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1904 in science
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> {{Year nav topic5|1904|science}} {{Science year nav|1904}} The year '''1904 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below. ==Astronomy== * [[Johannes Franz Hartmann]] discovers the [[interstellar medium]].<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Isaac Asimov|first=Isaac|last=Asimov|title=[[Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology]]|edition=2nd}}</ref> * [[Edward Walter Maunder]] plots the first [[sunspot]] "[[butterfly diagram]]". * Notable asteroid [[522 Helga]] is discovered by [[Max Wolf]] in [[Heidelberg]]. * December 3 – The sixth moon of [[Jupiter]], later called [[Himalia (moon)|Himalia]], is discovered at [[Lick Observatory]]. ==Cartography== * [[Van der Grinten projection]] proposed. ==Mathematics== * [[Henri Poincaré]] discovers the [[Poincaré homology sphere]], leading him to formulate the [[Poincaré conjecture]]. * [[Helge von Koch]] describes the "[[Koch snowflake]]", one of the earliest [[fractal]] [[curve]]s described.<ref>"Sur une courbe continue sans tangente, obtenue par une construction géométrique élémentaire".</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Addison|first=Paul S.|title=Fractals and Chaos: An Illustrated Course|publisher=Institute of Physics|location=Bristol|year=1997|isbn=0-7503-0400-6|page=19}}</ref> * [[Charles Spearman]] develops his [[Spearman's rank correlation coefficient|rank correlation coefficient]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|page=145}}</ref> * [[Ernst Zermelo]] formulates the [[axiom of choice]] to formalize his proof of the [[well-ordering theorem]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Ernst|last=Zermelo|year=1904|url=http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/en/dms/load/img/?IDDOC=28526|format=reprint|title=Beweis, dass jede Menge wohlgeordnet werden kann|journal=[[Mathematische Annalen]]|volume=59|issue=4|pages=514–16|doi=10.1007/BF01445300|s2cid=124189935}}</ref> ==Medicine== * September 17 – An early study on the relationship between [[alcohol and cardiovascular disease]] is published in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cabot|first=Richard C.|authorlink=Richard Clarke Cabot|title=The relation of alcohol to arterioscleroisis|journal=[[Journal of the American Medical Association]]|year=1904|volume=43|issue=12|pages=774–775|doi=10.1001/jama.1904.92500120002a|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1447273|accessdate=2019-10-04}}</ref> * [[Epinephrine]] first artificially synthesized by [[Friedrich Stolz]]. * [[Antoni Leśniowski]] presents to a meeting of the Warsaw Medical Society a surgical specimen of an inflammatory tumour of the [[terminal ileum]] with a fistula to the ascending colon, consistent with what will later become known as [[Crohn's disease]].<ref>Reported by him in ''Pamiętnik Towarzystwa Lekarskiego Warszawskiego''. {{cite journal|first=W. |last=Bartnik |date=December 2003 |title=Inflammatory bowel disease – Polish contribution |journal=Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology |volume=54 |issue=S3 |pages=205–210 |publisher=Polish Physiological Society |location=Kraków |pmid=15075474 |url=http://www.jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/1203_s3/articles/14_article.html |accessdate=2008-03-28 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Physics== * [[Vacuum tube]] invented by [[John Ambrose Fleming]]. * [[James Hopwood Jeans|James H. Jeans]]'s ''[https://archive.org/details/dynamicaltheoryo00jeanrich The Dynamical Theory of Gases]'' is published in [[Cambridge]]. * [[J. J. Thomson]] proposes the [[plum pudding model]] for the [[atom]]. * [[Hantaro Nagaoka]] develops the Saturnian model for the atom. ==Technology== * July 4 – [[Piero Ginori Conti]] demonstrates the use of [[geothermal power]] to generate electricity, at [[Larderello]] in Italy. * July 23 – A [[continuous track]] [[tractor]] is [[patent]]ed by [[David Roberts (engineer)|David Roberts]] of [[Richard Hornsby & Sons]] of [[Grantham]] in England.<ref>British Patent No. 16,345. {{cite book|first=Peter|last=Robinson|title=Lincoln's Excavators: The Ruston years 1875–1930|year=2003|location=Nynehead|publisher=Roundoak|isbn=1-871565-42-1}}</ref> * November 16 – [[John Ambrose Fleming]] patents the first [[thermionic]] [[vacuum tube]], the two-electrode [[diode]] ("oscillation valve" or [[Fleming valve]]).<ref>{{cite book|title=The Hutchinson Factfinder|publisher=Helicon|year=1999|isbn=978-1-85986-343-5}}</ref> * November 24 – A continuous track tractor is demonstrated by the [[Holt Manufacturing Company]] in the United States. * The first [[diesel engine]]d [[submarine]], the ''Z'', is built in France. * The [[Heckelphone]] variety of [[oboe]] is invented by [[Wilhelm Heckel]] and his sons. * The [[sleeve valve]] is invented by Charles Yale Knight. * The [[turbine]]-powered [[Bliss-Leavitt torpedo]], designed by [[Frank McDowell Leavitt]] and manufactured by the [[E. W. Bliss Company]] of [[Brooklyn]], is put into service by the United States Navy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Newpower|first=Anthony|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eFZb_BqP10UC&q=%22Frank+McDowell+Leavitt%22&pg=RA1-PA18|title=Iron Men And Tin Fish: The Race to Build a Better Torpedo During World War II|location=Westport, Conn.|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2006|page=18|isbn=0-275-99032-X}}</ref> * [[Lucien Bull]] produces the first successful [[chronophotography]] (of insect flight), working in France.<ref>Reported by him in "Motional mechanism of the insect wing", ''[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences]]'' '''138''':590–592 (29 February); "Application of the electric spark to the chrono-photography of rapid motions", ''Comptes rendus'' '''138''':155–157 (21 March); "Chronophotography of rapid motions", ''Bulletin de la Société Philomathiclue'' (Paris) (June 11); Synthesis in chronophotography, ''Bulletin de la Société Philomathiclue'' (November 12).</ref> * Rue Franklin Apartments, Paris, are completed by [[Auguste Perret]] and his brother Gustave, an early example of an exposed [[reinforced concrete]] frame building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Rue_Franklin_Apartments.html|title=Rue Franklin Apartments|work=GreatBuildings|accessdate=2012-05-29}}</ref> ==Zoology== * First identification and last confirmed sighting of the [[Choiseul pigeon]] in the [[Solomon Islands]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Rothschild|first=Walter|authorlink=Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild|title=''Microgoura'', n. gen.|journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club|volume=14|issue=CVII|date=1904-05-20|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114181#page/565/mode/1up|pages=77–78|accessdate=2015-09-29}}</ref> ==Awards== * [[Nobel Prize]]s ** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh]] ** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – Sir [[William Ramsay]] ** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Ivan Pavlov]] ==Births== * January 21 – [[Edris Rice-Wray Carson]] (died [[1990 in science|1990]]), American-born [[physician]], pioneer in [[family planning]]. * January 26 – [[Ancel Keys]] (died [[2004 in science|2004]]), American [[nutritionist]]. * March 13 – [[René Dumont]] (died [[2001 in science|2001]]), French [[agronomist]]. * March 20 – [[B. F. Skinner]] (died [[1990 in science|1990]]), American behavioral [[psychologist]]. * April 11 – [[Arthur Mourant]] (died [[1994 in science|1994]]), [[Jersey|Jersiais]] [[hematologist]]. * April 22 – [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] (died [[1967 in science|1967]]), American [[physicist]]. * June 3 – [[Charles R. Drew]] (died [[1950 in science|1950]]), African American physician, pioneer in [[blood transfusion]]. * July 5 – [[Ernst Mayr]] (died [[2005 in science|2005]]), German-born [[evolutionary biologist]]. * August 5 – [[Kenneth V. Thimann]] (died [[1997 in science|1997]]), English-American [[plant physiologist]] and [[microbiologist]] known for his studies of [[plant hormones]]. * August 17 – [[Cornelis Simon Meijer]] (died [[1974 in science|1974]]), [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[mathematician]]. * August 28 – [[Secondo Campini]] (died [[1980 in science|1980]]), Italian [[Jet engine|jet]] pioneer. * August 29 – [[Werner Forssmann]] (died [[1979 in science|1979]]), German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. * November 11 – [[J. H. C. Whitehead]] (died [[1960 in science|1960]]), British [[mathematician]]. * [[Sven Sømme]] (died [[1961 in science|1961]]), [[Norwegians|Norwegian]] [[ichthyologist]] and resistance worker. ==Deaths== * March 7 – [[Ferdinand André Fouqué]] (born [[1828 in science|1828]]), French [[geologist]], [[petrologist]] and [[volcanologist]]. * May 10 – [[Henry Morton Stanley]] (born [[1841 in science|1841]]), [[Wales|Welsh]]-born [[List of explorers|explorer]] and [[journalist]]. * July 3 – [[John Bell Hatcher]] (born [[1861 in science|1861]]), American [[paleontologist]]. * September 24 – [[Niels Ryberg Finsen]] (born [[1860 in science|1860]]), [[Iceland]]ic/[[Faroe Islands|Faroese]]/Danish [[physician]] and scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]. * October 7 – [[Isabella Bird]] (born [[1831 in science|1831]]), British [[explorer]], writer, photographer and [[naturalist]]. * October 21 – [[Isabelle Eberhardt]] (born [[1877 in science|1877]]), [[Swiss people|Swiss]]–[[Algeria]]n explorer. ==References== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1904 In Science}} [[Category:1904 in science| ]] [[Category:20th century in science]] [[Category:1900s in science]]
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