Editing 1889

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== Events ==

=== January–March ===
* [[January 1]]
** The total [[solar eclipse of January 1, 1889]] is seen over parts of [[California]] and [[Nevada]].
** Paiute spiritual leader [[Wovoka]] experiences a [[Vision (spirituality)|vision]], leading to the start of the [[Ghost Dance]] movement in [[the Dakotas]].
* [[January 4]] – An Act to Regulate Appointments in the Marine Hospital Service of the United States is signed by President [[Grover Cleveland]]. It establishes a Commissioned Corps of officers, as a predecessor to the modern-day U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps.
* [[January 8]] – [[Herman Hollerith]] receives a patent for his electric [[tabulating machine]] in the United States.
* [[January 15]] – [[The Coca-Cola Company]] is originally [[Incorporation (business)|incorporated]] as the Pemberton Medicine Company in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]].
* [[January 22]] – [[Columbia Phonograph]] is formed in Washington, D.C.
[[File:Rudolph & mary.jpg|thumb|upright|[[January 30]]: Suicide of [[Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria|Rudolf]] & [[Baroness Mary Vetsera|Mary]] at [[Mayerling]]]]
* [[January 30]] – [[Mayerling incident]]: [[Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria]], and his mistress [[Baroness Mary Vetsera]] commit a double suicide (or a murder-suicide) at the [[Mayerling]] hunting lodge in the Vienna Woods.
* [[February 11]] – The [[Meiji Constitution]] of Japan is adopted; the 1st [[Diet of Japan]] convenes in [[1890]].
* [[February 15]] – The first issue of the Filipino liberal newspaper ''[[La Solidaridad]]'' is published in Spain.
* [[February 17]] – The [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds]] is founded in [[Manchester]] (England), originally known as "The Plumage League" to campaign against the use of plumage in women's clothing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rspb.org.uk/about/history/milestones.asp|title=Milestones|publisher=RSPB|access-date=2007-02-19}}</ref>
* [[February 22]] – [[President of the United States|President]] [[Grover Cleveland]] signs the [[Enabling Act of 1889]], admitting [[North Dakota]], [[South Dakota]], [[Montana]] and [[Washington (state)|Washington]] as [[U.S. state]]s.
* [[February 25]] – The [[Lists of landmark court decisions#Landmark decisions in the United Kingdom|landmark court decision]] in the case of ''[[The Moorcock]]'' establishes the concept of [[implied term]]s in [[English contract law]].<ref>14 PD 64.</ref>
* [[March 2]] – The United States Congress proclaims the entire [[Bering Sea]] to be under US control.
* [[March 9]] – [[Battle of Metemma]]: [[Yohannes IV]], [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], is killed; [[Sudan]]ese forces, who have been almost defeated, rally and destroy the [[Ethiopia]]n army. Yohannes is probably the world's last ruler ever to die in battle; on [[March 25]] [[Menelik II]] proclaims himself as his successor.
* [[March 11]] – The [[North Carolina]] Legislature issues a charter for the creation of [[Elon College]].
* [[March 12]] – [[Almon Brown Strowger|Almon B. Strowger]], an undertaker in [[Topeka, Kansas]], files a patent in the United States for an [[automatic telephone exchange]] using the [[Strowger switch]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Roger B.|last=Hill |title=The Early Years of the Strowger System|url=http://www.privateline.com/Switching/EarlyYears.html|journal=Bell Laboratories Record|volume=31|issue=3|pages=95–103|accessdate=2011-11-03|date=March 1953|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025123622/http://www.privateline.com/Switching/EarlyYears.html|archivedate=2011-10-25}}</ref>
* [[March 15]] – [[Samoan crisis]]: German and American warships keep each other at bay in a standoff in [[Apia]] Harbor, ending when a [[1889 Apia cyclone|cyclone]] blows in and sinks them all.
* [[March 22]] – English [[Association football]] team [[Sheffield United F.C.]] is formed at the Adelphi Hotel, [[Sheffield]]. They play their first match on September 7.
* [[March 23]] – Claiming to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] founds the [[Ahmadiyya]] Muslim community in [[Punjab Province (British India)]].
[[File:Tour eiffel at sunrise from the trocadero.jpg|thumb|upright|[[March 31]]: The [[Eiffel Tower]] is inaugurated, becoming the tallest structure in the world]]
* [[March 30]] – [[Preston North End F.C.]] win the [[1889 FA Cup final]] in England.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fa-cupfinals.co.uk/1889.html |title=1889.html|publisher=Fa-cupfinals.co.uk|access-date=15 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928080039/http://www.fa-cupfinals.co.uk/1889.html |archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> Having on January 5 won the [[1888–89 Football League|first Football League]] title with no defeats all season, they complete the [[Double (association football)|double]] in Association football.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statto.com/football/teams/preston-north-end/1888-1889|title=Preston North End 1888–1889 Home|publisher=statto.com|access-date=15 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907005120/http://www.statto.com/football/teams/preston-north-end/1888-1889|archive-date=7 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[March 31]] – The [[Eiffel Tower]] is inaugurated in Paris (opens [[May 6]]). At {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}}, its height exceeds the previous [[List of tallest buildings and structures in the world|tallest structure in the world]] by {{convert|130|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Contemporary critics regard it as aesthetically displeasing.

=== April–June ===
* April – British chemists [[Frederick Abel]] and [[James Dewar]] file their first patent for the smokeless propellant [[cordite]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Yoel|last=Bergman|title=The Technological Need: Abel & Dewar’s Primary Motive for Inventing Cordite in 1889|journal=British Journal for Military History|issn=2057-0422 |volume=8|issue=3|date=2022-11-28|pages=202-219|doi=10.25602/GOLD.bjmh.v8i3.1651|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365797403_The_Technological_Need_Abel_Dewar's_Primary_Motive_for_Inventing_Cordite_in_1889|accessdate=2025-05-15}}</ref>
* [[April 1]] – Following a failure on January 27 to launch a coup, former French defense minister General [[Georges Boulanger]] flees to Brussels to avoid arrest for treason.
* [[April 10]] – The Hammarby Roddförening (later [[Hammarby IF]]) sports club is founded in [[Sweden]].
* [[April 20]] – Birth of [[Adolf Hitler]] at [[Braunau am Inn]] in [[Austria-Hungary]], the son of customs official [[Alois Hitler]] and his third wife, [[Klara Hitler|Klara]].
[[File:Oklahoma Land Rush.jpg|thumb|upright|[[April 22]]: Oklahoma [[Land Run of 1889|Land Run]]]]
* [[April 22]] – At high noon in Oklahoma Territory, thousands rush to claim land in the [[Land Rush of 1889]]. Within hours the cities of [[Oklahoma City]] and [[Guthrie, Oklahoma|Guthrie]] are formed, with populations of at least 10,000.
* May – [[1889–1890 pandemic]] of influenza first reported in the city of [[Bukhara]] in the [[Central Asia]]n part of the Russian Empire.<ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Jeffrey R.|editor-last=Ryan|chapter=Past Pandemics and Their Outcome|title=Pandemic Influenza: Emergency Planning and Community Preparedness|year=2008|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-42006088-1|page=16|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t13C_eWhOX4C&pg=PA16}}</ref>
* [[May 2]] – [[Menelik II]], Emperor of [[Ethiopia]], signs a treaty of amity with Italy, giving Italy control over what will become [[Eritrea]].
* [[May 6]] – The [[Exposition Universelle (1889)|Exposition Universelle]] opens in Paris, with the [[Eiffel Tower]] as its entrance arch. The [[Galerie des machines]], at {{convert|111|m|ft|abbr=on}}, spans the longest interior space in the world at this time. The Exposition, which marks the centenary of the French Revolution, runs until October 31.
* [[May 11]] – [[Wham Paymaster robbery]]: An attack upon a U.S. Army paymaster and escort in the Arizona Territory results in the theft of over $28,000, and the award of two [[Medal of Honor|Medals of Honor]].
* [[May 28]] – Rubber [[tire]] company [[Michelin]] is registered by [[Édouard Michelin (industrialist)|Édouard]] and [[André Michelin]] in [[Clermont-Ferrand]], [[France]].
* [[May 31]]
** [[Johnstown Flood]]: The [[South Fork Dam]] collapses in western [[Pennsylvania]], killing more than 2,200 people in and around [[Johnstown, Pennsylvania]].
** The [[Naval Defence Act 1889|Naval Defence Act]] dictates that the fleet strength of the British [[Royal Navy]] must be equal to that of at least any two other countries.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=315–316|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[June]] – [[Vincent van Gogh]] paints ''[[The Starry Night]]'' at [[Saint-Rémy-de-Provence]].
* [[June 3]] – The first long distance [[electric power transmission]] line in the United States is completed, running {{convert|14|mi|km}} between a generator at [[Willamette River|Willamette Falls]] and downtown [[Portland, Oregon]].
* [[June 6]] – The [[Great Seattle Fire]] ravages through the [[Downtown Seattle|downtown area]] without any fatalities.
* [[June 12]] – The [[Armagh rail disaster]]: runaway carriages from a Sunday school excursion collide with an oncoming train near [[Armagh]] in the north of Ireland, killing 80, leading to rapid passage of the [[Regulation of Railways Act 1889]] on railway signalling and brakes in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|last=Currie|first=J. R. L.|title=The Runaway Train: Armagh 1889|year=1971|publisher=David & Charles|location=Newton Abbot|isbn=0-7153-5198-2}}</ref>
* [[June 19]] – A [[Neapolitan cuisine|Neapolitan]] baker named [[Raffaele Esposito]] invents the [[Pizza Margherita]], named after the queen consort of Italy [[Margherita of Savoy]]. This is the forerunner of the modern pizza.
* [[June 26]] – [[Bangui]] is founded in the [[French Congo]].
* [[June 28]] – The annular [[solar eclipse of June 28, 1889]] is visible across the Atlantic Ocean, Africa and Indian Ocean, and is the 47th solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 125]].
* [[June 29]]–[[June 30|30]] – First Inter-Parliamentary Conference held.

=== July–September ===
* [[July 6]] – Several aristocrats are implicated in the [[Cleveland Street scandal]] after police raid a male brothel in London.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8}}</ref>
* [[July 8]]
** The first issue of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' is published in New York City.
** The last official [[bare-knuckle boxing]] title fight is held (under [[London Prize Ring Rules]]): Heavyweight Champion [[John L. Sullivan]], the ''Boston Strong Boy'', defeats [[Jake Kilrain]] in a world championship bout, lasting 75 rounds, in [[Mississippi]].
* [[July 14]] – [[International Workers Congresses of Paris, 1889|International Workers Congresses of Paris]] open, and establish the [[Second International]].
* [[July 15]] – The [[Emperor of Brazil]], [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]], survives an assassination attempt in [[Rio de Janeiro]].
* [[July 31]] – [[Louise, Princess Royal]] of the United Kingdom, marries [[Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife]], at [[Buckingham Palace]] in London.
* [[August 3]] – [[Mahdist War]]: [[Battle of Toski]] – [[Egypt]]ian and British troops are victorious.
* [[August 4]] –  [[The Great Fire (Spokane)|The Great Fire]] of [[Spokane, Washington]], destroys some 32 blocks of the city, prompting a mass rebuilding project.
* [[August 6]] – The [[Savoy Hotel]] in London opens.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[August 10]] – At the [[Vienna]] [[Hofburg]], the grand opening ceremony is held for the [[Imperial Natural History Museum]] ({{Langx|de|K.k. Naturhistorisches Hofmuseum}}), begun in 1871; from August 13 to the end of December, the museum counts 175,000 visitors.
* [[August 14]]–[[September 15]] – [[London Dock Strike of 1889|London Dock Strike]]: Dockers [[Strike action|strike]] for a minimum wage of sixpence an hour ("The dockers' tanner"), which they eventually receive, a landmark in the development of [[New Unionism]] in Britain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.77/The-Great-Dock-Strike-of-1889.html|title=The Great Dock Strike|work=PortCities project|access-date=2008-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225051202/http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.77/The-Great-Dock-Strike-of-1889.html|archive-date=February 25, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 26]] – The [[Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act 1889|Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act]], commonly known as the ''Children's Charter'', is passed in the United Kingdom; for the first time it imposes criminal penalties to deter [[child abuse]].<ref>{{cite news|first=David|last=Batty|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2005/may/18/childrensservices2|title=Timeline: a history of child protection|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=May 18, 2005|access-date=September 15, 2010}}</ref>
* [[August 30]] – The [[Royal Mail Mount Pleasant Sorting Office]] officially opens in London.
* August – The Jewish settlement of [[Moisés Ville]] is founded in [[Argentina]].
* [[September 10]] – Albert Honoré Charles Grimaldi becomes [[Albert I, Prince of Monaco]].
* [[September 17]] – American Civil War veteran [[Wilderness Union order of battle|Charles Jefferson Wright]] founds [[New York Military Academy]], with 75 students on {{convert|30|acre|m2}} of land in [[Cornwall, New York]].
[[File:Nintendo former headquarter plate Kyoto.jpg|thumb|upright|[[September 23]]: [[Nintendo]] founded as a [[playing card]] manufacturer]]
* [[September 23]] – The [[Nintendo]] Koppai (later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded in Japan by [[Fusajiro Yamauchi]], to produce and market [[Hanafuda]] [[playing card]]s.

=== October–December ===
* [[October 2]] – In Washington, D.C., the first [[International Conference of American States]] begins.
* [[October 6]]
** [[Mount Kilimanjaro]]'s summit is first reached, by German geologist [[Hans Meyer (geologist)|Hans Meyer]] with Austrian mountaineer [[Ludwig Purtscheller]].
** The ''[[Moulin Rouge]]'' [[cabaret]] opens in Paris.
* [[October 12]] – [[Gustaf Åkerhielm]], previously Swedish Foreign Minister, replaces [[Gillis Bildt]] as [[Prime Minister of Sweden]].
* [[October 21]] – Field Marshal [[Helmuth von Moltke the Elder]] is recorded by [[Adelbert Theodor Wangemann]], a German associate of [[Thomas Edison]], on wax cylinders via [[phonograph]]. The two surviving wax cylinders that are produced make von Moltke, who was born in 1800, the earliest-living human whose voice has been recorded, and the only person born in the [[18th century]] whose voice will be heard into the 21st.
* [[October 24]] – Sir [[Henry Parkes]], Premier of [[New South Wales]], delivers the [[Tenterfield Oration]], calling for the [[Federation of Australia]].
* [[October 29]] – The [[British South Africa Company]] receives a Royal Charter.<ref name=CBH/>
* [[November]] – The first free elections are held in [[Costa Rica]].
* [[November 2]]
** [[North Dakota]] and [[South Dakota]] are admitted as the 39th and 40th [[U.S. state]]s, respectively.
** English [[Association football]] team [[Wimbledon F.C.]] plays their first match.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Historical Don|url=http://historicaldons.com/index.php?od=2&yd=0|access-date=2015-05-15}}</ref>
* [[November 8]] – [[Montana]] is admitted as the 41st [[U.S. state]].
* [[November 11]] – [[Washington (state)|Washington]] is admitted as the 42nd [[U.S. state]].
* [[November 14]] – Pioneer American woman journalist [[Nellie Bly]] (Elizabeth Cochrane) begins an attempt to travel around the world in less than 80 days, inspired by [[Jules Verne]]; she finishes the journey in 72 days, 6 hours and 11 minutes.
* [[November 15]] – Field Marshal [[Deodoro da Fonseca]] organizes a military [[coup d'état|coup]] which deposes Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]] and abolishes the Brazilian [[monarchy]]. Deodoro da Fonseca proclaims Brazil a republic, and forms a provisional government.
* [[November 17]] – The [[Brazilian Imperial Family]] is forced into exile in France.
* [[November 19]] – The modern-day [[flag of Brazil]] is adopted by the Provisional Government of the Republic.
* [[November 20]]
** [[Argentina]] is the first country to recognize the abolition of the monarchy in [[Brazil]].
** [[Gustav Mahler]] premieres his [[Symphony No. 1 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 1]], in [[Budapest]].
* [[November 23]] – The first [[jukebox]] goes into operation, at the Palais Royale Saloon in [[San Francisco]].
* [[November 27]] – [[Clemson University]] is founded in [[Clemson, South Carolina]].
* [[December 14]] – In US [[college football]], [[Wofford Terriers football|Wofford]] and [[Furman Paladins football|Furman]] play the [[List of the first college football games in each U.S. state|first intercollegiate football game in the state of South Carolina]], starting the [[Furman–Wofford football rivalry]].
* [[December 23]] – The Spanish Association football team [[Recreativo de Huelva]] is formed (the oldest club in Spain by the 21st century).
* [[December 28]] – The first [[interurban]] [[tram-train]] to emerge in the United States is the Newark and Granville Street Railway in Ohio.<ref>{{cite book|page=9|title=The Electric Interurban Railways in America|first1=George W.|last1=Hilton|first2=John F.|last2=Due|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2000}}</ref>
* [[December 30]] –  [[Abdul Hamid II]], Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, introduces the [[Kanunname of 1889]] against the slave trade.<ref>Erdem, Y. (1996). ''Slavery in the Ottoman Empire and Its Demise 1800–1909.'' Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 144</ref>

=== Undated ===
[[File:Panama-Canal-rough-diagram-quick.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Panama Canal|Panama]], [[yellow fever]]]]
* [[Yellow fever]] interrupts the building of the [[Panama Canal]].
* A huge locust [[swarm]] crosses the [[Red Sea]] and destroys crops in the [[Nile Valley]].
* An early method of [[high-voltage direct current]] (HVDC) transmission, as developed by the Swiss engineer [[René Thury]],<ref>Donald Beaty et al., "Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers 11th Ed.", McGraw Hill, 1978</ref> is implemented commercially in Italy by the ''Acquedotto de Ferrari-Galliera'' Company. This system transmits 630&nbsp;kW at 14 kV DC over a distance of {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myinsulators.com/acw/bookref/histsyscable/|title=ACW's Insulator Info – Book Reference Info – History of Electrical Systems and Cables|website=myinsulators.com}}</ref>
[[File:Capilano Suspension Bridge 2.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Capilano Suspension Bridge|Capilano Bridge]]]]
* The [[Capilano Suspension Bridge]] (the longest suspension foot-bridge in the world) is opened in British Columbia.
* [[Arthur Wharton]] signs for [[Rotherham Town F.C. (1878)|Rotherham Town F.C.]] in England for the 1889/90 season, becoming probably the world's first [[Black people|black]] professional [[Football (soccer)|Association football]] player.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.100greatblackbritons.com/bios/arthur_wharton-andrew_watson.html|title=Arthur Wharton|work=100 Great Black Britons|access-date=16 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Phil|last=Vasili|title=The First Black Footballer, Arthur Wharton, 1865-1930|location=London|publisher=Frank Cass|date=1998|isbn=0-7146-4903-1}}</ref>
* The ''[[Wisden Cricketers' Almanack]]'' publishes its first ''[[Wisden Cricketers of the Year]]'' (actually titled ''Six Great Bowlers of the Year''). The cricketers chosen are [[George Lohmann]], [[Bobby Peel]], [[Johnny Briggs (cricketer)|Johnny Briggs]], [[Charles Turner (Australian cricketer)|Charles Turner]], [[John Ferris (cricketer)|John Ferris]] and [[Sammy Woods]].

== Births ==

=== January ===
* [[January 2]] – [[Walter Baldwin]], American actor (d. [[1977]])
* [[January 12]] – [[Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad]], 2nd [[Caliph]] of [[Ahmadiyya Muslim Community]] in [[Islam]] (d. [[1965]])
* [[January 21]] – [[Edith Tolkien]], English wife of, and inspiration for, [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] (d. [[1971]])

=== February ===
[[File:Ernest Tyldesley c1925.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ernest Tyldesley]]]]
* [[February 2]] – [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]], French general, posthumous [[Marshal of France]] (d. [[1952]])
* [[February 3]] – [[Risto Ryti]], [[Prime Minister of Finland|Prime Minister]] and [[President of Finland]] (d. [[1956]])
* [[February 5]] – [[Ernest Tyldesley]], English cricketer (d. [[1962]])
* [[February 7]] – [[Harry Nyquist]], Swedish-American contributor to [[information theory]] (d. [[1976]])
* [[February 16]] – [[Hawthorne C. Gray]], American balloonist (d. [[1927]])
* [[February 19]] – [[Ernest Marsden]], British physicist (d. [[1970]])
* [[February 21]] – [[Pieter Voltelyn Graham van der Byl]], South African politician (d. [[1975]])
* [[February 22]]
** [[Olave Baden-Powell]], English founder of the Girl Guides (d. [[1977]])
** [[R. G. Collingwood]], English philosopher and historian (d. [[1943]])
* [[February 23]] – [[Victor Fleming]], American motion picture director (d. [[1949]])
* [[February 25]] – [[Homer S. Ferguson]], American politician (d. [[1982]])

=== March ===
[[File:Oren E. Long (PP-75-4-020).jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Oren E. Long]]]]
* [[March 1]]
** [[Kanoko Okamoto]], Japanese novelist, poet and Buddhist scholar (d. [[1939]])
** [[Watsuji Tetsuro]], Japanese philosopher (d. [[1960]])
* [[March 4]]
** [[Oren E. Long]], American politician, 10th [[Governor of Hawai'i]] (d. [[1965]])
** [[Pearl White]], American silent film actress (d. [[1938]])
* [[March 15]] – [[Hiroaki Abe]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1949]])
* [[March 16]] – [[Reggie Walker (sprinter)|Reggie Walker]], South African sprinter (d. [[1951]])
* [[March 21]] – [[Aleksandr Vertinsky]], Russian singer, actor (d. [[1957]])
* [[March 24]] – [[Albert Hill (athlete)|Albert Hill]], British distance runner (d. [[1969]])
* [[March 29]] – [[Warner Baxter]], American actor (d. [[1951]])
* [[March 30]] – [[Herman Bing]], German-American character, voice actor (d. [[1947]])

=== April ===
[[File:Charlie Chaplin portrait.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Charlie Chaplin]]]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-H1216-0500-002, Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Adolf Hitler]]]]
[[File:Manuel Prado Ugarteche 1961.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Manuel Prado Ugarteche]]]]
* [[April 4]]
** [[Hans-Jürgen von Arnim]], German general (d. [[1962]])
** [[Angelo Iachino]], Italian admiral (d. [[1976]])
* [[April 7]] – [[Gabriela Mistral]], Chilean writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1957]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Marjorie Agosin|author2=Marjorie Agosín|title=Gabriela Mistral: The Audacious Traveler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0sd6AAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-89680-230-8|page=270}}</ref>
* [[April 8]] – [[Adrian Boult]], English conductor (d. [[1983]])
* [[April 11]] – [[Nick LaRocca]], American jazz cornetist (d. [[1961]])
* [[April 14]] – [[Arnold J. Toynbee]], English historian (d. [[1975]])
* [[April 15]]
** [[Thomas Hart Benton (painter)|Thomas Hart Benton]], American painter (d. [[1975]])
** [[A. Philip Randolph]], African-American civil rights activist (d. [[1979]])
* [[April 16]] – [[Charlie Chaplin]], English comic actor, film director (d. [[1977]])
* [[April 20]]
**[[Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland]], Swedish and Norwegian prince (d. [[1918]])
**[[Adolf Hitler]], Austrian-born dictator of Nazi Germany (suicide [[1945]])
* [[April 21]]
** [[Paul Karrer]], Swiss chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1971]])
** [[Manuel Prado Ugarteche]], [[President of Peru]] (d. [[1967]])
* [[April 23]] – [[Karel Doorman]], Dutch admiral (killed in action [[1942]])
* [[April 26]] – [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], Austrian-born philosopher (d. [[1951]])
* [[April 28]]
** [[Takeo Kurita]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1977]])
** [[António de Oliveira Salazar]], Portuguese dictator (d. [[1970]])
* [[April 30]] – [[Fritz Pfeffer]], German-Dutch housemate of [[Anne Frank]] (d. [[1944]])

=== May ===
[[File:Ouyang Yuqian1.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ouyang Yuqian]]]]
[[File:Sikorsky, Igor.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Igor Sikorsky]]]]
* [[May 3]]
** [[Beulah Bondi]], American actress (d. [[1981]])
** [[Gottfried Fuchs]], German-Canadian Olympic soccer player (d. [[1972]])
* [[May 12]]
** [[Otto Frank]], German publisher, businessman, father of [[Anne Frank]] (d. [[1980]])
** [[Abelardo L. Rodríguez]], Mexican professional baseball player, general and substitute [[President of Mexico]], 1932–1934 (d. [[1967]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buscabiografias.com/biografia/verDetalle/10005/Abelardo_L._Rodriguez|title=Abelardo L. Rodríguez|language=es|access-date=May 31, 2019}}</ref>
** [[Ouyang Yuqian]], Chinese playwright, director and Peking opera performer (d. [[1962]])
* [[May 18]] – [[Thomas Midgley Jr.]], American chemist, inventor (d. [[1944]])
* [[May 23]] – [[Carlo Braga]], Filipino [[Roman Catholic]] priest, archbishop and servant of God (d. [[1971]])
* [[May 25]]
** [[Günther Lütjens]], German admiral (d. [[1941]])
** [[Igor Sikorsky]], Russian developer of the helicopter (d. [[1972]])

=== June ===
[[File:Beno Gutenberg.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Beno Gutenberg]]]]
* [[June 2]] – [[Martha Wentworth]], American actress (d. [[1974]])
* [[June 4]] –  [[Beno Gutenberg]], German-American seismologist (d. [[1960]])
* [[June 10]] – [[Sessue Hayakawa]], Japanese actor, film director (d. [[1973]])
* [[June 13]]
** [[Amadeo Bordiga]], Italian Marxist theorist, politician (d. [[1970]])
** [[Gao Qifeng]], Chinese painter (d. [[1933]])<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference]]|work=rmzxb.com.cn|title=高奇峰《松猿图》：画海横舟 劈波至勇|trans-title=Gao Qifeng's "Pine and Monkey": Painting a Boat Crossing the Sea and Bravely Cutting through the Waves|language=zh|url=https://www.rmzxb.com.cn/c/2017-07-31/1690816.shtml|last=Zhu|first=Wanzhang|author1-mask=Zhu Wanzhang (朱万章)|date=July 31, 2017|access-date=September 17, 2024|archive-date=March 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316190429/https://www.rmzxb.com.cn/c/2017-07-31/1690816.shtml}}</ref>
** [[Adolphe Pégoud]], French acrobatic pilot, World War I fighter ace (killed in action [[1915]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Ralph Craig]], American sprinter (d. [[1972]])
* [[June 23]] – [[Anna Akhmatova]], Russian poet (d. [[1966]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Анна Андреевна Ахматова|title=Полное Собрание Стихотворений|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uw5gAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Zephyr Press|isbn=978-0-939010-13-4|page=53}}</ref>
* [[June 25]] – [[John Morton-Finney]], American civil rights activist, lawyer and educator (d. [[1998]])
* [[June 27]] – [[Moroni Olsen]], American actor (d. [[1954]])

=== July ===
[[File:Jean Cocteau b Meurisse 1923.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Jean Cocteau]]]]
[[File:Ante Pavelić StAF W 134 Nr. 026020 Bild 1 (5-92156-1).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ante Pavelić]]]]
* [[July 5]] – [[Jean Cocteau]], French writer (d. [[1963]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Gale Cengage|title=Modern French Poets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XsoUAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Gale Group|isbn=978-0-7876-5252-4|page=154}}</ref>
* [[July 6]] – [[Takeo Itō]], Japanese general (d. [[1965]])
* [[July 7]] – [[Shiro Kawase]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1946]])
* [[July 8]] – [[Eugene Pallette]], American actor (d. [[1954]])
* [[July 14]] – [[Ante Pavelić]], Croatian [[Fascism|fascist]] dictator (d. [[1959]])
* [[July 15]] – [[Marjorie Rambeau]], American actress (d. [[1970]])
* [[July 17]] – [[Erle Stanley Gardner]], American author (d. [[1970]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Arthur Garraty|author2=Mark Christopher Carnes|title=American National Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MvEpAQAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-512787-4|page=703}}</ref>
* [[July 18]] – [[Kōichi Kido]], Japanese politician (d. [[1977]])
* [[July 22]] – [[Tony Jannus]], American aviator, aircraft designer (d. [[1916]])
* [[July 24]] – [[Murray Kinnell]], English actor (d. [[1954]])

=== August ===
* [[August 5]] – [[Conrad Aiken]], American writer (d. [[1973]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Conrad Aiken|author2=Malcolm Lowry|title=The Letters of Conrad Aiken and Malcolm Lowry, 1929-1954|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l9QfAQAAIAAJ|year=1992|publisher=ECW Press|isbn=978-1-55022-168-8|page=xi}}</ref>
* [[August 6]] – [[George Kenney]], World War II United States Army Air Forces general (d. [[1977]])
* [[August 10]] – [[Norman Scott (Medal of Honor)|Norman Scott]], American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (killed in action [[1942]])
* [[August 11]] – [[Ronald Fairbairn]], Scottish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (d. [[1964]])
* [[August 15]] – [[Marthe Richard]], French prostitute, spy and politician (d. [[1982]])
* [[August 21]] – [[Sir Richard O'Connor]], British general (d. [[1981]])
* [[August 25]] – [[Ioan Dumitrache]], Romanian general (d. [[1977]])
* [[August 29]] – [[Alfredo Obviar]], Filipino [[Roman Catholic]] bishop and Servant of God (d. [[1978]])

=== September ===
* [[September 7]] – [[Albert Plesman]], Dutch aviation pioneer (d. [[1953]])
* [[September 8]] – [[Robert A. Taft]], U.S. Senator from Ohio (d. [[1953]])
* [[September 12]] – [[Ugo Pasquale Mifsud]], 3rd Prime Minister of Malta (d. [[1942]])
* [[September 13]] – [[Masao Maruyama (Japanese Army officer)|Masao Maruyama]], Japanese general (d. [[1957]])
* [[September 14]] – [[María Capovilla]], Ecuadorian [[supercentenarian]], the last surviving person verified as born in 1889 (d. [[2006]])
* [[September 20]] – [[Charles Reidpath]], American sprinter (d. [[1975]])
* [[September 22]] - [[Alice Golsen]], German quantum physicist (d. [[1940]])
* [[September 26]] – [[Martin Heidegger]], German philosopher (d. [[1976]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Joy A. Palmer|author2=David E. Cooper|author3=David Cooper|title=Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7ml-rrcTboC&pg=PA189|date=September 11, 2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-75624-7|pages=189}}</ref>

=== October ===
[[File:Carl von Ossietzky.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Carl von Ossietzky]]]]
* [[October 2]] – [[Margaret Chung]], Chinese-American physician (d. [[1959]])
* [[October 3]] – [[Carl von Ossietzky]], German pacifist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1938]])
* [[October 8]] – [[Collett E. Woolman]], American airline executive (d. [[1966]])
* [[October 10]]
** [[Kermit Roosevelt]], American explorer, author (d. [[1943]])
** [[Han van Meegeren]], Dutch painter, art forger (d. [[1947]])
* [[October 12]] – [[Troy H. Middleton]], American general and educator (d. [[1976]])
* [[October 13]]
** [[Douglass Dumbrille]], Canadian-born actor (d. [[1974]])
** [[Cedric Holland]], British admiral (d. [[1950]])
* [[October 20]] – [[Suzanne Duchamp]], French painter (d. [[1963]])

=== November ===
[[File:Claude Rains in Now Voyager trailer.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Claude Rains]]]]
[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru, 1947.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]]]
* [[November 1]] – [[Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker]], Canadian-born peace activist, recipient of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] (d. [[1982]])
* [[November 10]] – [[Claude Rains]], English-born American actor (d. [[1967]])
* [[November 12]] – [[DeWitt Wallace]], American magazine publisher (''[[Reader's Digest]]'') (d. [[1981]])
* [[November 14]]
** [[Taha Hussein]], Egyptian writer and intellectual (d. [[1973]])<ref>{{cite book|title=World Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gYQ-AQAAIAAJ|year=1954|publisher=Institute for Research in Biography|page=568}}</ref>
** [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[1st Prime Minister of India]] (d. [[1964]])
* [[November 15]] – King [[Manuel II of Portugal]] (d. [[1932]])
* [[November 16]] – [[George S. Kaufman]], American playwright (d. [[1961]])
* [[November 18]] – [[Zoltán Tildy]], [[President of Hungary]] (d. [[1961]])
* [[November 19]] – [[Clifton Webb]], American actor, dancer and singer (d. [[1966]])
* [[November 20]] – [[Edwin Hubble]], American astronomer (d. [[1953]])
* [[November 23]] – [[Alexander Patch]], American general (d. [[1945]])
* [[November 25]] – [[George McMillin]], American admiral, last [[Naval Governor of Guam]] (d. [[1983]])
* [[November 30]]
** [[Edgar Adrian]], English physiologist, [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1977]])
** [[Shōji Nishimura]], Japanese admiral (killed in action [[1944]])

=== December ===
[[File:Robert S Maestri signed photo.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Robert Maestri]]]]
* [[December 1]] – [[Vasily Blyukher]], Soviet general, [[Marshal of the Soviet Union]] (k. [[1938]])
* [[December 2]] – [[Oei Hui-lan]] (Madame Wellington Koo), Chinese-Indonesian socialite and First Lady of the Republic of China (d. [[1992]])
* [[December 3]] – [[Walton Walker]], American general (d. [[1950]])
* [[December 4]] – [[Isabel Randolph]], American actress (d. [[1973]])
* [[December 9]]
** [[Shigeyoshi Inoue]], Japanese admiral (d. [[1975]])
** [[Hannes Kolehmainen]], Finnish Olympic distance runner (d. [[1966]])
* [[December 11]] – [[Robert Maestri]], 53rd [[Mayor of New Orleans]] (d. [[1974]])
* [[December 23]] – [[Daniel E. Barbey]], American admiral (d. [[1969]])
* [[December 30]] – [[Adolfo Ruiz Cortines]], 47th President of Mexico (d. 1973)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/r/ruiz_cortines.htm|publisher=Biografias y Vidas|title=Adolfo Ruiz Cortines|language=es|access-date=May 29, 2019}}</ref>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Nezihe Muhiddin]], Turkish women's rights activist, suffragette, journalist, writer and political leader (d. [[1958]])

== Deaths ==

=== January–June ===
[[File:Belle Starr full.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Belle Starr]]]]
[[File:Young Youssef Bey Karam.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Youssef Bey Karam]]]]
[[File:Father Damien, photograph by William Brigham.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Father Damien]]]]
* [[January 13]] – [[Solomon Bundy]], American politician (b. [[1823]])
* [[January 22]] – [[Carlo Pellegrini (caricaturist)|Carlo Pellegrini]], Italian-born caricaturist (b. 1839)
* [[January 30]] – [[Mayerling incident]] (suicide)
** [[Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria]] (b. [[1858]])
** [[Baroness Mary Vetsera]] (b. [[1871]])
* [[February 3]] – [[Belle Starr]], American outlaw (murdered) (b. [[1848]])
* [[February 13]] – [[João Maurício Vanderlei, Baron of Cotegipe]], Brazilian magistrate and politician (b. [[1815]])
* [[March 5]] – [[Mary Louise Booth]], American editor-in-chief of ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]''  (b. [[1831]])
* [[March 8]] – [[John Ericsson]], Swedish inventor, engineer (b. [[1803]])
* [[March 9]] – Emperor [[Yohannes IV of Ethiopia]] (b. [[1837]])
* [[March 13]] – [[Felice Varesi]], French-born Italian baritone (b. [[1813]])
* [[March 22]] – [[Stanley Matthews (judge)|Stanley Matthews]], American judge and politician (b. [[1824]])
* [[March 24]] – [[Leatherman (vagabond)|The Leatherman]], possibly French-Canadian vagabond in the U.S. (b. c. [[1839]])
* [[March 28]] – [[Ram Singh Bundi|Ram Singh]], Raja of Bundi. (b. 1811)
* [[April 6]] – [[Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel]] (b. [[1797]])
* [[April 7]] – [[Youssef Bey Karam]], [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] nationalist leader (b. [[1823]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ehdenfamilytree.org/getperson.php?personID=I1&tree=ehden|title=Youssef Bey Karam on Ehden Family Tree website|access-date=April 10, 2019|archive-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329220258/https://www.ehdenfamilytree.org/getperson.php?personID=I1&tree=ehden|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
* [[April 9]] – [[Michel Eugène Chevreul]], French chemist (b. [[1786]])
* [[April 12]] – [[Robert Dunsmuir]], Scottish-born Canadian industrialist and politician (b. [[1825]])
* [[April 15]] – [[Father Damien]], Belgian [[Roman Catholic]] priest, missionary to [[Native Hawaiians|Hawaiians]] with [[leprosy]], and saint (b. [[1840]])
* [[April 21]] – [[Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada]], Mexican jurist, 27th [[President of Mexico]] (b. [[1823]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://historia-biografia.com/sebastian-lerdo-de-tejada/|publisher=Historia-Biografia.com|title=Biografía de Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada|date=October 29, 2018|language=es|access-date=May 30, 2019}}</ref>
* [[April 25]] – [[Mary Dominis]], American settler of Hawaii (b. [[1803]])
* [[May 9]] – [[William S. Harney]], U.S. Army general (b. [[1800]])
* [[May 10]] – [[Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin]], Russian satirist (b. [[1826]])
* [[May 14]] – [[Volney E. Howard]], American politician (b. [[1809]])
* [[May 28]] – [[Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren]], American translator and anti-suffragist (b. [[1825]])
* [[June 8]] – [[Gerard Manley Hopkins]], English poet (b. [[1844]])<ref>{{cite book|author=John Gilroy|title=Gerard Manley Hopkins: Selected Poems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6-Gtnk7Ho6AC&pg=PA19|year=2007|publisher=Humanities-Ebooks|pages=19}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] – [[Abraham Hochmuth]], Hungarian rabbi (b. [[1816]])
* [[June 15]] – [[Mihai Eminescu]], Romanian poet (b. [[1850]])
* [[June 25]] – [[Lucy Webb Hayes]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (b. [[1831]])

=== July–December ===
[[File:Joule James sitting.jpg|110px|thumb|[[James Prescott Joule]]]]
[[File:Karl August Engelbrekt Ahlqvist.jpg|110px|thumb|[[August Ahlqvist]]]]
* [[July 4]] – [[Susan Catherine Koerner Wright]], mother of the [[Wright Brothers]] (b. [[1831]])
* [[July 7]] – [[Giovanni Bottesini]], Italian conductor, composer and virtuoso [[double bass]] player (b. [[1821]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Burnett R. Toskey|title=Concertos for Violin and Viola: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZwJAQAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=B.R. Toskey|isbn=978-0-9601054-8-9|page=117}}</ref>
* [[July 10]] – [[Julia Gardiner Tyler]], [[First Lady of the United States]] (b. [[1820]])
* [[August 2]] – [[Eduardo Gutiérrez]], Argentinian author (b. [[1851]])
* [[August 19]] – [[Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam]], French writer (b. [[1838]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Authors : Villiers de L'Isle-Adam: SFE: Science Fiction Encyclopedia|url=http://www.sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/villiers_de_lisle-adam|website=sf-encyclopedia.com|access-date=March 27, 2019}}</ref>
* [[September 23]] – [[Wilkie Collins]], English novelist (b. [[1824]])<ref>{{cite book|author=William Baker|title=Wilkie Collins's Library: A Reconstruction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPD_tVuoQM0C&pg=PA69|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-31394-3|pages=69}}</ref>
* [[September 24]] – [[Charles Leroux]], American balloonist, parachutist (b. [[1856]])
* [[September 29]] – [[Louis Faidherbe]], French general and colonial administrator (b. [[1818]])
* [[October 10]] – [[Adolf von Henselt]], German pianist and composer (b. [[1814]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=David Mason Greene|author2=Constance Green|title=Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3S7PIxe0mwC&pg=PA626|year=1985|publisher=Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd.|isbn=978-0-385-14278-6|pages=626}}</ref>
* [[October 11]] – [[James Prescott Joule]], English physicist (b. [[1818]])
* [[October 17]]
** [[Rodrigo Augusto da Silva]], Brazilian Senator, author of the [[Golden Law]] (b. [[1833]])
** [[John F. Hartranft]], Union Army officer, Medal of Honour recipient (b. [[1830]])
* [[October 19]] – King [[Luís I of Portugal]] (b. [[1838]])
* [[October 25]] – [[Émile Augier]], French dramatist (b. [[1820]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKNK1YwHcQ4C&pg=PA85|year=1995|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=978-0-87779-042-6|page=85}}</ref>
* [[November 16]] – [[Sergei Bobokhov]], Russian revolutionary, commits suicide as a protest against the flogging of a woman comrade in Siberia (b. [[1858]])
* [[November 18]] – [[William Allingham]], Irish author (b. [[1824]])<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Allingham, William|volume=1|page=696}}</ref>
* [[November 20]] – [[August Ahlqvist]], Finnish professor, poet, scholar of the [[Finno-Ugric languages]], author and literary critic (b. [[1826]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kansallisbiografia.fi/kansallisbiografia/henkilo/3105|title=Ahlqvist, August (1826-1889)|publisher=kansallisbiografia|author=H. K. Riikonen|access-date=July 6, 2021|language=fi}}</ref>
* [[November 24]] – [[George H. Pendleton]], American politician (b. [[1825]])
* [[December 6]] – [[Jefferson Davis]], [[President of the Confederate States of America]] (b. [[1808]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Donald E. Collins|title=The Death and Resurrection of Jefferson Davis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am2nZlAV6KMC&pg=PA82|year=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-7425-4304-1|pages=82}}</ref>
* [[December 12]] – [[Robert Browning]], English poet (b. [[1812]])<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Cox, Michael|title=The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-19-860634-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxfordchr00coxm}}</ref>
* [[December 28]] – [[Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies]], [[List of Brazilian consorts|Empress consort of Brazil]] (b. [[1822]])
* [[December 29]]
** [[Glele]], King of [[Dahomey]] (suicide)
** [[Priscilla Cooper Tyler]], ''de facto'' [[First Lady of the United States]] (b. [[1816]])
* [[December 30]] –  [[Henry Yule|Sir Henry Yule]], Scottish orientalist (b. [[1820]])
* [[December 31]] – [[Ion Creangă]], Romanian writer (b. [[1837]] or [[1839]])

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading and year books==
* ''1889 Annual Cyclopedia'' [https://archive.org/details/appletonsannual44unkngoog  online], Highly detailed global coverage

{{DEFAULTSORT:1889}}
[[Category:1889| ]]