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{{for|the TV show|1883 (TV series)}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}} {{Year dab|1883}} {{Year nav|1883}} {{C19 year in topic}} [[File:Krakatoa eruption lithograph.jpg|thumb|right|A [[lithograph]] of the [[1883 eruption of Krakatoa]], during its earlier phase in May.]] {{Year article header|1883}} {{TOC limit|2}} == Events == [[File:Ladies home journal 1906 12 a0.jpg|thumb|140px|right| [[February 16]]: ''[[Ladies Home Journal]]'' begins (photo 1906).]] === January–March === * [[January 4]] – ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * [[January 10]] – A [[Newhall House Hotel Fire|fire at the Newhall Hotel]] in [[Milwaukee]], Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * [[January 16]] – The [[Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act]], establishing the [[United States civil service]], is passed. * [[January 19]] – The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires begins service in [[Roselle, New Jersey]], United States, installed by [[Thomas Edison]]. * [[February]] – ''[[The Adventures of Pinocchio]]'' by [[Carlo Collodi]] is first published complete in book form, in Italy. * [[February 15]] – Tokyo Electrical Lightning Grid, predecessor of Tokyo Electrical Power ([[TEPCO]]), one of the largest [[electrical grid]]s in [[Asia]] and the world, is founded in Japan.<ref>[[:ja:東京配電#沿革]] '''(Japanese language edition)''' Retrieved on July 12, 2020.</ref> * [[February 16]] – The ''[[Ladies' Home Journal]]'' is published for the first time, in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 100 U.S. Magazines by Circulation|url=http://www.psaresearch.com/images/TOPMAGAZINES.pdf|work=PSA Research Center|access-date=February 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115225953/http://www.psaresearch.com/images/TOPMAGAZINES.pdf|archive-date=November 15, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[February 23]] – [[Alabama]] becomes the first U.S. state to enact an [[Competition law|antitrust law]]. * [[February 28]] – The first [[vaudeville]] theater is opened, in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. * [[March 2]] – The [[Hong Kong Observatory]] is established.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/abouthko/history_e.htm|title=History of the Hong Kong Observatory|date=20 May 2011|publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|access-date=7 August 2011|archive-date=January 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111223013/http://www.hko.gov.hk/abouthko/history_e.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[March 20]] – The [[Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property]] is held.<ref>{{cite book|author=World Intellectual Property Organization|title=The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property from 1883 to 1983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x8GjDwAAQBAJ|year=1983|publisher=WIPO|isbn=978-92-805-0099-8}}</ref> * [[March 28]] – [[Battle of Gia Cuc]]: A French force defeats the Vietnamese in northern [[Vietnam]] in the run-up to the [[Sino-French War]]. === April–June === [[File:Brooklyn Bridge Postdlf.jpg|thumb|165px|right| [[May 24]]: [[Brooklyn Bridge]] is opened.]] * [[April 5]] – [[Liquid oxygen|Oxygen]] is liquefied for the first time. * [[April 28]] – The first [[rugby sevens]] tournament is played at [[Melrose RFC]] in Scotland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.melrose7s.com/index.php?page=history|title=History of melrose sevens|access-date=2014-03-02|archive-date=February 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218054032/http://www.melrose7s.com/index.php?page=history|url-status=usurped}}</ref> * [[May 20]] – [[1883 eruption of Krakatoa]], [[Indonesia]] * [[May 23]] – [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]'s children's pirate adventure novel ''[[Treasure Island]]'' is first published in book format, in London. * [[May 24]] – [[Brooklyn Bridge]] is opened to traffic in New York City, after 13 years of construction. * [[May 30]] – A rumor that the [[Brooklyn Bridge]] is going to collapse causes a stampede, which crushes 12 people. * [[June 13]] – Count [[Arvid Posse]] leaves office as [[Prime Minister of Sweden]]. He is succeeded by [[Carl Johan Thyselius]], the first non-aristocrat (Swedish; "''ofrälse''") to serve as Swedish head of government, and Prime Minister. * [[June 15]] – [[Otto von Bismarck]] pushes the first social security law through the [[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]]. It establishes a system of [[Publicly funded health care]], one of the first worldwide. * [[June 16]] – [[Victoria Hall disaster]]: A rush for treats results in 183 children being [[asphyxiated]] in a concert hall in [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]], England. * [[June 28]] – In [[Milan]], Italy, the first central European electricity [[power station]] is inaugurated. * [[June 30]] – [[Robert Louis Stevenson]]'s novel ''[[The Black Arrow]]'' first appears as a serial in the British magazine ''[[Young Folks (magazine)|Young Folks; A Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature]]'' as by 'Captain George North'. Stevenson completes writing it at the end of the [[summer]] in France. === July–September === * [[July 3]] – The [[SS Daphne (1883)|SS ''Daphne'']] sinks on launch in [[Glasgow]], Scotland, leaving 124 dead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=3340|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707071835/http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=3340|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-07-07|title=SS Daphne|work=Clydebuilt Database|access-date=2014-06-23}}</ref> * [[July 4]] – The world's first [[rodeo]] is held in [[Pecos, Texas]]. * [[July 22]] – [[Zulu people|Zulu]] King [[Cetshwayo]] barely escapes a rebel attack with his life. * [[August]] – [[King William's College]] is opened on the [[Isle of Man]]. * [[August 12]] – The last [[quagga]] dies at the [[Artis Magistra zoo]] in [[Amsterdam]]. * [[August 21]] – [[1883 Rochester tornado]]: An F5 tornado strikes [[Rochester, Minnesota]], leading to the creation of the [[Mayo Clinic]]. * [[August 26]]–[[August 27|27]] – [[1883 eruption of Krakatoa]]: The [[Volcano|volcanic]] [[island]] of [[Krakatoa]] erupts at 10:02 am (local time); 163 villages are destroyed, 36,417 killed by tsunami. * [[August 29]] – [[Dunfermline Carnegie Library]], the first [[Carnegie library]], is opened in [[Andrew Carnegie]]'s hometown, [[Dunfermline]], Scotland. * [[September 1]] – [[Pope Leo XIII]] publishes the encyclical ''[[Supremi apostolatus officio]]'' ("On Devotion of the Rosary"). * [[September 11]] – Major [[Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer|Evelyn Baring]] becomes [[List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to Egypt|Consul-General]] of [[History of Egypt under the British|Egypt under British rule]]. * [[September 15]] ** The [[Bombay Natural History Society]] is founded in India. ** The [[University of Texas at Austin]] opens to students. * [[September 29]] – A consortium of flour mill operators in [[Minneapolis]] forms the [[Minneapolis, Sault Ste. Marie and Atlantic Railway]], as a means to get their product to the [[Great Lakes]] ports, avoiding the high tariffs of Chicago. === October–December === * [[October 1]] ** [[Sydney Boys High School]] is founded in Sydney, Australia, the country's first state high school. ** In [[Amsterdam]], the first [[International Colonial and Export Exhibition]] closes, having had over 1 million visitors. * [[October 4]] ** The [[Boys' Brigade]] (the first uniformed youth organization in existence) is founded in [[Glasgow]], Scotland. ** The [[Orient Express]] train begins to run through from [[Gare de Paris-Est|Paris Gare de l'Est]] to [[Giurgiu]] in Romania, with onward ferry and train connections to [[Istanbul]] (the train has been running since [[June 5]] as far as Vienna). * [[October 15]] – In five [[Civil Rights Cases]] the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] declares part of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1875]] to be unconstitutional, allowing individuals and corporations to discriminate based on [[Race (classification of human beings)|race]]. * [[October 20]] – [[Peru]] and [[Chile]] sign the [[Treaty of Ancón]], by which the [[Tarapacá Region|Tarapacá]] province is ceded to Chile, ending Peru's involvement in the [[War of the Pacific]]. * [[October 22]] – The [[Mödling and Hinterbrühl Tram]] in Vienna (Austria) is the first [[electric tram]] powered by [[overhead wire]]. * [[October 24]] – [[Cardiff University]], Wales, opens (under the name of University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire). * [[October 30]] – Two [[Clan na Gael]] [[dynamite]] bombs explode in the [[London Underground]], injuring several people. The next day, British [[Home Secretary]] [[William Vernon Harcourt (politician)|Vernon Harcourt]] drafts 300 policemen to guard the underground, and introduces the Explosives Bill. * [[November 3]] ** The 14th Century AH begins in the [[Islamic calendar]] on the 1st of Muharram, 1301 AH. ** [[American Old West]]: Self-described ''[[Black Bart (outlaw)|Black Bart]] the Po-8'' makes his last [[stagecoach]] robbery, but leaves a handkerchief with a laundry mark that eventually leads to his capture. * [[November 14]] – [[Library of Congress of Chile|Chile's National Library of Congress]] is founded. * [[November 18]] – U.S. and Canadian railroads institute 5 standard continental [[time zone]]s, ending the confusion of thousands of [[Time_in_the_United_States#History|local times]]. * [[November 28]] – [[Whitman College]] is chartered as a 4-year college in [[Walla Walla, Washington]]. * [[December 1]] – [[Battleford Industrial School]], the first government-operated [[Canadian Indian residential school system|Indian residential school]] opens in Canada. * [[December 5]] – [[Bisbee Massacre]]: Five people are killed in the robbery of a general store by bandits in [[Bisbee, Arizona]].<ref>"Bisbee Massacre", in ''The Encyclopedia of Lawmen, Outlaws, and Gunfighters'', Leon Claire Metz, ed. (Infobase Publishing, 2002) p25.</ref> * [[December 16]] – [[Tonkin Campaign]]: French forces capture the [[Sơn Tây]] citadel. * [[December 21]] – The [[Royal Canadian Dragoons]] and The [[Royal Canadian Regiment]], the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments of the Canadian Army, are formed. * [[December 26]] – [[The Harbour Grace Affray]] takes place in [[Harbour Grace]], [[Colony of Newfoundland]]. === Date unknown === * [[Antoni Gaudí]] begins to work on the [[Sagrada Família]] Cathedral in [[Barcelona]] (it will be [[consecrated]] in [[2010]]). * Construction of [[Speicherstadt]] as a [[List of free ports|free zone]] in the [[Port of Hamburg]] begins. * During construction of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] in 1883, blasting and excavation reveal high concentrations of [[nickel]]–[[copper]] [[ore]] at [[Murray Mine]], on the edge of the [[Sudbury Basin]], located near [[Sudbury, Ontario]], Canada. * The [[British Parliament]] considers a major bill to allow Indian judges to try Europeans in India. The British community rises in protest, and defeats the measure. * The Mexican government passes a law allowing real estate companies (controlled by General [[Porfirio Díaz]]'s political associates) to survey public and "vacant" lands, and to retain one third of the land they survey. * [[Bernard Kroger]] establishes the first [[Kroger]] [[grocery store]], in [[Cincinnati]], [[Ohio]]. * The first [[purebred]] [[Percheron]] (horse) [[stud book]] is created in France. * [[ASEA]] is founded by Ludvig Fredholm in [[Sweden]], predecessor of the global electronic equipment and engineering business [[ABB]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Jan|last=Glete|authorlink=Jan Glete|title=Asea under hundra år: 1883-1983|location=Västerås|year=1987}}</ref> * Founding of: ** [[Houghton College]] in New York State ** [[Wagner College]] in New York City ** [[Baltimore Polytechnic Institute]] in Maryland ** [[Raith Rovers F.C.]] in Scotland ** The Black Arabs F.C (later [[Bristol Rovers]]) in England ** [[Dunstable Town F.C.]] in England == Births == === January–February === [[File:52 HatoyamaI.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ichirō Hatoyama]]]] [[File:Clement Attlee.png|thumb|100px|[[Clement Attlee]]]] [[File:ANTolstoy.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoy]]]] [[File:Karl Jaspers 1946.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Karl Jaspers]]]] * [[January 1]] – [[Ichirō Hatoyama]], [[Prime Minister of Japan]] (d. [[1959]]) * [[January 3]] – [[Clement Attlee]], [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1967]]) * [[January 4]] – [[Johanna Westerdijk]], Dutch plant pathologist (d. [[1961]]) * [[January 5]] – [[Döme Sztójay]], [[Prime Minister of Hungary]] (d. [[1946]]) * [[January 6]] – [[Kahlil Gibran]], Lebanese poet, painter and novelist (d. [[1931]]) * [[January 10]] ** [[Francis X. Bushman]], American screen actor (d. [[1966]]) ** [[Hubert Latham]], pioneer French aviator of the pre-[[World War I]] era (d. [[1912]]) ** [[Florence Reed]], American actress (d. [[1967]]) ** [[Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoy]], Russian writer (d. [[1945]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Stanley Hochman|title=McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama: An International Reference Work in 5 Volumes|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1984|page=31}}</ref> * [[January 16]] – [[Oswald Short]], English aircraft manufacturer (d. [[1969]]) * [[January 19]] – [[Waite Phillips]], American businessman, philanthropist (d. [[1964]] * [[January 20]] – [[Bertram Ramsay]], British admiral (d. [[1945]])<ref>{{Cite ODNB|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35661|title=Ramsay, Sir Bertram Home (1883–1945), naval officer|last=Farrell|first=Brian P.|date=19 May 2011|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/35661|access-date=5 September 2019}}</ref> * [[February 8]] – [[Joseph Schumpeter]], Austrian economist (d. [[1950]])<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last= Humphrey |first= Thomas M. |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title=Schumpeter, Joseph (1893–1950) |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |year=2008 |publisher=SAGE Publications; Cato Institute |location= Thousand Oaks, CA |doi= 10.4135/9781412965811.n276|isbn= 978-1412965804 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=452–455 |chapter= Schumpeter, Joseph (1883–1950) }}</ref> * [[February 15]] – [[Sax Rohmer]], English author (d. [[1959]]) * [[February 16]] – [[Koshirō Oikawa]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1958]]) * [[February 22]] ** [[Abe Attell]], American boxer (d. [[1970]]) ** [[Marguerite Clark]], American silent film actress (d. [[1940]]) * [[February 23]] – [[Karl Jaspers]], German philosopher (d. [[1969]]) * [[February 28]] – [[Gheorghe Argeșanu]], Romanian general and politician, 40th [[Prime Minister of Romania]] (d. [[1940]]) === March–April === [[File:Maude Fealy 4.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Maude Fealy]]]] [[File:Stanley Bruce 1930.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Stanley Bruce]]]] * [[March 2]] – [[Nikos Kazantzakis]], Greek writer (d. [[1957]]) * [[March 3]] – [[Cyril Burt]], British educational psychologist (d. [[1971]]) * [[March 4]] ** [[Sam Langford]], Canadian boxer (d. [[1956]]) ** [[Maude Fealy]], American actress (d. [[1971]]) * [[March 7]] – [[Michael Somogyi]], Hungarian-American biochemist (d. [[1971]]) * [[March 19]] ** [[Norman Haworth]], British chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1950]]) ** [[Joseph Stilwell]], American general (d. [[1946]]) * [[March 24]] – [[Dorothy Campbell]], Scottish golfer (d. [[1945]]) * [[March 28]] – [[Tikiri Bandara Panabokke II]], Ceylonese colonial-era legislator, lawyer and diplomat (d. [[1963]]) * [[April 1]] **[[Laurette Taylor]], American actress (d. [[1946]]) **[[Lon Chaney]], American actor (d. [[1930]]) * [[April 3]] – [[Henry Diesen]], Norwegian admiral (d. [[1953]]) * [[April 5]] – [[Walter Huston]], Canadian-born American actor (d. [[1950]]) * [[April 11]] – [[Leonard Mudie]], English actor (d. [[1965]]) * [[April 12]] – [[Dally Messenger]], Australian rugby league player (d. [[1959]]) * [[April 15]] – [[Stanley Bruce]], 8th [[Prime Minister of Australia]] (d. [[1967]]) * [[April 25]] – [[Semyon Budyonny]], Cossack cavalryman, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. [[1973]]) * [[April 30]] – [[Jaroslav Hašek]], Czech writer (d. [[1923]])<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/501greatwritersc0000unse/page/287/mode/1up | isbn=9781845433109 | title=501 great writers : A comprehensive guide to the giants of literature | year=2009 | last1=Patrick | first1=Julian | publisher=Apple |page=287}}</ref> === May–June === [[File:Eleazar_L%C3%B3pez_Contreras.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Eleazar López Contreras]]]] [[File:JoseOrtegayGasset.jpg|thumb|100px|[[José Ortega y Gasset]]]] [[File:Mahmut Celâl Bayar.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Celâl Bayar]]]] [[File:WalterGropius-1919.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Walter Gropius]]]] [[File:GASPARDUTRA.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Eurico Gaspar Dutra]]]] [[File:Douglas Fairbanks Sr. - Private Life of Don Juan.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Douglas Fairbanks]]]] [[File:Hess.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Victor Franz Hess]]]] [[File:Pierre Laval a Meurisse 1931.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Pierre Laval]]]] * [[May 1]] – [[Thomas J. Moore|Tom Moore]], Irish-American actor (d. [[1955]]) * [[May 5]] ** [[Eleazar López Contreras]], 32nd [[President of Venezuela]] (d. [[1973]]) ** [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell]], British field marshal (d. [[1950]]) * [[May 9]] – [[José Ortega y Gasset]], Spanish philosopher (d. [[1955]]) * [[May 10]] – [[Eugen Leviné]], Communist leader of the [[Munich Soviet Republic]] (d. [[1919]]) * [[May 16]] ** [[Celâl Bayar]], Turkish politician, statesman, 3rd President of Turkey (d. [[1986]]) ** [[Solomone Ula Ata]], Prime Minister of Tonga (d. [[1950]]) * [[May 18]] ** [[Walter Gropius]], German architect (d. [[1969]]) ** [[Hasui Kawase]], Japanese painter, printmaker (d. [[1957]]) ** [[Eurico Gaspar Dutra]], Brazilian marshal, 16th [[President of Brazil]] (d. [[1974]]) * [[May 23]] – [[Douglas Fairbanks]], American actor (d. [[1939]]) * [[May 24]] – [[Elsa Maxwell]], American gossip columnist, international party giver (d. [[1963]]) * [[May 25]] – [[Lesley J. McNair]], American general (d. [[1944]]) * [[May 27]] – [[Jessie Arms Botke]], American artist (d. [[1971]]) * [[May 28]] – [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]], Indian pro-independence activist, Hindu nationalist (d. [[1966]]) * [[May 31]] – [[Lauri Kristian Relander]], [[President of Finland]] (d. [[1942]]) * [[June 5]] ** [[John Maynard Keynes]], English economist (d. [[1946]]) ** [[Mary Helen Young]], Scottish nurse and resistance fighter during World War II (died [[1945]])<ref>{{cite ODNB |title=Young, Mary Helen (1883–1945), nurse and resistance worker |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-73212 | year=2004 |access-date=24 August 2022 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/73212| isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 | last1=Watson | first1=Fiona R. }}</ref> * [[June 7]] – [[Sylvanus Morley]], American scholar, World War I spy (d. [[1948]]) * [[June 11]] – [[Aubrey Fitch]], American admiral (d. [[1978]]) * [[June 18]] – [[Mary Alden]], American stage, screen actress (d. [[1946]]) * [[June 20]] – [[Royal E. Ingersoll]], American admiral (d. [[1976]]) * [[June 24]] – [[Victor Francis Hess]], Austrian-born American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1964]]) * [[June 28]] – [[Pierre Laval]], [[Prime Minister of France]] (d. [[1945]]) * [[June 29]] – [[Lothrop Stoddard]], American [[Eugenics|eugenicist]], radical scientific racist (d. [[1950]]) === July–August === [[File:Kafka1906.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Franz Kafka]]]] [[File:MaxFleischerPDUS.JPG|thumb|100px|[[Max Fleischer]]]] [[File:Mussolini mezzobusto.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Benito Mussolini]]]] [[File:Coco Chanel, 1920.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Coco Chanel]]]] * [[July 1]] – [[István Friedrich]], 24th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. [[1951]]) * [[July 3]] – [[Franz Kafka]], Austrian writer (d. [[1924]]) * [[July 4]] – [[Rube Goldberg]], American cartoonist (d. [[1970]]) * [[July 6]] – [[Godfrey Huggins]], English-born Rhodesian politician and physician, [[Prime Minister of Rhodesia]] (d. [[1971]]) * [[July 10]] – [[Johannes Blaskowitz]], German general (d. [[1948]]) * [[July 13]] – [[Jack Reagan]], American salesman (d. [[1941]]) * [[July 16]] – [[Charles Sheeler]], American photographer, artist (d. [[1965]]) * [[July 19]] ** [[Max Fleischer]], Austrian animator, film producer ([[Betty Boop]]) (d. [[1972]]) ** [[Beatrice Forbes, Countess of Granard]], American-born heiress (d. [[1972]]) * [[July 20]] – [[Catherine Bramwell-Booth]], English Salvation Army officer (d. [[1987]]) * [[July 23]] **[[Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke]], British field marshal (d. [[1963]]) **[[Ubaldo Soddu]], Italian general (d. [[1949]])<ref>[http://www.generals.dk/general/Soddu/Ubaldo/Italy.html Ubaldo Soddu] on [http://www.generals.dkGenerals], Access date 24 February 2020</ref> ** [[Oscar Westover]], United States Army Air Corps general (d. [[1938]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7562 |title=Official US Air Force biography |access-date=December 12, 2022 |archive-date=December 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212041508/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=7562 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[July 25]] – [[Alfredo Casella]], Italian composer (d. [[1947]]) * [[July 26]] – [[Edwin Balmer]], American science fiction, mystery writer (d. [[1959]]) * [[July 29]] ** [[Henry Robertson Bowers]], Scottish polar explorer (d. [[1912]]) ** [[Benito Mussolini]], dictator of Italy (d. [[1945]]) * [[July 31]] – [[Ramón Fonst]], Cuban fencer (d. 1959) * [[August 2]] – [[Aurelio Mosquera]], Ecuadorian politician, 25th [[President of Ecuador]] (d. [[1939]]) * [[August 6]] – [[Scott Nearing]], American political activist, economist, and simple living advocate (d. [[1983]]) * [[August 9]] – [[Chester Gillette]], American murderer (d. [[1908]]) * [[August 12]] **[[Pauline Frederick]], American stage, screen actress (d. [[1938]]) **[[Marion Lorne]], American film, stage and television actress (d. [[1968]]) * [[August 15]] – [[Ivan Meštrović]], Croatian sculptor and architect (d. [[1962]]) * [[August 19]] ** [[Coco Chanel]], French fashion designer (d. [[1971]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Coco Chanel {{!}} Biography, Fashion, Designs, Perfume, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Coco-Chanel |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=19 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ** [[Elsie Ferguson]], American actress (d. [[1961]]) ** [[José Mendes Cabeçadas]], 9th President of Portugal and 94th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. [[1965]]) ** [[Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp]], 24th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. [[1954]]) * [[August 23]] ** [[Jesse Pennington]], English footballer (d. [[1970]]) ** [[Jonathan M. Wainwright (general)|Jonathan M. Wainwright]], American general (d. [[1953]]) * [[August 30]] – [[Theo van Doesburg]], Dutch artist, painter, architect, and poet (d. [[1931]]) === September–October === [[File:Mel Sheppard.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Mel Sheppard]]]] [[File:Otto Warburg.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Otto Heinrich Warburg]]]] * [[September 2]] – [[Rudolf Weigl]], Polish biologist (d. [[1957]]) * [[September 5]] – [[Mel Sheppard]], American Olympic athlete (d. [[1942]]) * [[September 13]] – [[August Zaleski]], 6th [[President of Poland]] (d. [[1972]]) * [[September 15]] – [[Esteban Terradas i Illa]], Catalan mathematician, scientist, and engineer (d. [[1950]]) * [[September 28]] – [[Berta Pīpiņa]], Latvian politician (d. [[1942]]) * [[October 2]] – [[Karl von Terzaghi]], Austrian civil engineer and "father of soil mechanics" (d. [[1963]]) * [[October 5]] – [[Joseph Hubert Priestley]], British botanist (d. [[1944]])<ref name="Who's Who 1944">{{Cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |year=1944 |title=Who's Who |publisher=[[Macmillan Inc.|Macmillan Publishers]] |edition=96th |page=2239 |location=New York |language=en |oclc=49208358 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.151804/page/n2333 |access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref> * [[October 8]] – [[Otto Heinrich Warburg]], German physician and physiologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1970]]) * [[October 15]] – [[Robert L. Ghormley]], American admiral (d. [[1958]]) * [[October 26]] – [[Paul Pilgrim]], American athlete (d. [[1958]]) * [[October 30]] – [[Bob Jones Sr.]], American evangelist, religious broadcaster, and founder of [[Bob Jones University]] (d. [[1968]]) * [[October 31]] – [[Anthony Wilding]], New Zealand tennis player (d. [[1915]]) === November–December === [[File:Diego Martinez Barrio.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Diego Martínez Barrio]]]] * [[November 4]] – [[Nikolaos Plastiras]], Greek general and politician (d. [[1953]]) * [[November 8]] – [[Arnold Bax]], English composer (d. [[1953]]) * [[November 9]] – [[Edna May Oliver]], American stage and film character actress (d. [[1942]]) * [[November 11]] – [[Ernest Ansermet]], Swiss conductor (d. [[1969]]) * [[November 14]] – [[Ado Birk]], 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia (d. [[1942]]) * [[November 18]] ** [[Carl Vinson]], U.S. congressman (d. [[1981]]) ** [[Alf Bjørnskau Bastiansen]], Norwegian priest and politician (d. [[1965]]) * [[November 25]] ** [[Harvey Spencer Lewis]], American occultist (b. [[1939]]) ** [[Diego Martínez Barrio]], Spanish politician, 2-time [[Prime Minister of Spain]] (d. [[1962]]) * [[November 26]] – [[Belle da Costa Greene]], American librarian, bibliographer, and archivist (d. [[1950]]) * [[November 29]] ** [[Lev Galler]], Soviet admiral (d. [[1950]]) ** [[Max Horton]], British admiral (d. [[1951]]) * [[December 3]] – [[Anton Webern]], Austrian composer (d. [[1945]]) * [[December 9]] ** [[Alexander Papagos]], Prime Minister of Greece (d. [[1955]]) ** [[Joseph Pilates]], German physical culturist and developer of [[Pilates]] (d. [[1967]]) * [[December 10]] – [[Giovanni Messe]], Italian field marshal and politician (d. [[1968]]) * [[December 12]] – [[Maxey Dell Moody]], American businessman and founder of [[M. D. Moody & Sons, Inc.]] (d. [[1949]]) * [[December 14]] – [[Morihei Ueshiba]], Japanese martial artist and founder of aikido (d. [[1969]]) * [[December 16]] – [[Max Linder]], French actor (d. [[1925]]) * [[December 22]] – [[Edgard Varèse]], French composer (d. [[1965]]) * [[December 25]] – [[Hugo Bergmann]], German and Israeli Jewish philosopher (d. [[1975]]) * [[December 26]] – [[Maurice Utrillo]], French artist and illustrator (d. [[1955]]) * [[December 28]] – [[Lloyd Fredendall]], American general (d. [[1963]]) * [[December 29]] – [[Forrest Taylor]], American stage, film and television actor (d. [[1965]]) === Date unknown === * [[Lotte Herrlich]], German photographer (d. [[1956]]) * [[Constantin Noe]], Megleno-Romanian editor and professor (d. [[1939]])<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/5573680|title=Aromâni, meglenoromâni, istroromâni: aspecte identitare și culturale|first1=Adina|last1=Berciu Drăghicescu|first2=Lozovanu|last2=Dorin|first3=Coman|last3=Virgil|publisher=Editura Universității din București|year=2012|language=ro|isbn=9786061601486}}</ref> * [[Ali Ahmad Khan]], Afghan politician and emir (d. [[1929]]) * [[Ernest Spybuck]], Native American artist (d. [[1949]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=SP017|title=SPYBUCK, ERNEST (1883–1949) |work=Digital.library.okstate.edu |publisher=Oklahoma State University|access-date=2010-08-30}}</ref> * [[Trần Trọng Kim]], Vietnamese historian and Prime Minister of the [[Empire of Vietnam]] (d. [[1953]]) == Deaths == === January–June === [[File:RichardWagner.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Richard Wagner]]]] [[File:Ruth Keelikolani, retouched photo by J. J. Williams.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Keʻelikōlani]]]] [[File:Karl Marx_001.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Karl Marx]]]] [[File:Édouard Manet-crop.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Édouard Manet]]]] * [[January 4]] – [[Antoine Chanzy]], French general and colonial governor (b. [[1823]]) * [[January 8]] – [[Miska Magyarics]], [[Slovenes|Slovene]] poet in Hungary (b. [[1825]]) * [[January 10]] ** [[Samuel Mudd]], American doctor to [[John Wilkes Booth]] (b. [[1833]]) ** [[Elling Eielsen]], Norwegian Lutheran leader (b. [[1804]]) * [[January 17]] – [[Matilde Diez]], Spanish actress (b. [[1818]])<ref>{{cite book|title=The Athenaeum|publisher=J. Lection|year=1883|page=194}}</ref> * [[January 23]] – [[Gustave Doré]], French artist (b. [[1832]]) * [[January 24]] – [[Friedrich von Flotow]], German composer (b. [[1812]]) * [[February 13]] – [[Richard Wagner]], German composer (b. [[1813]]) * [[February 15]] – [[Prince Kachō Hiroatsu]] of Japan (b. [[1875]]) * [[February 17]] ** [[Napoléon Coste]], French guitarist and composer (b. [[1806]]) ** [[Vasudev Balwant Phadke]], Indian revolutionary (b. [[1845]]) * [[February 18]] – [[Francis Abbott]], Australian astronomer (b. [[1799]]) * [[March 4]] – [[Alexander Hamilton Stephens]], [[Vice President of the Confederate States of America]] (b. [[1812]]) * [[March 14]] – [[Karl Marx]], German communist philosopher (b. [[1818]]) * [[March 20]] – [[Charles Lasègue]], French physician (b. [[1816]]) * [[March 21]] – [[Grigol Orbeliani]], Georgian poet and soldier (b. [[1804]]) *[[March 27]] – [[John Brown (servant)|John Brown]], Scottish personal servant and favourite of Queen Victoria (b. [[1826]]) * [[March 28]] – [[Napoleon Bonaparte Buford]], American general and railroad executive (b. [[1807]]) * [[April 4]] – [[Peter Cooper]], American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (b. [[1791]]) * [[April 13]] – [[Archduchess Maria Antonietta of Austria (1858–1883)|Archduchess Maria Antonietta of Austria, Princess of Tuscany]] (b. [[1858]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJiXL39YhHYC&q=maria+antoniette+di+toscana+1858+firenze|title=Il divin salvatore periodico settimanale romano|date=7 June 1883|publisher=Tip. Salviucci|via=Google Books}}</ref> * [[April 15]] – [[Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (b. [[1823]]) * [[April 16]] – [[Charles II, Duke of Parma]] (b. [[1799]]) * [[April 26]] – [[Napoleon Orda]], Belarusian composer and artist (b. [[1807]]) * [[April 30]] – [[Édouard Manet]], French painter (b. [[1832]]) * [[May 6]] – [[Cecilia Fryxell]], Swedish educational pioneer (b. [[1806]])<ref>{{SKBL|name=Ulrika Cecilia Fryxell}}</ref> * [[May 24]] – [[Keʻelikōlani]], princess of Hawaii (b. [[1826]])<ref>{{cite news|first=Samuel C.|last=Damon|title=The Friend|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0caz98buyfEC&pg=RA3-PA60|issue=7|volume=32|year=1883|publisher=S.C. Damon|page=60}}</ref> * [[May 26]] – [[Abdelkader El Djezairi]], Algerian leader (b. [[1808]]) * [[June 6]] – [[Ciprian Porumbescu]], Romanian composer (b. 1853) * [[June 11]] – [[Caroline Leigh Gascoigne]], English writer (b. 1813) * [[June 20]] – [[John Colenso]], English-born mathematician and theologian, Bishop of Natal (b. [[1814]]) * [[June 26]] – [[Edward Sabine]], Irish astronomer (b. [[1788]]) === July–December === [[File:Wilhelm Siemens.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Carl Wilhelm Siemens]]]] * [[July 15]] – [[General Tom Thumb]], American circus performer and entertainer (b. [[1838]]) * [[July 22]] – [[Edward Ord]], U.S. Army officer (b. [[1818]]) * [[July 23]] – [[Rose Massey]], English actress (b. [[1851]]?) * [[July 24]] – [[Matthew Webb]], English sailor, first recorded person to swim the English Channel without the use of artificial aids (b. [[1848]]) * [[July 27]] – [[Montgomery Blair]], American politician (b. [[1813]]) * [[July 28]] – [[Carlo Pellion di Persano]], Italian admiral and politician (b. [[1806]]) * [[August 24]] – [[Henri, Count of Chambord]], pretender to the French throne (b. [[1820]]) * [[August 25]] – [[Louise Lateau]], Belgian mystic and stigmatist (b. [[1850]]) * [[September 3]] – [[Ivan Turgenev]], Russian writer (b. [[1818]]) * [[September 10]] – [[Otto Pius Hippius]], Baltic German architect (b. [[1826]]) * [[September 17]] – [[Junius Brutus Booth Jr.]], American actor and theatre manager (b. [[1821]]) * [[September 24]] – [[Selina Jenkinson]], British aristocrat (b. [[1812]]) * [[October 5]] – [[Joachim Barrande]], French palaeontologist (b. [[1799]]) * [[October 14]] – [[Sir Arthur Elton, 7th Baronet]], English writer and Liberal Party politician (b. [[1818]]) * [[October 20]] – [[George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall]], Anglo-Irish landowner, courtier and politician (b. [[1797]]) * [[October 22]] – [[Thomas Mayne Reid]], Irish-American novelist (b. [[1818]]) * [[October 30]] ** [[Dayananda Saraswati]], Hindu religious leader (b. [[1824]]) ** [[Robert Volkmann]], German composer (b. [[1815]]) * [[November 19]] – [[Carl Wilhelm Siemens]], German engineer (b. [[1823]]) * [[November 20]] – [[Tenshoin]], wife of 13th Shōgun of Japan, [[Tokugawa Iesada]] (b.[[1836]]) * [[November 29]] – [[Elisabeth Dieudonné Vincent]], Haitian-born migrant and free woman of colour (b. [[1798]]) * [[December 13]] – [[Victor de Laprade]], French poet and critic (b. [[1812]]) * [[December 27]] – [[Andrew A. Humphreys]], American general and civil engineer (b. [[1810]]) === Dates unknown === [[File:Margaret Agnes Bunn-3.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Margaret Agnes Bunn]]]] *[[Margaret Agnes Bunn]], British actress (b. [[1799]]) *[[Jules Miot]], French republican socialist (b. [[1809]]) == References == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading == * [https://archive.org/details/appletonsannual55unkngoog ''1883 Annual Cyclopedia'' (1884) online]; highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for 1883; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage. 897pp {{DEFAULTSORT:1883}} [[Category:1883| ]]
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