|1960]]), Viennese-born [[Psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]]. * April 27 – [[Harry Allan]] (died [[1957 in science|1957]]), New Zealand botanist. * June 17 – [[Harold Gillies]] (died 1960), [[New Zealand]]-born [[plastic surgeon]]. * July 12 – [[Traian Lalescu]] (died [[1929 in science|1929]]), [[Romanians|Romanian]] mathematician. * July 21 – [[Herbert E. Ives]] (died [[1953 in science|1953]]), [[Americans|American]] [[optical engineer]]. * September 30 – [[Hans Geiger]] (died [[1945 in science|1945]]), German [[inventor]] of the [[Geiger counter]]. * October 5 – [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard]] (died 1945), American [[rocket]] [[scientist]]. * October 26 – [[Marietta Pallis]] (died [[1963 in science|1963]]), [[India]]n-born Graeco-British [[ecologist]]. * November 18 – [[Frances Gertrude McGill]] (died [[1959 in science|1959]]), pioneering [[Canadians|Canadian]] [[forensic pathologist]]. * December 11 – [[Max Born]] (died [[1970 in science|1970]]), German physicist and recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1954. * December 28 – [[Arthur Eddington]] (died [[1944 in science|1944]]), [[English people|English]] [[astrophysicist]]. * [[Israel Aharoni]] (died [[1946 in science|1946]]), Belarusian-born Jewish [[zoologist]]. ==Deaths== * January 11 – [[Theodor Schwann]] (born [[1810 in science|1810]]), German [[physiologist]]. * April 19 – [[Charles Darwin]] (born [[1809 in science|1809]]), English [[Natural history|naturalist]] and [[geologist]]. * August 24 – [[John Dillwyn Llewelyn]] (born 1810), Welsh botanist and photographer. * September 23 – [[Friedrich Wöhler]] (born [[1800 in science|1800]]), German [[chemist]]. * October 27 – [[Christian Heinrich von Nagel]] (born [[1803 in science|1803]]), German geometer. * November 20 – [[Henry Draper]] (born [[1837 in science|1837]]), [[Physician|doctor]], American [[astronomer]]. * December 24 ** [[Johann Benedict Listing]] (born [[1808 in science|1808]]), German mathematician. ** [[Charles Vincent Walker]] (born [[1812 in science|1812]]), English [[telegraph]] engineer. ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:1882 in science| ]] [[Category:19th century in science]] [[Category:1880s in science]]
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