Editing 1910 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1910|science}}
{{Science year nav|1910}}

The year '''1910 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy==
* January 12 – [[Great January Comet of 1910]] first observed ([[perihelion]]: January 17).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bortle|first=J.|title=The Bright Comet Chronicles|website=harvard.edu|url=http://www.icq.eps.harvard.edu/bortle.html|access-date=2008-11-18}}</ref>
* January 22 – At 9:30 in the evening, the Vigarano Meteorite splits as it falls to Earth in Italy at the locality of the same name, near [[Emilia-Romagna|Emilia]]. Weighing 11.5&nbsp;kg (or 25&nbsp;lb.), the stone that is recovered is the first of the [[Chondrite#Carbonaceous chondrites|CV chondrites]] named for the location. CV chondrites are described as the oldest rocks in the [[Solar System]].<ref>[http://www.site.uottawa.ca:4321/meteorites/index.html#Vigarano  University of Ottawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506131050/http://www.site.uottawa.ca:4321/meteorites/index.html#Vigarano |date=2008-05-06 }} meteorites database</ref> The other piece of the meteorite, weighing {{Convert|4.5|kg}}, is found a month later.
* April 10 – [[Halley's Comet]] becomes visible with the naked eye ([[perihelion]]: April 20);<ref>{{cite web|title=Great Comets in History|first=Donald Keith|last=Yeomans|publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?great_comets|year=1998|access-date=2007-03-15}}</ref> Earth passes through its [[Comet tail|tail]] about May 19<ref>{{cite web|year=1985|title=Through the comet's tail|work=Revised extracts from "A Comet Called Halley", published by Cambridge University Press in 1985|first=Ian|last=Ridpath|url=http://www.ianridpath.com/halley/halley12.htm|access-date=2011-06-19}}</ref> (its next visit will be in 1986).
* December 30 – A [[nova]] (later referred to as [[DI Lacertae]]), is spotted in the [[constellation]] [[Lacerta]], by Anglican minister and astronomer [[T. H. E. C. Espin]], making him the first human to see the birth of the new star.<ref>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1911ApJ....33..410F Astrophys. J. 33:410–417 (1911)] "New Star on Milky Way", ''Washington Post'', January 15, 1911, p. 47</ref>
* Approximate date – The [[Hertzsprung–Russell diagram]] is developed by [[Ejnar Hertzsprung]] and [[Henry Norris Russell]].

==Cartography==
* [[Behrmann projection]] introduced.

==Chemistry==
* [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Marian Smoluchowski]] find the Einstein-Smoluchowski formula for the attenuation coefficient due to density fluctuations in a gas.
* [[Umetaro Suzuki]] isolates the first [[vitamin]] complex, [[aberic acid]].<ref>[http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/english/jnlabstract_en.php?cdjournal=nikkashi1880&cdvol=32&noissue=1&startpage=4 ''Tokyo Kagaku Kaishi'' (1911)]{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Hoechst AG]] market [[Arsphenamine]] under the [[trade name]] ''[[Salvarsan]]'', the first organic antisyphilitic, its properties having been discovered the previous fall by bacteriologist [[Sahachiro Hata]] during systematic testing in the laboratory of [[Paul Ehrlich]]; it rapidly becomes the world's most widely prescribed drug.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/83/8325/8325salvarsan.html|title=Salvarsan|work=[[Chemical & Engineering News]]|year=2005|publisher=[[American Chemical Society]]|accessdate=2011-12-31}}</ref>
* [[George Barger]] and James Ewens of [[Wellcome Trust|Wellcome]] Laboratories in London first synthesize [[dopamine]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fahn|first=S.|title=The history of dopamine and levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease|journal=Movement Disorders|volume=23 Suppl 3|pages=S497–508|year=2008|pmid=18781671|doi=10.1002/mds.22028|s2cid=45572523}}</ref>
* [[Frederick Soddy]] shows that the radioelements [[mesothorium]] (later shown to be <sup>228</sup>Ra), [[radium]] (<sup>226</sup>Ra, the longest-lived isotope), and [[Isotopes of radium|thorium X]] (<sup>224</sup>Ra) are impossible to separate, leading to the identification of [[isotope]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Nagel|first=Miriam C.|title=Frederick Soddy: From Alchemy to Isotopes|journal=Journal of Chemical Education|year=1982|volume=59|pages=739–740|doi=10.1021/ed059p739|issue=9|bibcode = 1982JChEd..59..739N }}</ref>

==Mathematics==
* Publication of the 1st volume of ''[[Principia Mathematica]]'' by [[Alfred North Whitehead]] and [[Bertrand Russell]], one of the most important and seminal works in mathematical logic and philosophy.
* First known use of the term "[[Econometrics]]" (in [[cognate]] form), by [[Paweł Ciompa]].<ref>{{cite book|first=M. Hashem|last=Pesaran|authorlink=M. Hashem Pesaran|year=1987|chapter=Econometrics|title=The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics|volume=2|pages=8–22|title-link=The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics}}</ref>

==Physics==
* German [[physicist]] [[Theodor Wulf]] climbs the [[Eiffel Tower]] with an [[electrometer]] and discovers the first evidence of [[cosmic rays]].
* [[Hans Reissner]] and [[Gunnar Nordstrom|Gunnar Nordström]] define the Reissner–Nordström [[Gravitational singularity|singularity]]; [[Hermann Weyl]] solves the special case for a point-body source.

==Physiology and medicine==
* February 3 – The first [[pyloromyotomy]], a surgery to correct the congenital narrowing (in infants) of the path between the stomach and the intestines ([[pyloric stenosis]]) is performed in Edinburgh by Sir [[Harold Stiles]]; however, the procedure is named for Dr. Wilhelm Ramstedt, who performs the surgery in 1911.<ref>{{cite book|first=N. M. A.|last=Bax|display-authors=etal|title=Endoscopic Surgery in Infants and Children|publisher=Springer|year=2008|page=281}}</ref> 
* March – [[International Psychoanalytical Association]] established.
* March 20 – The first clinic for treatment of [[occupational disease]]s is opened in [[Milan]] (Italy). (The first in the United States will be established in 1915.)<ref>{{cite book|last=Fielding|first=H. Garrison|title=An Introduction to the History of Medicine: With Medical Chronology, Suggestions for Study and Bibliographic Data|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co.|year=1917|page=775}}</ref>
* May 18 – At the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of the [[Feeble-minded|Feeble-Minded]], [[Henry H. Goddard]] introduces a system for classifying individuals with mental retardation based on [[intelligence quotient]] (IQ): [[Moron (psychology)|moron]] for those with an IQ of 51–70, [[Mental retardation#Traditional terms|imbecile]] for those with an IQ of 26–50, and [[Idiot (usage)|idiot]] for those with an IQ of 0-25.
* July 15 – Publication of the eighth edition of [[Emil Kraepelin]]'s ''Psychiatrie: Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Arzte'', naming [[Alzheimer's disease]] as a variety of [[dementia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Berchtold|first1=N. C.|last2=Cotman|first2=C. W.|title=Evolution in the conceptualization of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Greco-Roman period to the 1960s|journal=Neurobiology of Aging|volume=19|issue=3|pages=173–89|year=1998|pmid=9661992|doi=10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00052-9|s2cid=24808582}}</ref>
* October (approx.) – Approximate date of origin of [[Manchurian plague]], a form of [[pneumonic plague]] which by December is spreading through northeastern China, killing more than 40,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/sd/2011-01-14/130221815935.shtml |title=Recalling the 1910 Harbin Plague |work=Sina.com |language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Mark |last=Gamsa |title=The Epidemic of Pneumonic Plague in Manchuria 1910–1911 |journal=[[Past & Present (journal)|Past & Present]] | date=February 2006 |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=147–183 |doi=10.1093/pastj/gtj001}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Goh, L. G. |author2=Ho, T. M. |author3=Phua, K. H. |title=Wisdom and Western Science: The Work of Dr Wu Lien-Teh |journal=[[Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health]] | doi=10.1177/101053958700100123 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=99–109 |series=Historical Milestones |date=January 1987 |pmid=3330665|s2cid=33328996 }}</ref>
* [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]] discovers that [[gene]]s are located on [[chromosome]]s.
* [[Chicago]] [[cardiologist]] [[James B. Herrick]] makes the first published identification of [[Sickle-cell disease|sickle cells]] in the blood of a patient with [[anemia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Herrick|first=James B.|title=Peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped red blood corpuscles in a case of severe anemia|journal=[[Archives of Internal Medicine]]|volume=6|issue=5|pages=517–521|date=November 1910|doi=10.1001/archinte.1910.00050330050003|pmc=<!--none-->}}; Reprinted in {{cite journal|pmc=2588723 | pmid=11501714 | volume=74 | title=Peculiar elongated and sickle-shaped red blood corpuscles in a case of severe anemia. 1910 | year=2001 | journal=Yale J Biol Med | pages=179–84 | last1 = Herrick | first1 = JB| issue=3 }}</ref>
* [[Platelet]]s are first named by [[James Homer Wright]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wright|first=J. H.|title=The histogenesis of blood platelets|journal=Journal of Morphology|year=1910|volume=21|issue=2|pages=263–78|doi=10.1002/jmor.1050210204|hdl=2027/hvd.32044107223588|s2cid=84877594|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/imgsrv/download/pdf?id=hvd.32044107223588;orient=0;size=100;seq=3;attachment=0|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Francis Peyton Rous|Peyton Rous]] demonstrates that a malignant tumor can be transmitted by a virus (which becomes known as the [[Rous sarcoma virus]], a [[retrovirus]]).<ref>{{cite journal|first=Peyton|last=Rous|title=A Transmissible Avian Neoplasm (Sarcoma of the Common Fowl)|journal=[[Journal of Experimental Medicine]]|volume=12|issue=5|pages=696–705|date=1910-09-01|pmc=2124810|pmid=19867354|doi=10.1084/jem.12.5.696|url=http://digitalcommons.ohsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1156&context=hca-cac|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910230342/http://digitalcommons.ohsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1156&context=hca-cac|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 10, 2015|access-date=2018-11-04}}{{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966 – Peyton Rous – Biography|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/rous.html|work=Nobelprize.org|accessdate=2011-10-14}}</ref>
* [[Hans Christian Jacobaeus]] of Sweden performs the first [[Thoracoscopy|thoracoscopic]] diagnosis with a [[cystoscope]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Hans Christian|last=Jacobaeus|year=1911|title=The Possibilities for Performing Cystoscopy in Examinations of Serous Cavities|journal=Münchner Medizinischen Wochenschrift}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Martin|last=Hatzinger|journal=Journal of Endourology|title=Hans Christian Jacobaeus: Inventor of Human Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy|volume=20|issue=11|date=4 December 2006|doi=10.1089/end.2006.20.848|pmid=17144849|display-authors=etal|pages=848–850}}</ref>

==Technology==
* January 12–13 –  [[Lee De Forest]] conducts an experimental broadcast of part of a live performance of ''[[Tosca]]'' and, the next day, a performance with the participation of the Italian tenor [[Enrico Caruso]] from the stage of [[Metropolitan Opera]] House in New York City.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kane|first=Joseph Nathan|title=Famous First Facts|edition=4th|location=New York|publisher=The H.W. Wilson Company|year=1981|isbn=978-0-8242-0661-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/famousfirstfacts00kane/page/442 442]|title-link=Famous First Facts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm|title=MetOpera Database|publisher=Metropolitan Opera}}</ref>
* February 17 – A [[patent]] for the first [[Safety (firearms)|safety catch (firearms)]] is filed by the [[Browning Arms Company]] in the United States.<ref>U.S. Patent No. 984,519, granted on February 14, 1911. [http://www.romingerlegal.com/new_jersey/appellate/a2527-95.opn.html ''Hurst v. Glock, Inc.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173411/http://www.romingerlegal.com/new_jersey/appellate/a2527-95.opn.html|date=2011-09-27}}, 295 N.J. Super. 165 (1996).</ref>
* February 25 – [[Thomas Edison]]'s "trolleyless street car", powered by storage batteries rather than by overhead electric wires, is publicly demonstrated on New York City's [[List of numbered streets in Manhattan|29th Street]] horse car tracks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/02/26/102036648.pdf|title=Test Edison Car On Crosstown Line|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1910-02-26|page=2}}</ref>
* March 28 – [[Henri Fabre]] makes the first flights in a [[seaplane]], at [[Martigues]], France.
* June 7 – William G. Allen of the [[Allen (brand)|Allen Manufacturing Company]] is granted a United States patent for a [[hex key]].<ref>{{US Patent|960244}}</ref>
* October – First publication of [[Infrared photography|infrared photographs]], by American optical [[physicist]] [[Robert W. Wood]] in the [[Royal Photographic Society]]'s ''Journal''.
* December 3–18 – [[Georges Claude]] demonstrates the first modern neon light at the [[Paris Motor Show]].
* Lieutenant-Colonel Dr. [[George Owen Squier]] of the [[United States Army]] invents telephone carrier [[multiplexing]].
* Completion of [[Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad]]'s [[Paulinskill Viaduct]] on its [[Lackawanna Cut-Off]], the world's largest [[reinforced concrete]] structure at this time, built under the supervision of Lincoln Bush, its chief engineer.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=Sanford E.|title=Concrete in Railroad Construction: A Treatise ... |publisher=Atlas Portland Cement Company|year=1915|page=36}}</ref>

==Institutions==
* March 17 – The [[Smithsonian Institution]]'s Natural History Building, later the [[National Museum of Natural History]], opens its doors to the public in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/thisday/march.htm|title=This Day in SI History – March|work=Smithsonian Institution Archives|accessdate=2010-04-18|archive-date=2010-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608035035/http://siarchives.si.edu/history/exhibits/thisday/march.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Nobel Prize]]s
** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Johannes Diderik van der Waals]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Otto Wallach]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Albrecht Kossel]]

==Births==
* January 20 – [[Joy Adamson|Friederike Victoria Gessner, ''later'' Joy Adamson]] (murdered [[1980 in science|1980]]), Austrian-born [[wildlife conservation]]ist.<ref>{{cite book|first=Catharine M. C.|last=Haines|title=International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950|location=Santa Barbara|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2001|isbn=978-1-57607-090-1|page=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HftdjMNDvwIC}}</ref>
* February 9 – [[Jacques Monod]] (died [[1976 in science|1976]]), French [[biochemist]], winner of [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in [[1965 in science|1965]].
* February 13 – [[William Shockley]] (died [[1989 in science|1989]]), American [[physicist]].
* March 11 – [[Robert Havemann]] (died [[1982 in science|1982]]), German [[chemist]].
* May 3 – [[Helen M. Duncan]] (died [[1971 in science|1971]]), American [[geologist]] and [[paleontologist]]
* May 12 – [[Dorothy Hodgkin]] (died [[1994 in science|1994]]), British [[chemist]].
* June 11 – [[Jacques Cousteau]] (died [[1997 in science|1997]]), French [[oceanographer]].
* July 16 – [[David Lack]] (died [[1973 in science|1973]]), English [[ornithologist]].
* August 18 – [[Pál Turán]] (died [[1976 in science|1976]]), Hungarian [[mathematician]].
* August 28 – [[C. Doris Hellman]] (died [[1973 in science|1973]]), American historian of science.
* September 1 – [[Pierre Bézier]] (died [[1999 in science|1999]]), French engineer.
* October 11 – [[Cahit Arf]] (died [[1997 in science|1997]]), Turkish mathematician.
* October 27 – [[Margaret Hutchinson Rousseau]] (died [[2000 in science|2000]]), American chemical engineer.
* October 31 – [[Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild|Victor Rothschild]] (died [[1990 in science|1990]]), British [[polymath]].
* December 24 – [[Bill Pickering (rocket scientist)|Bill Pickering]] (died [[2004 in science|2004]]), New Zealand-born head of [[NASA]]'s [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]].

==Deaths==
* March 15 – [[Hans Heinrich Landolt]] (born [[1831 in science|1831]]), Swiss-born chemist.
* May 10 – [[Stanislao Cannizzaro]] (born [[1826 in science|1826]]), Italian [[chemist]].
* May 12 – [[William Huggins]] (born [[1824 in science|1824]]), English [[astronomer]].
* May 27 – [[Robert Koch]] (born [[1843 in science|1843]]), German [[bacteriologist]].
* July 4 – [[Giovanni Schiaparelli]] (born [[1835 in science|1835]]), Italian astronomer.
* July 14 – [[Mihran Kassabian]] (born [[1870 in science|1870]]), American [[radiologist]].
* August 12 – [[Florence Nightingale]] (born [[1820 in science|1820]]), English [[nurse]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1910 In Science}}
[[Category:1910 in science| ]]
[[Category:20th century in science]]
[[Category:1910s in science]]