Editing 1909 in literature

{{Short description|List of events of 1909 in literature}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic5|1909|literature|poetry}}

This article contains information about the literary events and publications of '''1909'''.
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==Events==
*January – [[T. E. Hulme]]'s poems "Autumn" and "A City Sunset" are included in the [[Poets' Club]] anthology ''For Christmas MDCCCCVIII'', as the first examples of [[Imagism]].
*[[January 15]] – [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti]]'s drama ''La donna è mobile'' opens at the [[:it:Teatro Alfieri|Teatro Alfieri]], [[Turin]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Marianne W Martin|title=Futurist Art and Theory, 1909-1915|publisher=Hacker Art Books|year=1978|ISBN=9780878171927|page=44}}</ref>
*[[February 1]] – The first issue appears of ''La [[Nouvelle Revue Française]]'', a [[literary magazine]] founded in Paris by [[André Gide]], Jacques Copeau, Jean Schlumberger, [[Gaston Gallimard]], and others.<ref>{{Citation |title=La Nouvelle Revue française (NRF) |year=2010 |work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=2010-07-21 |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/420933/La-Nouvelle-Revue-francaise}}</ref>
*[[February 20]] – Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's [[Futurist Manifesto]] first appears in the French newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]''.
*[[March 2]] – [[Katherine Mansfield]], while pregnant by another man, marries the singing teacher George Bowden, whom she barely knows. She leaves him the same evening to resume lesbian relations with Ida Baker.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Whi071Kota-t1-g1-t8.html |title=Katherine Mansfield, 1888–1923 |first=Joanna |last=Woods |publisher=[[Victoria University of Wellington]] |journal=New Zealand Notes and Queries |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=63–98 |year=2007 |accessdate=2015-12-03}}</ref>
*April
**The opening night of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's drama ''Le Roi bombance'' (The Feasting King, written 1905) is heckled by the audience and the writer himself. 
**The German periodical ''[[Die Tat]]'' is founded by Ernst Horneffer.<ref>Ernst Horneffer: Unsere Ziele, in: ''Die Tat'', 1. Jg., Heft 1 (April/1909), p. 1 (German)</ref>
*[[April 24]] – The Metropolitan Library ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|京师图书馆}}, ''Jīngshī Túshūguǎn'') in [[Beijing]], predecessor of the [[National Library of China]], is founded by the [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] government.
*[[September 6]] – [[Israel Zangwill]]'s play ''[[The Melting Pot (play)|The Melting Pot]]'' opens in [[New York City]].
*[[September 23]] – [[Gaston Leroux]]'s novel ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (novel)|The Phantom of the Opera]] (Le Fantôme de l'Opéra)'' begins serialization in the Paris newspaper ''[[Le Gaulois]]''.
*[[September 29]] – [[Franz Kafka]]'s short story "[[The Aeroplanes at Brescia]] (Die Aeroplane in Brescia)", based on a real event, is published in the Prague newspaper ''[[Bohemia (newspaper)|Bohemia]]'', as the first description of airplanes in German literature.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Wagenbach, Klaus |author-link=:de:Klaus Wagenbach |title=Franz Kafka, in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten |page=73 |publisher=Rowohlt Verlag |location=Reinbek |year=1964 |isbn=3-499-50091-4}}</ref>
*November – A production by [[Kaoru Osanai]] of [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s ''[[John Gabriel Borkman]]'' at the Free Theater in Tokyo inaugurates [[shingeki]] drama in Japan.<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2014|chapter=Introduction|title=The Columbia Anthology of Modern Japanese Drama|first=M. Cody|last=Poulton|url=https://doi.org/10.7312/rime12830-002}}</ref>
*[[November 2]] – First English-language performance of a play by [[Anton Chekhov]] opens, ''[[The Seagull]]'', translated and directed by [[George Calderon]], by the Glasgow Repertory Theatre company at the [[Royalty Theatre, Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=A Čexov Anniversary|journal=The Slavic and East European Journal|date=Spring 1960|first=Robert|last=Tracy|volume=4|issue=1|pages=25–34|doi=10.2307/304054|jstor=304054}}</ref>
*''unknown date'' – ''Babelstornið'' (The Tower of Babel), by [[Rasmus Rasmussen (writer)|Rasmus Rasmussen]], writing as Regin í Líð, becomes the first [[Faroese language]] novel to be published.<ref>{{cite book|title=Faroese Short Stories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q23K5g73EjMC&pg=PA7|year=1972|publisher=Ardent Media|pages=7}}</ref>

==New books==
<!-- (''Title of published book translation''), ("Title of published poem/story translation"), (Literal translation of title) -->

===Fiction===
*[[Florence L. Barclay|Florence Barclay]] – ''[[The Rosary (novel)|The Rosary]]''<ref>{{cite book|first=Q. D.|last=Leavis|author-link=Q. D. Leavis|title=Fiction and the Reading Public|edition=rev.|location=London|publisher=Chatto & Windus|year=1965}}</ref>
*[[Maurice Barrès]] – ''[[Colette Baudoche]]''
*[[André Billy (writer)|André Billy]] – ''La Derive''
*[[Algernon Blackwood]]
**''The Education of Uncle Paul''
**''Jimbo: A Fantasy''
*[[René Boylesve]] – ''La Jeune Fille bien élevée'' (The Well-raised Girl)
*[[Hall Caine]] – ''The White Prophet''
*[[Gilbert Cannan]] – ''Peter Homunculus''
*[[Ion Luca Caragiale]] – ''[[Kir Ianulea]]''
*[[Robert W. Chambers]] – ''[[The Danger Mark]]''
*[[Herbert Croly]] – ''[[The Promise of American Life]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heritage.org/political-process/report/herbert-d-croly-apostle-progressivism|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212023453/http://www.heritage.org/political-process/report/herbert-d-croly-apostle-progressivism|url-status=unfit|archive-date=February 12, 2017|title=Herbert D. Croly: Apostle of Progressivism|last=Pearson|first=Sidney|website=The Heritage Foundation|language=en|access-date=February 25, 2020}}</ref>
*Em Kol Chai ([[Chava Shapiro]]) – ''Kovetz Tziurim'' (קבץ ציורים, A Collection of Sketches)
*[[Concha Espina]] – ''[[That Luzmela Girl (novel)|That Luzmela Girl]]''
*[[Charles Hoy Fort]] – ''The Outcast Manufacturers''
*[[Anatole France]] – ''Balthazar''
*[[Jacques Futrelle]] – ''[[Elusive Isabel]]''
*[[John Galsworthy]] – ''Fraternity''
*[[Charles Garvice]] – ''[[A Fair Impostor (novel)|A Fair Impostor]]''
*[[Robert Hichens (writer)|Robert Hichens]] – ''[[Bella Donna (novel)|Bella Donna]]''
*[[Olha Kobylianska]] – ''V Nediliu Rano Zillia Kopala'' (She Gathered Herbs on Sunday Morning)
*[[Maurice Leblanc]] – ''[[The Hollow Needle]]''
*[[Gaston Leroux]] – ''Le fauteuil hanté'' (The Haunted Chair)
*[[Jack London]] – ''[[Martin Eden]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last=Baskett |first=Sam S. |title=Martin Eden: Jack London's Poem of the Mind |journal=[[Modern Fiction Studies]] |date=Spring 1976 |volume=22 |number=1 |pages=23–36 |jstor=26280173?seq=1}}</ref>
*[[John Masefield]] – ''Multitude and Solitude''
*[[Silas Weir Mitchell (physician)|Silas Weir Mitchell]] – ''[[The Red City]]''
*[[Baroness Orczy]]
**''[[The Nest of the Sparrowhawk]]''
**''[[The Old Man in the Corner]]''
*[[Randall Parrish]] – ''My Lady of the South''
*[[Eden Phillpotts]] – ''[[The Haven (novel)|The Haven]]''<ref>Meadowcroft, Charles William. ''The Place of Eden Phillpotts in English Peasant Drama''. University of Pennsylvania, 1924. Page 7.</ref>
*[[Luigi Pirandello]] – ''I vecchi e i giovani'' (The Old and the Young, part 1)
*[[Władysław Reymont]] – ''[[Chłopi]]'' (The Peasants; publication completed)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1924/present.html|title=Critical Essay|author=[[Per Hallström]]|access-date=March 20, 2021}}</ref>
*[[Stein Riverton]] – ''Jernvognen'' (The Iron Carriage)
*[[Olivia Shakespear]] – ''Uncle Hilary''
*[[Gertrude Stein]] – ''[[Three Lives (book)|Three Lives]]''
*[[Gene Stratton-Porter]] – ''[[A Girl of the Limberlost (novel)|A Girl of the Limberlost]]''
*[[Hermann Sudermann]] – ''[[The Song of Songs (novel)|The Song of Songs]]''
*[[Mark Twain]] – ''[[Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven]]'' (book publication)
* [[Edgar Wallace]] 
** ''[[Captain Tatham of Tatham Island]]''
** ''[[The Duke in the Suburbs]]''
*[[Robert Walser (writer)|Robert Walser]] – ''[[Jakob von Gunten]]''
*[[Mary Augusta Ward]] – ''Daphne''
*[[H. G. Wells]]
**''[[Ann Veronica]]''
**''[[Tono-Bungay]]''
*[[Mabel Osgood Wright]] – ''Poppea of the Post Office''

===Children and young people===
*[[L. Frank Baum]]
**''[[The Road to Oz]]''
**''[[Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work]]'' (as Edith Van Dyne)
*[[Angela Brazil]] – ''The Nicest Girl in the School''
*[[Lucy Maud Montgomery]] – ''[[Anne of Avonlea]]''
*[[Beatrix Potter]]
**''[[The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies]]''
**''[[The Tale of Ginger and Pickles]]''
*[[P. G. Wodehouse]] – ''[[Mike (novel)|Mike]]''

===Drama===
<onlyinclude>[[File:Kokoschka Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen 1909.jpg|thumb|Poster by [[Oskar Kokoschka]] advertising the première of his play]]
*[[Paul Armont]] and [[Nicolas Nancey]] – ''Théodore et Cie''
*[[Sem Benelli]] – ''[[The Jester's Supper (play)|The Jester's Supper]] (La cena delle beffe)''
*[[Clyde Fitch]] – ''The City''
*[[John Galsworthy]] – ''[[Strife (play)|Strife]]''
*[[Harley Granville-Barker]] – ''The Madras House''
*[[Cicely Hamilton]] – ''A Pageant of Great Women''
*[[Agha Hashar Kashmiri]] – ''[[Khwab-e-Hasti]]'' (The Dream World of Existence) 
*[[Oskar Kokoschka]] – ''[[Murderer, the Hope of Women]] (Mörder, Hoffnung der Frauen)''
*[[Else Lasker-Schüler]] – ''Die Wupper'' (published)
*[[André de Lorde]] – ''L'horrible expérience''
*[[Ferenc Molnár]] – ''[[Liliom]]''
*[[Quintero brothers]] – ''El patinillo''
*[[George Bernard Shaw]] – ''[[The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet]]''</onlyinclude>

===Poetry===
{{Main|1909 in poetry}}
*[[Guillaume Apollinaire]] – ''L'Enchanteur pourrissant'' (The Putrifying Enchanter)
*[[François Mauriac]] – ''Les Mains jointes'' (Clasped Hands)
*[[John Millington Synge]] – ''Poems and Translations''

===Non-fiction===
*[[Henry James]] – ''[[Italian Hours]]''
*[[William James]] – ''A Pluralistic Universe''
*''[[Jane's All the World's Aircraft]]'' (first annual edition)
*[[I. M. E. Blandin]] - ''[[History of Higher Education of Women in the South, Prior to 1860]]''<ref>{{cite book |author1=American Academy of Political and Social Science |title=Race Improvement in the United States |date=1909 |publisher=American academy of political and social science |page=175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hIITAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA175 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Daniel Jones (phonetician)|Daniel Jones]] – ''The Pronunciation of English''
*[[C. I. Scofield]] (ed.) – [[Scofield Reference Bible]]
*[[Charlotte Fell Smith]] – ''John Dee, 1527–1608''
*[[Eraclie Sterian]] – ''În noaptea nunții'' (On Your Wedding Night)
*[[A. E. Waite]] – ''The Hidden Church of the Holy Graal''
*[[Alice Zimmern]] – ''Women's Suffrage in Many Lands''

==Births==
*[[January 20]] – [[Mae Virginia Cowdery]], African American poet (died [[1953 in literature|1953]])
*[[January 18]] – [[Oskar Davičo]], Serbian novelist and poet (died [[1989 in literature|1989]])
*[[January 29]] – [[Phoebe Hesketh]] (Phoebe Rayner), English poet (died [[2005 in literature|2005]])
*[[February 15]] – [[Miep Gies]] (Hermine Santruschitz), Austrian-born biographer (died [[2010 in literature|2010]])
*[[February 24]] – [[August Derleth]], American anthologist (died [[1971 in literature|1971]])
*[[March 6]] – [[Stanisław Jerzy Lec]], Polish aphorist and poet (died [[1966 in literature|1966]])
*[[March 17]] – [[Margiad Evans]], Anglo-Welsh poet, novelist and illustrator (died [[1958 in literature|1958]])
*[[March 22]] – [[Gabrielle Roy]], French Canadian author (died [[1983 in literature|1983]])
*[[March 28]] – [[Nelson Algren]], American novelist (died [[1981 in literature|1981]])
*[[March 31]] – [[Robert Brasillach]], French author (died [[1945 in literature|1945]])
*[[April 8]] – [[John Fante]], American novelist (died [[1983 in literature|1983]])
*[[May 1]] – [[Yiannis Ritsos]], Greek poet (died [[1990 in literature|1990]])
*[[May 5]] – [[Miklós Radnóti]], Hungarian poet (died [[1944 in literature|1944]])
*[[May 9]] – [[Robert Garioch]], Scottish poet (died [[1981 in literature|1981]])
*[[June 6]] – [[Isaiah Berlin]], German-born philosopher (died [[1997 in literature|1997]])
*[[June 19]] – [[Osamu Dazai]] (太宰 治), Japanese author (died [[1948 in literature|1948]])
*[[June 28]] – [[Eric Ambler]], English spy novelist (died [[1998 in literature|1998]])
*[[June 29]] – [[C. Hamilton Ellis]], English writer (died [[1987 in literature|1987]])
*[[July 1]] – [[Juan Carlos Onetti]], Uruguayan writer (died [[1994 in literature|1994]])
*[[July 8]] – [[Petar Šegedin (writer)|Petar Šegedin]], Croatian diplomat, novelist and essayist (died [[1998 in literature|1998]])
*[[July 17]] – [[G. P. Wells]], English zoologist, son and co-author of [[H. G. Wells]] (died [[1985 in literature|1985]])
*[[July 28]] – [[Malcolm Lowry]], English novelist (died [[1957 in literature|1957]])
*[[July 29]] – [[Chester Himes]], American writer (died [[1984 in literature|1984]])
*[[July 30]] – [[C. Northcote Parkinson]], English historian and author (died [[1993 in literature|1993]])
*[[August 3]] – [[Walter Van Tilburg Clark]], American novelist (died [[1971 in literature|1971]])
*[[August 11]] – [[Uku Masing]], Estonian religious philosopher, linguist and writer (died 1985)
*[[August 19]] – [[Jerzy Andrzejewski]], Polish author (died [[1983 in literature|1983]])
*[[September 9]] – [[Noel Barber]], British novelist (died [[1988 in literature|1988]])
*[[October 24]] – [[Sheila Watson (writer)|Sheila Watson]] (Sheila Doherty), Canadian novelist and critic (died [[1998 in literature|1998]])
*[[November 12]] – [[Laxmi Prasad Devkota]], Nepali poet, playwright, and novelist (died [[1959 in literature|1959]])
*[[November 26]] – [[Eugène Ionesco]] (Eugen Ionescu), Romanian-born French playwright (died [[1994 in literature|1994]])
*[[November 27]] – [[James Agee]], American writer (died [[1955 in literature|1955]])
*[[December 7]] – [[Alexandru Talex]], Romanian journalist, critic and biographer (died [[1998 in literature|1998]]) 
*[[December 14]] – [[Ronald Welch]] (Ronald Oliver Felton), Welsh novelist and children's writer writing in English (died [[1982 in literature|1982]])
*[[December 16]] – [[Edgar Mittelholzer]], Guyanese novelist (suicide [[1965 in literature|1965]])

==Deaths==
*[[January 1]] – [[Mollie Evelyn Moore Davis]], American poet, writer, and editor (born [[1844 in literature|1844]])
*[[January 14]] – [[William à Beckett]], English journalist (born [[1844 in literature|1844]])
*[[January 22]] – [[Hattie Tyng Griswold]], American author (born [[1842 in literature|1842]])
*[[February 11]] – [[Russell Sturgis]], American art critic (born [[1836 in literature|1836]])
*[[March 24]] – [[John Millington Synge]], Irish dramatist and poet (born [[1871 in literature|1871]])
*[[March 27]] ''(probable)'' – [[John Davidson (poet)|John Davidson]], Scottish poet (born [[1857 in literature|1857]])
*[[April 9]]
**[[Francis Marion Crawford]], American novelist (born [[1854 in literature|1854]])
**[[Paschal Grousset]], French journalist and science fiction writer (born [[1844 in literature|1844]])
*[[April 12]] – [[Algernon Charles Swinburne]], English poet (born [[1837 in literature|1837]])
*[[April 21]] – [[Denys Corbet]], [[Guernsey]] poet writing in Guernsey French and English (born [[1826 in literature|1826]])
*[[April 26]] – [[Marcus Dods (theologian born 1834)|Marcus Dods]], Scottish theologian (born [[1834 in literature|1834]])
*[[May 18]] – [[George Meredith]], English novelist and poet (born [[1828 in literature|1828]])
*[[June 11]] – [[Jacob Mikhailovich Gordin]], American dramatist (born [[1853 in literature|1853]])
*[[June 24]] – [[Sarah Orne Jewett]], American writer (born [[1849 in literature|1849]])<ref>{{cite book|first1=Edward T.|last1=James|first2=Janet|last2=Wilson James|first3=Paul S.|last3=Boyer|title=Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary|location=Cambridge|publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press|year=1971|page=274|isbn=978-0-67462-731-4}}</ref>
*[[July 8]] – [[Albert Craig (rhymester)|Albert Craig]] (The Surrey Poet), English cricket writer (born [[1850 in literature|1850]])
*[[July 9]] – [[Rosa Nouchette Carey]], English children's writer (born [[1840 in literature|1840]])<ref>{{cite book|first=Jane|last=Crisp|title=Rosa Nouchette Carey (1840-1904): A Bibliography|location=St. Lucia|publisher=Department of English, University of Queensland|year=1989|page=2|isbn=9780867763607}}</ref>
*[[August 15]] – [[Euclides da Cunha]], Brazilian writer, shot (born [[1866 in literature|1866]])
*[[August 18]] – [[Theodore Martin]], Scottish-born writer (born [[1816 in literature|1816]])
*[[August 21]] – [[George Cabot Lodge]], American poet (born [[1873 in literature|1873]])<ref>{{cite book |first=Henry Brooks |last=Adams |author-link=Henry Brooks Adams |title=The Life of George Cabot Lodge |url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgecabot01adamgoog |year=1911}}</ref>
*[[August 23]] – [[Liu E (writer)|Liu E]] (劉鶚, Liu O), Chinese scholar, entrepreneur and novelist (born [[1857 in literature|1857]])
*[[August 26]] – [[George Manville Fenn]], English novelist and educationalist (born [[1831 in literature|1831]])
*[[September 4]] – [[Clyde Fitch]], American playwright (born [[1865 in literature|1865]])
*[[September 19]] – [[József Borovnyák]], Slovene writer, politician and priest (born [[1826 in literature|1826]]) 
*[[October 16]] – [[Jakub Bart-Ćišinski]], Upper Sorbian poet, writer, playwright and translator (born [[1856 in literature|1856]])
*[[October 24]] – [[Henry Charles Lea]], American historian (born [[1825 in literature|1825]])
*[[November 5]] – [[H. L. Fischer]], Pennsylvania German-language writer and translator (born [[1822 in literature|1822]])<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Earl C. Haag]]|title=A Pennsylvania German Anthology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UAuw2OmZBUMC&pg=PA68|year=1988|publisher=Susquehanna University Press|isbn=978-0-945636-00-7|pages=68}}</ref>
*[[November 18]] – [[Renée Vivien]], English-born French-language Symbolist poet (born [[1877 in literature|1877]])
*[[December 14]] – [[Frederick Greenwood]], English novelist and journalist (born [[1830 in literature|1830]])

==Awards==
*[[Chancellor's Gold Medal]]: [[Dennis Holme Robertson]]
*[[Nobel Prize in Literature]]: [[Selma Lagerlöf]] (first female recipient)
*[[Newdigate Prize]]: [[Frank Ashton-Gwatkin]]
*[[Knight]]hood: [[Arthur Wing Pinero]]
*[[Prix Goncourt]]: [[Marius-Ary Leblond]], ''En France''<ref>{{cite book|author=Katherine Ashley|title=Prix Goncourt, 1903-2003: essais critiques|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QA_rVRar1JkC&pg=PA59|year=2004|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3-03910-018-7|pages=59|language=fr}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Year in literature article categories}}