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{{Events by month|1917}} {{About year|1917}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}} {{Year nav|1917}} {{C20 year in topic}} {{Year article header|1917}} {{TOC limit|2}} == Events == Below, the events of [[World War I]] have the "WWI" prefix. === January === {{main|January 1917}} * [[January 9]] – WWI – [[Battle of Rafa]]: The last substantial [[Ottoman Army]] garrison on the [[Sinai Peninsula]] is captured by the [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]]'s [[Desert Column]].<ref name="Force1924">{{cite book|author=New Zealand. Army. Expeditionary Force|title=Roll of Honour, the Great War, 1914-1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UtbFAAAAMAAJ|year=1924|publisher=W.A.G. Skinner|page=xv}}</ref> * [[January 10]] – [[Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition]]: Seven survivors of the [[Ross Sea party]] are rescued after being stranded for several months.<ref>{{cite book|author-link= Ernest Shackleton|last= Shackleton|first= Ernest|title= South|url= https://archive.org/details/South00Shac|publisher= William Heinemann|location= London|year= 1919|pages= 334–337}}</ref> * [[January 11]] – Unknown saboteurs set off the [[Kingsland Explosion]] at Kingsland (modern-day [[Lyndhurst, New Jersey]]), one of the events leading to United States involvement in WWI.<ref>{{cite book|author=Canada. Parliament. House of Commons|title=Official Report of Debates, House of Commons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6iElAQAAIAAJ|year=1939|publisher=Queen's Printer|page=4044}}</ref> * [[January 16]] – The [[Danish West Indies]] is sold to the United States for $25 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|25|1917}} million in {{Inflation/year|US}}). * [[January 22]] – WWI: United States President [[Woodrow Wilson]] calls for "peace without victory" in Germany. * [[January 25]] – WWI: British [[armed merchantman]] {{SS|Laurentic|1908|6}} is sunk by mines off [[Lough Swilly]] (Ireland), with the loss of 354 of the 475 aboard. * [[January 26]] – The sea defences at the English village of [[Hallsands]] are breached, leading to all but one of the houses becoming uninhabitable. * [[January 28]] – The United States ends its search for [[Pancho Villa]]. * [[January 30]] – [[John J. Pershing|Pershing]]'s troops in [[Mexico]] begin withdrawing back to the United States. They reach [[Columbus, New Mexico]] [[February 5]]. === February === {{main|February 1917}} * [[February 1]] – WWI: [[Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I|Atlantic U-boat Campaign]]: [[German Empire|Germany]] announces its [[U-boat]]s will resume [[unrestricted submarine warfare]], rescinding the '[[Sussex pledge|''Sussex'' Pledge]]'. * [[February 3]] – WWI: The United States severs diplomatic relations with Germany. [[File:USA bryter de diplomatiska förbindelserna med Tyskland 3 februari 1917.jpg|thumb|200px|President Woodrow Wilson of the United States announces to Congress the breaking of diplomatic relations with Germany]] * [[February 12]] – [[Deportivo Toluca F.C.]] is founded as an Association football club in Mexico. * [[February 13]] – WWI: ** [[Mata Hari]] is arrested in Paris for spying. ** [[Raid on Nekhl]]: Units of the [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] completely reoccupy the [[Egypt]]ian Sinai Peninsula. * [[February 21]] – British [[troopship]] {{SS|Mendi}} is accidentally rammed and sunk off the [[Isle of Wight]], killing 646, mainly members of the [[South African Native Labour Corps]].<ref name="Mendi">{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.mil.za/newnavy/mendi_history/mendi_hist.htm |author=SA Legion – Atteridgeville Branch |title=The SS Mendi – A Historical Background |work=Navy News |publisher=South African Navy |access-date=20 November 2008 |archive-date=March 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305223813/http://www.navy.mil.za/newnavy/mendi_history/mendi_hist.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[February 24]] – WWI: [[Walter Hines Page]], United States ambassador to the United Kingdom, is shown the intercepted [[Zimmermann Telegram]], in which Germany offers to give the American Southwest back to Mexico, if Mexico will take sides with Germany, in case the United States declares war on Germany. === March === {{main|March 1917}} * [[March 1]] ** WWI: The U.S. government releases the text of the [[Zimmermann Telegram]] to the public. ** [[Ōmuta, Fukuoka|Ōmuta]], Japan, is founded by Hiroushi Miruku. * [[March 2]] – The enactment of the [[Jones–Shafroth Act|Jones Act]] grants [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Ricans]] United States citizenship. * [[March 4]] ** [[Jeannette Rankin]] of [[Montana]] becomes the first woman member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]. * [[March 7]] – "[[Livery Stable Blues]]", recorded with "Dixie Jazz Band One Step" on [[February 26]], by the [[Original Dixieland Jass Band]] in the United States, becomes the first [[jazz]] recording commercially released. On [[August 17]] the band records "[[Tiger Rag]]". [[File:Women's manifestation inPetrograd, 1917.jpg|thumb|Women calling for bread and peace - Petrograd, 8 March]] * [[March 8]] (N.S.) ** ([[February 23]], O.S.) – The [[February Revolution]] begins in Russia: Women calling for bread in [[Petrograd]] start riots, which spontaneously spread throughout the city. ** WWI: Norwegian tramp {{SS|Storstad}} (the ship that rammed and sank {{RMS|Empress of Ireland}} in [[1914]]) is torpedoed and sunk by [[SM U-62|SM ''U-62'']] in the Atlantic with the loss of 3 crew members. * [[March 10]] – The Province of [[Batangas]] is formally founded, as one of the [[Philippines]]' first [[encomienda]]s. * [[March 11]] – [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Venustiano Carranza]] is elected president of Mexico; the United States gives ''[[de jure]]'' recognition of his government. * [[March 12]] – The Russian [[Duma]] declares a [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]]. It is dissolved 4 months later. * [[March 14]] – WWI: The [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]] terminates diplomatic relations with Germany. * [[March 15]] (N.S.) ([[March 2]], O.S.) – Emperor [[Nicholas II of Russia]] abdicates his throne and his son's claims. This is considered to be the end of the [[Russian Empire]], after 196 years. * [[March 16]] (N.S.) ([[March 3]], O.S.) – [[Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia]] refuses the throne, and power passes to the newly formed Provisional Government, under Prince [[Georgy Lvov]]. * [[March 25]] – The [[Georgian Orthodox Church]] restores the [[autocephaly]], abolished by Imperial Russia in [[1811]]. * [[March 26]] – WWI: [[First Battle of Gaza]] – British [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] troops virtually encircle the Gaza garrison, but are then ordered to withdraw, leaving the city to the Ottoman defenders. * [[March 30]] – [[Hjalmar Hammarskjöld]] steps down as [[Prime Minister of Sweden]]; he is replaced by right-wing businessman and politician [[Carl Swartz]]. * [[March 31]] – The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies, which become the [[United States Virgin Islands|US Virgin Islands]], after paying $25 million to Denmark. === April === {{main|April 1917}} * April – ''[[Imokawa Mukuzo Genkanban no Maki]]'', the first [[anime]], is released in [[Japan]]. * [[April 2]] – WWI: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson asks the [[United States Congress]] for a [[declaration of war]] on Germany. * [[April 6]] – WWI: The United States [[s:Woodrow Wilson declares war on Germany|declares war on Germany]]. * [[April 8]] (N.S.) ([[March 26]], O.S.) – In [[Petrograd]], 40,000 ethnic [[Estonians]] demand [[national autonomy]] within [[Russia]]. * [[April 9]]–[[May 16]] – WWI: [[Battle of Arras (1917)|Battle of Arras]] – British Empire troops make a significant advance on the Western Front but are unable to achieve a breakthrough. * [[April 9]]–[[April 12|12]] – WWI: Canadian troops win the [[Battle of Vimy Ridge]]. * [[April 10]] – [[Eddystone explosion]]: an explosion at an ammunition plant near [[Chester, Pennsylvania]], kills 139, mostly female workers. * [[April 11]] – WWI: [[First Brazilian Republic|Brazil]] severs diplomatic relations with Germany. * [[April 12]] (N.S.) ([[March 30]] O.S.) – The [[Autonomous Governorate of Estonia]] is formed within [[Russia]], from the [[Governorate of Estonia]] and the northern part of the [[Governorate of Livonia]]. * [[April 16]] ** (N.S.) ([[April 3]], O.S.) – [[Vladimir Lenin]] arrives at the [[Finland Station]] in [[Petrograd]] after a German-sponsored voyage in a [[sealed train]] from his exile in Switzerland through Germany and Scandinavia. ** WWI: The [[Nivelle Offensive]] commences. [[Image:Lenin.gif|thumb|150px|Lenin]] * [[April 17]] ** (N.S.) ([[April 4]], O.S.) – [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s [[April Theses]] are published.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-12 |title=April Theses |url=https://soviethistory.msu.edu/1917-2/april-crisis/april-crisis-texts/april-thesis/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Seventeen Moments in Soviet History |language=en-US}}</ref> They become very influential in the following [[July Days]] and [[Bolshevik Revolution]]. ** WWI: The Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins the [[Second Battle of Gaza]]. This unsuccessful frontal attack on strong [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] defences along with the first battle, results in 10,000 casualties, the dismissal of force commander General [[Archibald Murray]], and the beginning of the [[Stalemate in Southern Palestine]]. ** ''[[The Times]]'' and the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' (London newspapers both owned by [[Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe|Lord Northcliffe]]) print [[atrocity propaganda]] of the supposed existence of a [[German Corpse Factory]] processing dead soldiers' bodies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Germans and their Dead. Revolting Treatment. Science and the Barbarian Spirit|newspaper=The Times|location=London|issue=41454|page=5|date=1917-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Cadavers Not Human.; Gruesome Tale Believed to be Somebody's Notion of an April Fool Joke|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=1917-04-20|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/04/20/102335496.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Badsey|first=Stephen|title=The German Corpse Factory: a Study in First World War Propaganda|location=Solihull|publisher=Helion|year=2014|isbn=9781909982666}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Neander|first=Joachim|title=The German Corpse Factory: The Master Hoax of British Propaganda in the First World War|publisher=Saarland University Press|location=Saarbrücken|year=2013|isbn=9783862231171}}</ref> * [[April 19]] – WWI: Army transport {{SS|Mongolia|1903}} fires the United States' first shots in anger in the war when her gun crew drives off a German [[U-boat]] in the [[English Channel]] seven miles southeast of [[Beachy Head]].<ref>{{cite DANFS|title=Mongolia|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/mongolia.html|access-date=2017-04-25}}</ref> * [[April 26]] – WWI: The [[Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne]], between France, Italy and the United Kingdom, to settle interests in the Middle East, is signed. === May === {{main|May 1917}} * [[May 3]] – WWI: [[1917 French Army mutinies]] begin. * [[May 9]] – WWI: The [[Nivelle Offensive]] is abandoned. * [[May 13]] – Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli, the future [[Pope Pius XII]], is consecrated [[Archbishop]] by [[Pope Benedict XV]].<ref>''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]'', Weekly Edition in English, 12/19 August 1998, p. 9.</ref> * [[May 13]]–[[October 13]] (at monthly intervals) – 10-year-old [[Lúcia Santos]] and her cousins Francisco and Jacinta Marto report experiencing a series of [[Marian apparition]]s near [[Fátima, Portugal]], which become known as [[Our Lady of Fátima]]. * [[May 15]] – [[Robert Nivelle]] is replaced as Commander-in-Chief of the [[French Army in World War I|French Army]], by [[Philippe Pétain]]. * [[May 18]] – WWI: The [[Selective Service Act of 1917|Selective Service Act]] passes the [[United States Congress]], giving the [[President of the United States|President]] the power of [[conscription]]. * [[May 21]] – Over 300 acres (73 blocks) are destroyed in the [[Great Atlanta fire of 1917]] in the United States. * [[May 22]] **The [[NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps|Commissioned Officer Corps]] of the [[United States Coast and Geodetic Survey]] is established. **[[Lynching of Ell Persons|Ell Persons]] is lynched in Memphis, in connection with the rape and murder of 16-year-old Antoinette Rappal. * [[May 23]] ** A month of civil violence in [[Milan]], Italy ends, after the Italian army forcibly takes over the city from anarchists and anti-war revolutionaries; 50 people are killed and 800 arrested.<ref>{{cite book|last=Seton-Watson|first=Christopher|year=1967|title=Italy from Liberalism to Fascism: 1870 to 1925|location=London|publisher=Methuen & Co. Ltd|pages=468–9}}</ref> ** WWI: During the [[Stalemate in Southern Palestine]], the [[Raid on the Beersheba to Hafir el Auja railway]] by the British [[Desert Column]] takes place: large sections of the railway line linking [[Beersheba]] to the main [[Ottoman Army|Ottoman]] desert base are destroyed. * [[May 26]] – A [[May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence|tornado]] strikes [[Mattoon, Illinois]], causing devastation and killing 101 people. * [[May 27]] ** WWI: [[1917 French Army mutinies]]: Over 30,000 French troops refuse to go to the trenches at [[Missy-aux-Bois]]. ** [[Pope Benedict XV]] [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgates]] the [[1917 Code of Canon Law|1917 ''Code of Canon Law'']]. === June === {{main|June 1917}} * [[June 1]] – [[1917 French Army mutinies]]: A French infantry regiment seizes [[Missy-aux-Bois]], and declares an anti-war military government. Other French army troops soon apprehend them. * [[June 4]] – The first [[Pulitzer Prize]]s are awarded: [[Laura E. Richards]], [[Maud Howe Elliott]] and [[Florence Hall (Pulitzer Prize winner)|Florence Hall]] receive the first [[Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer]] for a biography, (for ''[[Julia Ward Howe]]''). [[Jean Jules Jusserand]] receives the first [[Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer]] for history, for his work ''With Americans of Past and Present Days.'' [[Herbert Bayard Swope]] receives the first [[Pulitzer Prize|Pulitzer]] for journalism, for his work for the ''[[New York World]].'' * [[June 5]] – WWI: [[Conscription]] begins in the United States. * [[June 7]] – WWI: [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]] opens with the British Army detonating 24 [[ammonal]] [[Mining (military)|mines]] under the German lines, killing 10,000 in the deadliest deliberate non-nuclear man-made explosion in history. * [[June 8]] – [[Speculator Mine disaster]]: A fire at the Granite Mountain and Speculator ore mine, outside [[Butte, Montana]], kills at least 168 workers. * [[June 11]] – King [[Constantine I of Greece]] abdicates for the first time, being succeeded by his son [[Alexander of Greece|Alexander]]. * [[June 13]] – WWI: The first major German bombing raid on London by fixed-wing aircraft leaves 162 dead and 432 injured. * [[June 15]] – The United States enacts the [[Espionage Act of 1917|Espionage Act]]. === July === {{main|July 1917}} * [[July]] ** The first [[Cottingley Fairies]] photographs are taken in [[Yorkshire]], England, apparently depicting fairies (a hoax not admitted by the child creators until [[1981]]). ** [[Suze Groeneweg]] becomes the first woman elected to sit in the [[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]] in the [[Netherlands]] (although women will not be granted the right to vote until the following year).<ref>{{cite web|title=Women's Day The Netherlands|url=https://redyellowblue.org/data/nl/wdnl/|publisher=RYB|accessdate=2024-12-10}}</ref> * [[July 1]] – WWI: Russian General [[Aleksei Brusilov|Brusilov]] begins the major [[Kerensky offensive]] in [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], initially advancing towards [[Lemberg]]. * [[July 1]]–[[July 3|3]] – [[East St. Louis massacre]]: A labor dispute ignites a [[race riot]] in [[East St. Louis, Illinois]], which leaves 250 dead. * [[July 2]] – WWI: Greece joins the war on the side of the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/greece-declares-war-on-central-powers |title=Greece declares war on Central Powers |language=en |work=history.com |date=November 16, 2009 |publisher=History |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150401184224/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/greece-declares-war-on-central-powers |archive-date= 2015-04-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/minorpowers_greece.htm |title=Minorpowers, Greece |language=en |work=firstworldwar.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150314161847/http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/minorpowers_greece.htm |archive-date= 2015-03-14}}</ref> * [[July 6]] – WWI: ** [[Battle of Aqaba]]: [[Arab Revolt|Arabian troops]], led by [[T. E. Lawrence]], capture [[Aqaba]] from the [[Ottoman Empire]]. ** The [[Conscription Crisis of 1917]] in Canada leads to passage of the Military Service Act. * [[July 7]] – The [[Lions Clubs International]] is formed in the United States. * [[July 8]]–[[July 13|13]] – WWI: [[Battles of Ramadi (1917)#First Battle of Ramadi|First Battle of Ramadi]] – British troops fail to take [[Ramadi]] from the Ottoman Empire; a majority of British casualties are due to extreme heat. * [[July 12]] – [[Bisbee Deportation]]: The [[Phelps Dodge]] Corporation has over 1,000 suspected [[Industrial Workers of the World|IWW]] members from its metal mines deported from [[Bisbee, Arizona]]. * [[July 16]]–[[July 17|17]] – [[Russian Empire|Russian]] troops mutiny, abandon the [[Austria-Hungary|Austrian]] front, and retreat to [[Ukraine]]; hundreds are shot by their commanding officers during the retreat. * [[July 16]]–[[July 18|18]] – [[July Days]]: Serious clashes occur in [[Petrograd]]; [[Vladimir Lenin]] escapes to [[Grand Duchy of Finland|Finland]]; [[Leon Trotsky]] is arrested. * [[July 17]] – King [[George V]] of the United Kingdom issues a proclamation, stating that thenceforth the male line descendants of the [[British Royal Family]] will bear the surname [[House of Windsor|Windsor]], vice the Germanic bloodline of ''[[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]'' (an offshoot of the historic (800+ years) [[House of Wettin]]). * [[July 20]] ** The [[Parliament of Finland]], with a [[Social Democratic Party of Finland|Social Democratic]] majority, passes a "Sovereignty Act", declaring itself, as the representative of the Finnish people, sovereign over the [[Grand Duchy of Finland]]. The Russian Provisional Government does not recognize the act, as it would have devolved Russian sovereignty over Finland, formerly exercised by the Russian Emperor as Grand Duke of Finland, and alter the relationship between Finland and Russia into a real union, with Russia solely responsible for the defence and foreign relations of an independent Finland. ** ([[July 7]], O.S.) – [[Alexander Kerensky]] becomes [[premier]] of the [[Russian Provisional Government]], replacing Prince [[Georgy Lvov]]. ** The Russian Provisional Government enacts [[women's suffrage]]. ** The [[Corfu Declaration]], which enables the establishment of the post-war [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], is signed by the [[Yugoslav Committee]] and the [[Kingdom of Serbia]]. * [[July 20]]–[[July 28|28]] – WWI: [[Austria-Hungary|Austrian]] and [[German Empire|German]] forces repulse the [[Russian Empire|Russian]] advance into [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]]. * [[July 25]] – Sir [[William Thomas White]] introduces Canada's first [[income tax]] as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%). * [[July 28]] – The [[Silent Parade]] is organized by the [[NAACP]] in New York City, to protest the [[East St. Louis massacre]] of early July, as well as lynchings in [[Tennessee]] and [[Texas]]. * [[July 30]] – The [[Parliament of Finland]] is dissolved by the [[Russian Provisional Government]]. New elections are held in the autumn, resulting in a bourgeois majority. * [[July 31]] – WWI: [[Battle of Passchendaele]] ("Third Battle of Ypres") – Allied offensive operations commence in Flanders. === August === {{main|August 1917}} * [[August 2]]–[[August 3|3]] – The [[Green Corn Rebellion]], an uprising by several hundred farmers against the WWI draft, takes place in central [[Oklahoma]]. * [[August 2]] – [[Edwin Harris Dunning|Squadron Commander E.H. Dunning]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060628134612/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3919 lands his aircraft on the ship] {{HMS|Furious|47|6}} in [[Scapa Flow]], [[Orkney]]. He is killed 5 days later during another landing on the ship. * [[August 3]] – The [[New York Guard]] is founded. * [[August 10]] – A general strike begins in Spain; it is smashed after 3 days with 70 left dead, hundreds of wounded and 2,000 arrests. * [[August 14]] – The [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]] declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. * [[August 17]] – One of English literature's important meetings takes place, when [[Wilfred Owen]] introduces himself to [[Siegfried Sassoon]] at the [[Craiglockhart War Hospital]] in [[Edinburgh]]. * [[August 18]] – The [[Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917]] in Greece destroys 32% of the city, leaving 70,000 individuals homeless. * [[August 29]] – WWI: The [[Military Service Act (Canada)|Military Service Act]] is passed in the [[House of Commons of Canada]], giving the [[Government of Canada]] the right to conscript men into the army. ===September=== {{main|September 1917}} * [[September 5]] – WW1: On the Eastern Front, German troops enter [[Riga]] after a successful offensive against the city's Russian defenders. * [[September 11]] – The [[Bellevue Conference (September 11, 1917)|Bellevue Conference]] is held. * [[September 14]] (September 1 [[Old Style]]) – Russia is declared a [[Russian Republic|republic]] by the [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]]. * [[September 23]] – [[Leon Trotsky]] is elected Chairman of the [[Petrograd Soviet]]. * [[September 25]] – The [[Mossovet]] ([[Moscow]] Soviet of People's Deputies) votes to side with the [[Bolsheviks]]. * [[September 26]]–[[October 3]] – WWI: [[Battle of Polygon Wood]] (part of the [[Battle of Passchendaele]]) near [[Ypres]] in Belgium – British and Australian troops capture positions from the Germans. * [[September 28]]–[[September 29|29]] – WWI: [[Battles of Ramadi (1917)#Second Battle of Ramadi|Second Battle of Ramadi]] – British troops take [[Ramadi]] from the Ottoman Empire. === October === {{main|October 1917}} * [[October 4]] – WWI: [[Battle of Broodseinde]] near Ypres – British Imperial forces overpower the [[4th Army (German Empire)|German 4th Army]]'s defences. * [[October 12]] – WWI: [[First Battle of Passchendaele]]: – Allies fail to take a German defensive position, with the biggest loss of life in a single day for New Zealand, over 800 men and 45 officers are killed, roughly 1 in 1,000 of the nation's population at this time. * [[October 12]]–[[October 19|19]] – WWI: [[Operation Albion]] – German forces land on and capture the [[West Estonian archipelago]]. * [[October 13]] – The [[Miracle of the Sun]] is reported at [[Fátima, Portugal]]. * [[October 19]] ** [[Dallas Love Field]] Airport is opened in Texas. ** [[Carl Swartz]] leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden, after dismal election results for the right-wing in the Riksdag elections in September. He is replaced by liberal leader and history professor [[Nils Edén]]. * [[October 23]] – A [[Brazil during World War I|Brazil]]ian ship is destroyed by a German U-boat, encouraging Brazil to enter World War I. * [[October 24]] – WWI: [[Battle of Caporetto]] opens between the [[Kingdom of Italy]] and the [[Central Powers]] near [[Kobarid]] in the [[Austrian Littoral]]. It is the first major engagement for junior German officer Erwin Rommel. * [[October 26]] – WWI: [[First Brazilian Republic#Brazil in World War I|Brazil]] declares war against the [[Central Powers]]. [[File:Venceslau Brás declara guerra 1917.jpg|thumb|Brazilian President [[Venceslau Brás]] signs a declaration of war against the [[Central Powers]]]] * [[October 27]] – WWI: [[Battle of Buqqar Ridge]] – [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] forces attack British [[Desert Mounted Corps]] units garrisoning El-Buqqar Ridge, during the last days of the [[Stalemate in Southern Palestine]]. * [[October 31]] – WWI: [[Battle of Beersheba (1917)|Battle of Beersheba]] – The British [[XX Corps (United Kingdom)|XX Corps]] and [[Desert Mounted Corps]] ([[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]]) attack and capture [[Beersheba]] from Ottoman forces, ending the [[stalemate in Southern Palestine]]. The battle includes a rare (by this date) mounted [[Charge (warfare)|charge]], by Australian [[mounted infantry]]. === November === {{main|November 1917}} * [[November 1]] – WWI: ** The British [[XXI Corps (United Kingdom)|XXI Corps]] of the [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] begins the [[Third Battle of Gaza]]. ** The British [[Desert Mounted Corps]] begins the [[Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe]], in the direction of [[Hebron]] and [[Jerusalem]]. * [[November 2]] – [[Zionism]]: The [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|British Foreign Secretary]] [[Arthur Balfour]] makes the [[Balfour Declaration]], proclaiming British support for the "establishment in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] of a national home for the Jewish people..., it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities". * [[November 5]] (N.S.) ([[October 23]], O.S.) – Estonian and Russian Bolsheviks seize power in [[Tallinn]], [[Autonomous Governorate of Estonia]], two days before the [[October Revolution]] in [[Petrograd]]. * [[November 6]] ** WWI – [[Second Battle of Passchendaele]]: After 3 months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take [[Passendale|Passchendaele]] in Belgium (the battle concludes on [[November 10]]). ** WWI: The [[Battle of Hareira and Sheria]] is launched by the British [[XX Corps (United Kingdom)|XX Corps]] and [[Desert Mounted Corps]], against the central [[Ottoman Army|Ottoman]] defences protecting the Gaza to Beersheba Road. ** Militants from Trotsky's committee join with trusty Bolshevik soldiers, to seize government buildings and pounce on members of the provisional government. * [[November 7]] ** (N.S.) ([[October 25]], O.S.) – [[October Revolution]] in Russia: The workers of the [[St. Petersburg|Petrograd]] [[Workers' council|Soviet]] in Russia, led by the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Bolshevik Party]] and leader [[Vladimir Lenin]], storm the [[Winter Palace]] and successfully destroy the [[Alexander Kerensky|Kerensky]] [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional Government]] after less than eight months of rule. This immediately triggers the [[Russian Civil War]]. ** [[History of Iran|Iran]] (which has provided weapons for Russia) refuses to support the [[Allies of World War II|Allied Forces]] after the [[October Revolution]]. ** WWI – [[Third Battle of Gaza]]: The British Army [[XXI Corps (United Kingdom)|XXI Corps]] occupies [[Gaza City|Gaza]], after the [[Ottoman Army|Ottoman]] garrison withdraws. ** WWI: The [[Battle of Hareira and Sheria]] continues, when the [[XX Corps (United Kingdom)|XX Corps]] and [[Desert Mounted Corps]] capture Hareira and Sheria, marking the end of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Gaza to Beersheba line. ** [[Women's suffrage in the United States|Women's Suffrage in the United States]]: Women win the right to vote in New York State.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Suffrage Wins by 100,000 in State; Kings by 32,640|date=November 7, 1917|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|page=1}}</ref> * [[November 8]] (N.S.) ([[October 26]], O.S.) – Following the [[October Revolution]], [[Alexandra Kollontai]] is appointed [[People's Commissar]] for Social Welfare in the [[Council of People's Commissars]] of the [[Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]], the first woman [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] [[Minister (government)|minister]] in Europe. * [[November 13]] – WWI: ** [[Battle of Mughar Ridge]]: The British Imperial [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] attacks retreating Ottoman-German [[Yildirim Army Group]] forces, resulting in the capture of 10,000 [[Ottoman Army|Ottoman]] prisoners, 100 guns and {{convert|50|mi|km}} of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] territory. ** The [[ANZAC Mounted Division]] ([[Desert Mounted Corps]]) successfully fights the [[Battle of Ayun Kara]], in the aftermath of the [[Battle of Mughar Ridge]] against strong [[German Empire|German]] rearguards. * [[November 15]] ** [[Night of Terror (event)|"Night of Terror"]] in the United States: Influential suffragettes from the [[Silent Sentinels]] are deliberately subjected to physical assaults by guards while imprisoned. ** The [[Parliament of Finland]] passes another "Sovereignty Act", dissolving Russian sovereignty over Finland and effectively declaring Finland independent. ** (N.S.) ([[November 2]], O.S.) – The [[Estonian Provincial Assembly|Provincial Assembly]] of the [[Autonomous Governorate of Estonia]] declares itself the highest legal body in [[Estonia]], in opposition to [[Bolshevik]]s. * [[November 16]] ** WWI: [[Battle of Ayun Kara]]: The [[ANZAC Mounted Division]] occupies [[Jaffa]]. ** [[Georges Clemenceau]] becomes prime minister of France. * [[November 17]] ** WWI: [[Action of 17 November 1917]]: United States Navy [[destroyer]]s [[USS Fanning (DD-37)|USS ''Fanning'']] and [[USS Nicholson (DD-52)|USS ''Nicholson'']] capture [[Imperial German Navy]] [[U-boat]] [[SM U-58|SM ''U-58'']] off the south-west coast of Ireland, the first combat action in which U.S. ships take a submarine (which is then [[scuttled]]). ** WWI: The [[Battle of Jerusalem (1917)]] begins, with the British Imperial [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] launching attacks against [[Ottoman Army|Ottoman]] forces in the [[Judean Hills]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The British Dominions Year Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vl8yAQAAMAAJ|year=1922|publisher=British Dominions General Insurance Company|page=107}}</ref> ** The [[People's Dispensary for Sick Animals]] is founded in the United Kingdom. * [[November 19]] – WWI: [[Battle of Caporetto]] ends with Austrian and German forces driving the Italian army to retreat 150 kilometres south to the Piave river. The Italians lose 13,000 killed, 30,000 wounded, around 270,000 taken prisoner (mostly willingly) and 50,000 [[Desertion|deserted]]; the government of [[Paolo Boselli]] collapses on November 29. * [[November 20]] ** WWI: [[Battle of Cambrai (1917)|Battle of Cambrai]] – British forces, using [[tank]]s, make early progress in an attack on German positions, but are soon beaten back. ** [[Ukraine]] is [[Third Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council|declared]] [[Ukrainian People's Republic|a republic]]. * [[November 22]] – In [[Montreal]], Quebec, Canada, the [[National Hockey Association]] suspends operations. * [[November 23]] – The [[Bolsheviks]] release the full text of the previously secret [[Sykes–Picot Agreement]] of [[1916]] in ''[[Izvestia]]'' and ''[[Pravda]]''; it is printed in the ''[[Manchester Guardian]]'' on [[November 26]]. * [[November 24]] – A bomb kills 9 members of the [[Milwaukee Police Department]], the most deaths in a single event in U.S. police history (until the [[September 11 attacks]] in [[2001]]). * [[November 25]] – WWI: [[Battle of Ngomano]] – German forces defeat a Portuguese army of about 1,200 at [[Negomano]], on the border of modern-day [[Mozambique]] and [[Tanzania]]. * [[November 26]] – The [[National Hockey League]] is formed in Montreal, as a replacement for the recently disbanded [[National Hockey Association]]. * [[November 28]] – WWI: The [[Bolsheviks]] offer peace terms to the [[German Empire|Germans]]. === December === {{main|December 1917}} * [[December]] – [[Annie Besant]] becomes president of the [[Indian National Congress]]. * [[December 3]] – After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, the [[Quebec Bridge]] opens to traffic (the bridge partially collapsed on [[August 29]], 1907 and [[September 11]], 1916). [[File:Senate1917.jpg|thumb|The [[Senate of Finland]] in 1917]] * [[December 6]] ** The [[Senate of Finland]] officially declares the [[Independence of Finland|country's independence]] from [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. ** [[Halifax Explosion]]: Two freighters collide in [[Halifax Harbour]] at [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], and cause a huge explosion that kills at least 1,963 people, injures 9,000 and destroys part of the city (the biggest man-made explosion in recorded history until the [[Trinity (nuclear test)|Trinity]] [[nuclear weapons testing|nuclear test]] in 1945). ** WWI: [[U.S. Navy]] [[destroyer]] {{USS|Jacob Jones|DD-61|6}} is torpedoed and sunk in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] south west of the British Isles by German submarine {{SMU|U-53||2}}, killing 66 crew in the first significant American naval loss of the war,<ref>{{cite DANFS|author=[[Naval History & Heritage Command]]|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/j/jacob-jones-i.html|title=Jacob Jones|short=on|access-date=2025-01-09}}</ref> the first ever U.S. destroyer loss to an enemy. * [[December 9]] – WWI: ** [[Battle of Jerusalem (1917)|Battle of Jerusalem]]: The British [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] accepts the surrender of [[Jerusalem]] by the mayor, [[Hussein al-Husayni]], following the effective defeat of the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-German [[Yildirim Army Group]]. ** The [[Kingdom of Romania]] signs the [[Armistice of Focșani]] with the [[Central Powers]]. * [[December 11]] – WWI: General [[Edmund Allenby]] leads units of the British [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] into [[Jerusalem]] on foot through, the [[Jaffa Gate]]. * [[December 17]] – The ''[[Raad van Vlaanderen (World War I)|Raad van Vlaanderen]]'' proclaims the independence of [[Flanders]] from German-occupied Belgium. * [[December 20]] (N.S.) ([[December 7]], O.S.) – The [[Cheka]], a predecessor to the [[KGB]], is established in Russia. * [[December 23]] (N.S.) ([[December 10]], O.S.) – A local plebiscite supports transferring [[Narva]] and [[Ivangorod]] (''Jaanilinn'') from the [[Petrograd Governorate]], to the [[Autonomous Governorate of Estonia]]. * [[December 25]] – [[Jesse Lynch Williams]]'s ''[[Why Marry?]]'', the first play to win a [[Pulitzer Prize]], opens at the [[Astor Theatre, New York City]]. * [[December 26]] – United States President [[Woodrow Wilson]] uses the Federal Possession and Control Act to place most U.S. railroads under the [[United States Railroad Administration]], hoping to transport troops and materials for the war effort more efficiently. * [[December 30]] – WWI: The British [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] secures the victory at the [[Battle of Jerusalem (1917)#Defence of Jerusalem|Battle of Jerusalem]], by successfully defending Jerusalem from numerous counterattacks by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-German [[Yildirim Army Group]]. === Date unknown === * The first edition of the [[World Book Encyclopedia]] – simply known as The World Book – is published by the Hanson-Roach-Fowler Company,<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-World-Book-Encyclopedia Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-04-19]</ref> and is one of the first American encyclopedias to cover the major areas of knowledge to a mass audience. * The [[True Jesus Church]] is established in Beijing. == Births == {{BDToC|births}} === January === [[File:Eiganotomo-janewyman-dec1953.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Jane Wyman]]]] [[File:Ernest Borgnine McHale McHale's Navy 1962.JPG|120px|thumb|[[Ernest Borgnine]]]] [[File:Janio Quadros.png|thumb|120px|[[Jânio Quadros]]]] [[File:Louis Zamperini at announcement of 2015 Tournament of Roses Grand Marshal.JPG|120px|thumb|[[Louis Zamperini]]]] * [[January 2]] ** [[Vera Zorina]], Norwegian dancer, actress (d. [[2003]]) ** [[K. M. Mathew]], Indian newspaper editor (d. [[2010]]) * [[January 3]] ** [[Liu Zhonghua]], Chinese military officer (d. [[2018]]) ** [[D. J. Finney]], British statistician (d. [[2018]]) * [[January 5]] ** [[Adolfo Consolini]], Italian discus thrower (d. [[1969]]) ** [[Lucienne Day]], British textile designer (d. [[2010]]) ** [[Francis L. Kellogg]], American diplomat, prominent socialite (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Jane Wyman]], American actress, philanthropist, and first wife of [[Ronald Reagan]] (d. [[2007]]) * [[January 6]] – [[Koo Chen-fu]], [[Nationalist Chinese]] negotiator (d. [[2005]]) * [[January 10]] ** [[Saul Cherniack]], Canadian politician, lawyer (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Jerry Wexler]], American record producer (d. [[2008]]) * [[January 12]] – [[Jimmy Skinner]], American hockey coach (d. [[2007]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/14/sports/hockey/14skinner.html|title=Jimmy Skinner, 90, Coach of Red Wings, Dies|date=July 14, 2007|website=New York Times|access-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> * [[January 15]] – [[K. A. Thangavelu]], Indian film actor, comedian (d. [[1994]]) * [[January 17]] – [[M. G. Ramachandran]], Tamil Nadu chief minister, actor (d. [[1987]]) * [[January 21]] – [[Erling Persson]], Swedish businessman, founder of [[H&M]] (d. [[2002]]) * [[January 24]] – [[Ernest Borgnine]], American actor (d. [[2012]]) * [[January 25]] ** [[Ilya Prigogine]], Russian-born physicist, chemist, and recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (d. [[2003]]) ** [[Jânio Quadros]], 22nd [[President of Brazil]] (d. [[1992]]) * [[January 26]] – [[Louis Zamperini]], American prisoner of war (World War II), Olympic distance athlete (1936), and Christian evangelist (d. [[2014]])<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chawkins, Steve |last2=Thursby, Keith |date=3 July 2014 |title=Louis Zamperini dies at 97; Olympic track star and WWII hero |work=Los Angeles Times |department=Obituary |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-louis-zamperini-20140704-story.html#page=1 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> * [[January 29]] – [[John Raitt]], American actor, singer (d. [[2005]]) === February === [[File:Zsa Zsa Gabor - 1959.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Zsa Zsa Gabor]]]] [[File:Yahya Khan (cropped version).jpg|thumb|120px|''[[Agha (title)|Agha]]'' [[Yahya Khan]], [[President of Pakistan]]]] * [[February 2]] – [[Đỗ Mười]], Vietnamese leader (d. [[2018]]) * [[February 3]] – [[Shlomo Goren]], Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel (d. [[1994]]) * [[February 4]] – [[Yahya Khan]], 3rd [[President of Pakistan]] (d. [[1980]]) * [[February 5]] – [[Isuzu Yamada]], Japanese actress (d. [[2012]]) * [[February 6]] ** [[John Franzese]], Italian-born American prisoner (d. [[2020]]) ** [[Zsa Zsa Gabor]], Hungarian-born actress (d. [[2016]]) * [[February 9]] – [[Joseph Conombo]], [[Prime Minister of Upper Volta]] (d. [[2008]]) * [[February 11]] ** [[T. Nagi Reddy]], Indian revolutionary (d. [[1976]]) ** [[Sidney Sheldon]], American author, television writer (d. [[2007]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Scot Peacock|title=Contemporary Authors New Revision Series|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2DK9CXyIIkC|date=October 2001|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-0-7876-4609-7|page=404}}</ref> * [[February 14]] – [[Herbert A. Hauptman]], American mathematician, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (d. [[2011]])<ref>{{cite news|last=Grimes|first=William|title=Herbert A. Hauptman, Nobel Laureate, Dies at 94|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/us/herbert-a-hauptman-nobel-winning-mathematician-dies-at-94.html?_r=1|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 24, 2011}}</ref> * [[February 17]] ** [[Abdel Rahman Badawi]], Egyptian [[existentialist]] philosopher (d. [[2002]]) ** [[Whang-od]], Filipino ''mambabatok'' or tattoo artist * [[February 18]] – [[Tuulikki Pietilä]], Finnish artist (d. [[2009]]) * [[February 19]] – [[Carson McCullers]], American author (d. [[1967]]) * [[February 20]] – [[Juan Vicente Torrealba]], Venezuelan harpist, composer (d. [[2019]]) * [[February 21]] – [[Lucille Bremer]], American actress, dancer (d. [[1996]]) * [[February 23]] – [[Abdelmunim Al-Rifai]], 2-time prime minister of Jordan (d. [[1985]]) * [[February 25]] ** [[Anthony Burgess]], English author (d. [[1993]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=A brief life - The International Anthony Burgess Foundation |url=https://www.anthonyburgess.org/about-anthony-burgess/burgess-a-brief-life/ |website=The International Anthony Burgess Foundation |access-date=27 December 2016}}</ref> ** [[Brenda Joyce (actress)|Brenda Joyce]], American actress (d. [[2009]]) * [[February 27]] ** [[John Connally]], Governor of Texas (d. [[1993]]) ** [[Laine Mesikäpp]], Estonian actress, singer and folk song collector (d. [[2012]]) * [[February 28]] – [[Ernesto Alonso]], Mexican actor, director, cinematographer, and producer (d. [[2007]]) === March === [[File:Dinah Shore - promo.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Dinah Shore]]]] [[File:Desi Arnaz 1950.JPG|thumb|120px|[[Desi Arnaz]]]] [[File:Vera Lynn (1962).jpg|thumb|120px|Dame [[Vera Lynn]]]] <!--[[File:VirginiaGrey.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Virginia Grey]]]]--> [[File:CyrusVanceSoS.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Cyrus Vance]]]] * [[March 1]] ** [[Robert Lowell]], American poet (d. [[1977]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Francis Parkinson|title=Robert Lowell; a Collection of Critical Essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvdaAAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Prentice-Hall|page=12}}</ref> ** [[Dinah Shore]], American singer (d. [[1994]]) ** [[Thanjavur K. P. Sivanandam]], [[Carnatic Music|Carnatic]] [[veena]] player and a descendant of the [[Thanjavur Quartet|Tanjore Quartet]] (d. [[2003]]) * [[March 2]] ** [[Desi Arnaz]], Cuban-born American actor, bandleader, musician, and television producer; co-founder of [[Desilu Productions]] (d. [[1986]]) ** [[Babiker Awadalla]], 8th [[Prime Minister of Sudan]] (d. [[2019]]) ** [[Max Webb]], Polish-American real estate developer and philanthropist (d. [[2018]]) * [[March 3]] – [[Sameera Moussa]], Egyptian nuclear scientist (d. [[1952]]) * [[March 5]] – [[Raymond P. Shafer]], 39th [[Governor of Pennsylvania]] (d. [[2006]]) * [[March 6]] ** [[Samael Aun Weor]], Colombian writer (d. [[1977]]) ** [[Donald Davidson (philosopher)|Donald Davidson]], American philosopher (d. [[2003]]) ** [[Will Eisner]], American cartoonist (d. [[2005]]) * [[March 12]] ** [[Giovanni Benedetti]], Italian Catholic prelate (d. [[2017]]) ** [[Leonard Chess]], Polish-American record company executive, co-founder of [[Chess Records]] (d. [[1969]]) ** [[Googie Withers]], British actress (d. [[2011]]) * [[March 16]] – [[Mehrdad Pahlbod]], Iranian royal and politician (d. [[2018]]) * [[March 18]] – [[Mircea Ionescu-Quintus]], Romanian politician (d. [[2017]]) * [[March 19]] ** [[Dinu Lipatti]], Romanian pianist (d. [[1950]]) ** [[Sardon Jubir]], Malaysian politician (d. [[1985]]) * [[March 20]] ** [[Haddon Donald]], New Zealand Army Lieutenant Colonel and politician (d. [[2018]]) ** Dame [[Vera Lynn]], English actress, singer (d. [[2020]]) * [[March 21]] – [[Yigael Yadin]], Israeli archeologist, politician, and Military Chief of Staff (d. [[1984]]) * [[March 22]] – [[Virginia Grey]], American actress (d. [[2004]]) * [[March 24]] ** [[Constantine Andreou]], Brazilian-Greek artist (d. [[2007]]) ** [[John Kendrew]], British molecular biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (d. [[1997]]) * [[March 26]] – [[Rufus Thomas]], American singer (d. [[2001]]) * [[March 27]] – [[Cyrus Vance]], American politician (d. [[2002]]) === April === [[File:Robert Bloch with His Award.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Robert Bloch]]]] <!--[[File:Robert Woodward Nobel.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Robert Burns Woodward]]]]--> [[File:Ella Fitzgerald (Gottlieb 02871).jpg|thumb|120px|[[Ella Fitzgerald]]]] * [[April 1]] – [[Sydney Newman]], Canadian-born television producer (d. [[1997]]) * [[April 5]] – [[Robert Bloch]], American writer (d. [[1994]]) * [[April 7]] ** [[R. G. Armstrong]], American actor (d. [[2012]]) ** [[Mongo Santamaría]], Cuban jazz musician (d. [[2003]]) * [[April 8]] – [[Hubertus Ernst]], Dutch Roman Catholic prelate (d. [[2017]]) * [[April 9]] ** [[Brad Dexter]], American actor (d. [[2002]]) ** [[Vincent O'Brien]], Irish racehorse trainer (d. [[2009]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZ7EB2HZWXA|format=video|title=Vincent O'Brien – Greatest Racehorse Trainer Of All Time?|date=April 22, 2022 |publisher=World Horse Racing|accessdate=2023-03-23}}</ref> * [[April 10]] – [[Robert Burns Woodward]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1979]]) * [[April 11]] – [[Morton Sobell]], American spy (d. [[2018]]) * [[April 12]] – [[Džemal Bijedić]], Yugoslav politician (d. [[1977]]) * [[April 13]] ** [[Bill Clements]], Governor of Texas (d. [[2011]]) ** [[Li Rui (politician)|Li Rui]], Chinese Communist Party politician (d. [[2019]]) * [[April 14]] – [[Valerie Hobson]], British actress (d. [[1998]]) * [[April 15]] – [[Hans Conried]], American actor (d. [[1982]]) * [[April 16]] – [[Barry Nelson]], American actor (d. [[2007]]) * [[April 22]] – [[Yvette Chauviré]], French ballerina (d. [[2016]]) * [[April 23]] – [[Dorian Leigh]], American model (d. [[2008]]) * [[April 24]] – [[Song Ping]], Chinese communist revolutionary and former politician. * [[April 25]] – [[Ella Fitzgerald]], American jazz singer (d. [[1996]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Ella Fitzgerald {{!}} Biography, Music, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ella-Fitzgerald |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=26 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref> * [[April 26]] – [[I. M. Pei]], Chinese-born architect (d. [[2019]]) * [[April 28]] – [[Minoru Chiaki]], Japanese actor (d. [[1999]]) * [[April 29]] ** [[Bernard Blossac]], French [[fashion illustrator]] (d. [[2002]]) ** [[Maya Deren]], Russian-American experimental filmmaker (d. [[1961]]) ** [[Celeste Holm]], American actress (d. [[2012]]) === May === <!--[[File:Danielle Darrieux Five Fingers 2.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Danielle Darrieux]]]]--> <!--[[File:Mary Poppins4.jpg|thumb|120px|[[David Tomlinson]]]]--> [[File:Raymond-Burr-1968-cropped.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Raymond Burr]]]] [[File:John F. Kennedy, White House color photo portrait.jpg|thumb|120px|[[John F. Kennedy]]]] * [[May 1]] ** [[John Beradino]], American baseball player and actor, best known for his role in ''[[General Hospital]]'' (d. [[1996]]) ** [[Ulric Cross]], Trinidadian judge, diplomat and war hero (d. [[2013]]) ** [[Danielle Darrieux]], French singer, actress (d. [[2017]]) ** [[Fyodor Khitruk]], Russian animator (d. [[2012]]) * [[May 3]] ** [[José Del Vecchio]], Venezuelan physician, youth baseball promoter (d. [[1990]]) ** [[George Gaynes]], Finland-born American actor (d. [[2016]]) ** [[Kiro Gligorov]], 1st [[President of the Republic of Macedonia]] (d. [[2012]]) * [[May 6]] – [[Morihiro Higashikuni]], Japanese prince (d. [[1969]]) * [[May 7]] – [[David Tomlinson]], English actor (d. [[2000]]) * [[May 12]] – [[Frank Clair]], Canadian football coach (d. [[2005]]) * [[May 14]] – [[Lou Harrison]], American composer (d. [[2003]]) * [[May 15]] – [[Jerzy Duszyński (actor)|Jerzy Duszyński]], Polish actor (d. [[1978]]) * [[May 16]] – [[Juan Rulfo]], Mexican writer, photographer (d. [[1986]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Nuala Finnegan|author2=Dylan Brennan|title=Rethinking Juan Rulfo's Creative World: Prose, Photography, Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gtIeDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51|date=5 May 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-19606-8|pages=51}}</ref> * [[May 20]] – [[Bergur Sigurbjörnsson]], Icelandic politician (d. [[2005]]) * [[May 21]] – [[Raymond Burr]], Canadian actor, best known for his role in ''[[Perry Mason (1957 TV series)|Perry Mason]]'' (d. [[1993]]) * [[May 22]] – [[Georg Tintner]], Austrian conductor (d. [[1999]]) * [[May 24]] – [[Florence Knoll]], American architect, furniture designer (d. [[2019]]) * [[May 28]] ** [[Papa John Creach]], African-American fiddler (d. [[1994]]) ** [[Marshall Reed]], American film, television actor (d. [[1980]]) * [[May 29]] – [[John F. Kennedy]], 35th [[President of the United States]] (d. [[1963]]) * [[May 31]] – [[Zilka Salaberry]], Brazilian actress (d. [[2005]]) === June === [[File:Dean Martin - publicity.JPG|thumb|120px|[[Dean Martin]]]] [[File:Eric Hobsbawm.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Eric Hobsbawm]]]] [[File:Susan Hayward - 1940s.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Susan Hayward]]]] <!--[[File:Lena Horne 1955.JPG|120px|thumb|[[Lena Horne]]]]--> * [[June 1]] – [[William S. Knowles]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2012]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/16/science/william-s-knowles-dies-at-84-shared-nobel-prize-in-chemistry.html|title=William Knowles, Nobel Winner in Chemistry, Dies at 95|date=June 15, 2012|work=The New York Times}}</ref> * [[June 4]] – [[Robert Merrill]], American baritone (d. [[2004]]) * [[June 6]] – [[Kirk Kerkorian]], Armenian-American businessman, billionaire (d. [[2015]]) * [[June 7]] ** [[Gwendolyn Brooks]], African-American writer (d. [[2000]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Johnson Publishing Company|title=Jet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CbYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA18|date=18 December 2000|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|pages=18}}</ref> ** [[Dean Martin]], American actor, singer (d. [[1995]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Chase's Calendar of Events 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1NnUNBh6jIAC|date=September 2002|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0-07-139098-9|page=314}}</ref> * [[June 8]] – [[Byron White]], American [[American football|football player]] and [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[2002]]) * [[June 9]] – [[Eric Hobsbawm]], Egyptian-born British historian (d. [[2012]])<ref name="BBKprez">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbk.ac.uk/news_bkp/professor-eric-hobsbawm-1917-2012-magnificent-historian-colleague-and-friend|title=Eric Hobsbawm 1917-2012: Magnificent Historian and Colleague|work=Birkbeck, University of London|date=1 October 2012|access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref> * [[June 10]] – [[Ruari McLean]], Scottish-born typographer (d. [[2006]]) * [[June 13]] – [[Augusto Roa Bastos]], Paraguayan writer (d. [[2005]])<ref>{{cite book|author=David William Foster|title=Augusto Roa Bastos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yUgsAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Twayne|isbn=978-0-8057-6348-5|page=9}}</ref> * [[June 14]] ** [[Lise Nørgaard]], Danish journalist, writer (d. [[2023]]) ** [[Atle Selberg]], Norwegian mathematician (d. [[2007]]) * [[June 15]] – [[John Fenn (chemist)|John Fenn]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2010]]) * [[June 16]] ** [[Phaedon Gizikis]], President of Greece (d. [[1999]]) ** [[Katharine Graham]], American publisher (d. [[2001]])<ref>{{cite book|author=Gale Cengage|title=American Newspaper Publishers, 1950-1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r8oUAQAAIAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Gale Research|isbn=978-0-8103-5386-2|page=103}}</ref> ** [[Irving Penn]], American photographer (d. [[2009]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/08/arts/design/08penn.html?_r=1&hp|title=Irving Penn, Fashion Photographer, Is Dead at 92|last=Grundberg|first=Andy|date=2009-10-07|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2009-10-07}}</ref> * [[June 17]] – [[Huang Feili]], Chinese conductor, musical educator (d. [[2017]]) * [[June 18]] ** [[Richard Boone]], American actor (d. [[1981]]) ** [[Erik Ortvad]], Danish artist (d. [[2008]]) * [[June 24]] – [[Ahmad Sayyed Javadi]], Iranian lawyer, political activist and politician (d. [[2013]]) * [[June 25]] ** [[Nils Karlsson]], Swedish Olympic cross-country skier (d. [[2012]]) ** [[Claude Seignolle]], French author (d. [[2018]]) * [[June 26]] – [[Idriz Ajeti]], Albanian albanologist (d. [[2019]]) * [[June 29]] – [[Ling Yun (politician)|Ling Yun]], Chinese politician (d. [[2018]]) * [[June 30]] ** [[Susan Hayward]], American actress (d. [[1975]]) ** [[Lena Horne]], American singer, actress (d. [[2010]]) === July === [[File:Reg Smyth from a family photograph owned by the Smyth family 2007..jpg|thumb|120px|[[Reg Smythe]]]] [[File:Robert Conquest (cropped).jpg|120px|thumb|[[Robert Conquest]]]] [[File:Phyllis Diller Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Phyllis Diller]]]] <!--[[File:Kenan Evren.png|thumb|120px|[[Kenan Evren]]]]--> <!--[[File:Henri Salvador tybaut.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Henri Salvador]]]]--> <!--[[File:Adam Malik Batubara Official Portrait.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Adam Malik]]]]--> * [[July 1]] ** [[Shyam Saran Negi]], Indian schoolteacher (d. [[2022]]) ** [[Virginia Dale]], American actress, dancer (d. [[1994]]) ** [[Álvaro Domecq y Díez]], Spanish aristocrat (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Naji Talib]], Prime Minister of Iraq (d. [[2012]]) * [[July 2]] – [[André Lafargue]], French journalist, resistance fighter (d. [[2017]]) * [[July 4]] – [[Manolete]], Spanish bullfighter (d. [[1947]]) * [[July 6]] ** [[Heribert Barrera]], Spanish chemist, politician (d. [[2011]]) ** [[Arthur Lydiard]], New Zealand runner, athletics coach (d. [[2004]]) * [[July 7]] ** [[Larry O'Brien]], American politician, former NBA commissioner (d. [[1990]]) ** [[Fidel Sánchez Hernández]], [[President of El Salvador]] (d. [[2003]]) * [[July 9]] ** [[Krystyna Dańko]], Polish orphan, survivor of the Holocaust (d. [[2019]]) ** [[Peter Moyes]], Australian educator (d. [[2007]]) * [[July 10]] ** [[Şeref Alemdar]], Turkish basketball player (d. unknown) ** [[Dayton S. Mak]], U.S. diplomat (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Reg Smythe]], English cartoonist (d. [[1998]]) * [[July 11]] – [[Per Carleson]], Swedish épée fencer (d. [[2004]]) * [[July 12]] ** [[Luigi Gorrini]], Italian soldier, pilot (d. [[2014]]) ** [[Andrew Wyeth]], American painter (d. [[2009]]) ** [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]], Indian statesman (d. [[2006]]) * [[July 15]] ** [[Robert Conquest]], British historian (d. [[2015]])<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=The Soviet Union: Internal Dynamics of Foreign Policy, Present and Future : Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, First Session ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GCqAvaonwOoC&pg=RA1-PA328|year=1978|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|isbn=978-0-522-85705-4|pages=328}}</ref> ** [[Reidar Liaklev]], Norwegian speed skater (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Joan Roberts]], American actress (d. [[2012]]) * [[July 17]] ** [[Gus Arriola]], Mexican-American comic strip cartoonist, animator (d. [[2008]]) ** [[Phyllis Diller]], American actress, comedian (d. [[2012]]) ** [[Kenan Evren]], 7th [[President of Turkey]] (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Generoso Jiménez]], Cuban trombone player (d. [[2007]]) ** [[Nur Muhammad Taraki]], Afghan revolutionary communist politician, journalist and writer (d. [[1979]]) * [[July 18]] ** [[Henri Salvador]], French singer (d. [[2008]]) ** [[Paul Streeten]], Austrian-born British economics professor (d. [[2019]]) * [[July 19]] – [[William Scranton]], American politician (d. [[2013]]) * [[July 20]] – [[Paul Hubschmid]], Swiss actor (d. [[2001]]) * [[July 21]] ** [[Alan B. Gold]], Canadian lawyer, jurist (d. [[2005]]) ** [[Sidney Leviss]], American Democratic politician (d. [[2007]]) * [[July 22]] ** [[Larry Hooper]], American singer, musician (d. [[1983]]) ** [[Adam Malik]], 3rd Vice President of Indonesia (d. [[1984]]) * [[July 23]] ** [[Charles Kerruish]], Manx politician (d. [[2003]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tynwald.org.im/tynwald/biographies/kerruish-hc.pdf |title=Kerruish, Henry Charles |date=2011-11-03 |publisher=www.tynwald.org |accessdate=2011-11-03|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414184124/http://www.tynwald.org.im/tynwald/biographies/kerruish-hc.pdf |archivedate=2012-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brainyhistory.com/daysbirth/birth_july_23.html |title=July 23 Birthdays in History |publisher=Brainyhistory.com |date= |accessdate=2012-02-13}}</ref> ** [[Omar Yoke Lin Ong]], Malaysian politician, diplomat and businessman (d. [[2010]]) * [[July 24]] – [[Henri Betti]], French composer, pianist (d. [[2005]]) * [[July 25]] – [[Fritz Honegger]], 79th president of Switzerland (d. [[1999]]) * [[July 26]] – [[Lorna Gray]], American actress (d. [[2017]]) * [[July 27]] – [[Wu Zhonghua]], Chinese physicist, pioneered [[three-dimensional flow]] theory (d. [[1992]]) * [[July 30]] – [[Keith Rae (footballer)|Keith Rae]], Australian rules footballer (d. [[2021]]) === August === [[File:Robert Mitchum.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Robert Mitchum]]]] <!--[[File:MARJORIEReynolds.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Marjorie Reynolds]]]]--> <!--[[File:Portrait officiel de William French Smith.jpg|thumb|120px|[[William French Smith]]]]--> [[File:Jack-Kirby art-of-jack-kirby wyman-skaar.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Jack Kirby]]]] [[File:Denis Healey.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Denis Healey]]]] * [[August 6]] – [[Robert Mitchum]], American actor (d. [[1997]]) * [[August 7]] – [[Raja Perempuan Zainab]], Queen of Malaysia (d. [[1993]]) * [[August 8]] – [[Earl Cameron (actor)|Earl Cameron]], Bermudian actor (d. [[2020]]) * [[August 9]] – [[Jao Tsung-I]], Chinese-born Hong Kong scholar, poet, calligrapher and painter (d. [[2018]]) * [[August 11]] – [[Vasiľ Biľak]], Slovak Communist leader (d. [[2014]]) * [[August 12]] – [[Marjorie Reynolds]], American actress (d. [[1997]]) * [[August 15]] ** [[Jack Lynch]], 5th [[Taoiseach|Prime Minister of Ireland]] (d. [[1999]]) ** [[Óscar Romero]], [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] Roman Catholic Archbishop (d. [[1980]]) * [[August 17]] – [[Zvi Keren]], American-born Israeli pianist, musicologist and composer (d. [[2008]]) * [[August 18]] – [[Caspar Weinberger]], [[United States Secretary of Defense]] (d. [[2006]]) * [[August 21]] – [[Esther Cooper Jackson]], African-American civil rights activist (d. [[2022]]) * [[August 22]] – [[John Lee Hooker]], African-American musician (d. [[2001]]) * [[August 23]] ** [[Hu Chengzhi]], Chinese palaeontologist, palaeoanthropologist (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Miguel Alvarez del Toro]], Mexican biologist (d. [[1996]]) * [[August 25]] ** [[Mel Ferrer]], Cuban-American actor, film director, producer (d. [[2008]]) ** [[Lisbeth Movin]], Danish actress (d. [[2011]]) ** [[Lou van Burg]], Dutch television personality, game show host (d. [[1986]]) * [[August 26]] – [[William French Smith]], 74th [[United States Attorney General]] (d. [[1990]]) * [[August 28]] – [[Jack Kirby]], American comic book artist (d. [[1994]])<ref>{{cite web | url = http://kirbymuseum.org/biography | first1= Mark | last1= Evanier | author-link = Mark Evanier | first2=Steve| last2=Sherman | title = Jack Kirby Biography | publisher = Jack Kirby Museum & Research Center | access-date = February 24, 2012 | archive-date= September 17, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130917070658/http://kirbymuseum.org/biography/ | url-status=live|display-authors=etal| date= March 20, 2008 }}</ref> * [[August 29]] – [[Isabel Sanford]], African-American actress, best known for her role in ''[[The Jeffersons]]'' (d. [[2004]]) * [[August 30]] ** [[Denis Healey]], English politician, author (d. [[2015]]) ** [[Margaret Costa (food writer)|Margaret Costa]], British food writer (d. [[1999]]) === September === [[File:Ferdinand E. Marcos.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Ferdinand Marcos]]]] <!--[[File:June Foray 1952.JPG|120px|thumb|[[June Foray]]]]--> [[File:Fernando Rey.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Fernando Rey]]]] [[File:100 años del natalicio del Santo -i---i- (36184746106) (cropped).jpg|120px|thumb|[[El Santo]]]] * [[September 5]] – [[Pedro E. Guerrero]], American photographer (d. [[2012]]) * [[September 6]] – [[Philipp von Boeselager]], German Wehrmacht officer, failed assassin of Adolf Hitler (d. [[2008]])<ref>{{cite news|author=William Grimes|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/03/world/europe/03boeselager.html?scp=1&sq=Boeselager&st=nyt|title=Philipp von Boeselager, Who Attempted an Assassination of Hitler, Dies at 90|newspaper=New York Times|date=3 May 2008}}</ref> * [[September 7]] ** [[Xerardo Fernández Albor]], Spanish politician and physician (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Leonard Cheshire]], British war hero (d. [[1992]]) ** [[John Cornforth]], Australian chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[2013]]) ** [[Tetsuo Hamuro]], Japanese swimmer (d. [[2005]]) * [[September 9]] – [[Russell Hellman]], American politician and member of the [[Michigan House of Representatives]] from 1961 to 1980 (d. [[2004]]) * [[September 10]] – [[Miguel Serrano]], Chilean diplomat, explorer and journalist (d. [[2009]]) * [[September 11]] ** [[Donald Blakeslee]], American aviator (d. [[2008]]) ** [[Herbert Lom]], Czech-born British actor (d. [[2012]]) ** [[Ferdinand Marcos]], 10th [[President of the Philippines]] (d. [[1989]]) ** [[Jessica Mitford]], Anglo-American writer (d. [[1996]]) ** [[Daniel Wildenstein]], French art dealer, racehorse owner (d. [[2001]]) * [[September 17]] – [[Henry Pearce (politician)|Henry Pearce]], Australian politician (d. [[1992]]) * [[September 18]] – [[June Foray]], American voice actress (d. [[2017]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2017/jul/30/june-foray-obituary|title=June Foray obituary|date=July 30, 2017|author=Carlson, Michael|newspaper=[[The Guardian (newspaper)|The Guardian]]|access-date=March 19, 2018}}</ref> * [[September 20]] ** [[Red Auerbach]], American basketball coach, official (d. [[2006]]) ** [[Fernando Rey]], Spanish actor (d. [[1994]]) * [[September 22]] – [[Anna Campori]], Italian actress (d. [[2018]]) * [[September 23]] **[[Asima Chatterjee]], Indian chemist (d. [[2006]]) **[[El Santo]], Mexican professional wrestler and actor (d. [[1984]]) * [[September 24]] – [[Otto Günsche]], German general (d. [[2003]]) * [[September 26]] – [[Tran Duc Thao]], Vietnamese phenomenologist and Marxist philosopher (d. [[1993]]) * [[September 28]] – [[Wee Chong Jin]], Singaporean judge (d. [[2005]]) === October === [[File:June Allyson-publicity.jpg|120px|thumb|[[June Allyson]]]] [[File:Rodney Robert Porter.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Rodney Robert Porter]]]] [[File:Dizzy Gillespie01.JPG|120px|thumb|[[Dizzy Gillespie]]]] [[File:Joan Fontaine in The Women trailer.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Joan Fontaine]]]] * [[October 2]] ** [[Christian de Duve]], English-born biologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[2013]]) ** [[Charles Drake (actor)|Charles Drake]], American actor (d. [[1994]]) * [[October 6]] – [[Fannie Lou Hamer]], African-American civil rights activist (d. [[1977]]) * [[October 7]] – [[June Allyson]], American actress (d. [[2006]]) * [[October 8]] – [[Rodney Robert Porter]], English biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1985]]) * [[October 10]] – [[Thelonious Monk]], African-American jazz pianist (d. [[1982]]) * [[October 15]] – [[Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.]], American historian, political commentator (d. [[2007]]) * [[October 17]] ** [[Martin Donnelly (cricketer)|Martin Donnelly]], New Zealand cricketer (d. [[1999]]) ** [[Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1917)|Marsha Hunt]], American actress (d. [[2022]]) * [[October 19]] – [[Walter Munk]], Austrian-born American oceanographer (d. [[2019]]) * [[October 20]] ** [[Jean-Pierre Melville]], French film director, film producer, and screenwriter (d. [[1973]]) ** [[Stéphane Hessel]], French diplomat and writer (d. [[2013]]) ** [[X. M. Sellathambu]], Sri Lankan Tamil politician (d. [[1984]]) * [[October 21]] – [[Dizzy Gillespie]], African-American musician (d. [[1993]]) * [[October 22]] – [[Joan Fontaine]], British-born actress (d. [[2013]]) * [[October 24]] – [[Fang Huai]], Chinese military officer and major general of PLA (d. [[2019]]) * [[October 27]] – [[Oliver Tambo]], South African activist, revolutionary (d. [[1993]]) * [[October 28]] ** [[Shams Pahlavi]], Iranian royal (d. [[1996]]) ** [[Jack Soo]], Japanese-American actor (d. [[1979]]) * [[October 30]] ** [[Paul Eberhard]], Swiss bobsledder (d. [[1983]]) ** [[Maurice Trintignant]], French racing driver (d. [[2005]]) * [[October 31]] – [[Gordon Steege]], Australian military officer (d. [[2013]]) === November === [[File:Park Chung hee.jpg|120px|thumb|[[Park Chung Hee]]]] [[File:Pedro Infante in Habana, Cuba, c.1950s.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Pedro Infante]]]] [[File:Indira Gandhi in 1967.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Indira Gandhi]]]] * [[November 1]] – [[Erich Rudorffer]], German fighter ace (d. [[2016]]) * [[November 2]] ** [[Durward Knowles]], Bahamian sailor, Olympic champion (d. [[2018]]) ** [[Ann Rutherford]], Canadian actress (d. [[2012]]) * [[November 3]] – [[Chung Sze-yuen]], Hong Kong politician (d. [[2018]]) * [[November 4]] – [[Virginia Field]], British-born actress (d. [[1992]]) * [[November 5]] – [[Jacqueline Auriol]], French aviator (d. [[2000]]) * [[November 10]] – [[Koun Wick]], Cambodian statesman and diplomat (d. [[1999]]) * [[November 11]] – [[Madeleine Damerment]], French WWII heroine (d. [[1944]]) * [[November 12]] ** [[Hedley Jones]], Jamaican musician (d. [[2017]]) ** [[Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim]], Malaysian judge (d. [[2000]]) ** [[Jo Stafford]], American traditional pop singer (d. [[2008]]) * [[November 13]] – [[Infanta Alicia, Duchess of Calabria]], Austrian-born Spanish and Italian princess (d. [[2017]]) * [[November 14]] – [[Park Chung Hee]], 3rd [[president of South Korea]] (d. [[1979]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Korean Newsletter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OXUOAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA12-PP2|year=1979|publisher=Korean Information Office, Embassy of Korea|pages=12}}</ref> * [[November 18]] – [[Pedro Infante]], Mexican actor, singer (d. [[1957]]) * [[November 19]] – [[Indira Gandhi]], [[Prime Minister of India]] (d. [[1984]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Indira Gandhi |url=https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/profiles/indira-gandhi |website=Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers |access-date=28 July 2021 |language=en |date=16 February 2019}}</ref> * [[November 22]] – [[Andrew Huxley]], English scientist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[2012]]) * [[November 24]] – [[Shabtai Rosenne]], British-born Israeli diplomat, jurist (d. [[2010]]) * [[November 28]] ** [[Orville Rogers]], American pilot, competitive runner (d. [[2019]]) ** [[Xiang Shouzhi]], Chinese general (d. [[2017]]) * [[November 29]] – [[Pierre Gaspard-Huit]], French film director, screenwriter (d. [[2017]]) === December === <!--[[File:Hurd Hatfield 1945.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Hurd Hatfield]]]]--> [[File:Clarke.jpg|thumb|120px|Sir [[Arthur C. Clarke]]]] <!--[[File:Ossie Davis.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Ossie Davis]]]]--> [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F062164-0004, Bonn, Heinrich Böll.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Heinrich Böll]]]] [[File:Sir Ellis Clarke (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|120px|[[Ellis Clarke]]]] * [[December 5]] – [[Wenche Foss]], Norwegian actress (d. [[2011]]) * [[December 6]] – [[Kamal Jumblatt]], leader of the Lebanese Druze (d. [[1977]]) * [[December 7]] – [[Hurd Hatfield]], American actor (d. [[1998]]) * [[December 8]] – [[Ian Johnson (cricketer)|Ian Johnson]], Australian cricketer (d. [[1998]]) * [[December 9]] – [[James Rainwater]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1986]]) * [[December 10]] – Sultan [[Yahya Petra of Kelantan]], King of Malaysia (d. [[1979]]) * [[December 11]] – [[Mien Sondakh]], Indonesian actress and singer (d. [[1998]]) * [[December 15]] – [[Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee]], Pakistani poet, author and lexicographer (d. [[2005]]) * [[December 16]] ** Sir [[Arthur C. Clarke]], English science-fiction author, best known for co-writing the screenplay of ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]'' (d. [[2008]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Arthur C. Clarke {{!}} Biography, Works, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Arthur-C-Clarke |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=13 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ** [[Beatrice Wright (psychologist)|Beatrice Wright]], American psychologist (d. [[2018]]) * [[December 18]] – [[Ossie Davis]], African-American actor, film director and activist (d. [[2005]]) * [[December 19]] – [[Paul Brinegar]], American actor (d. [[1995]]) * [[December 20]] ** [[David Bohm]], American-born physicist, philosopher and neuropsychologist (d. [[1992]]) ** [[Petrus Hugo]], South African [[Second World War|WWII]] fighter pilot (d. [[1986]]) ** [[Audrey Totter]], American actress (d. [[2013]]) * [[December 21]] – [[Heinrich Böll]], German writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1985]])<ref>{{cite book|title=European Writers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o4hZAAAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Scribner|isbn=978-0-684-16594-3|page=3165}}</ref> * [[December 22]] – [[Marthe Gosteli]], Swiss women's suffrage campaigner (d. [[2017]]) * [[December 24]] ** [[Kim Jong-suk]] is the wife of [[Kim Il-sung]]And She was a freedom fighter and a politician * [[December 25]] ** [[Lincoln Verduga Loor]], Ecuadorian journalist, politician (d. [[2009]]) ** [[Arseny Mironov]], Russian scientist, engineer and pilot (d. [[2019]]) * [[December 28]] – [[Ellis Clarke]], 1st [[President of Trinidad and Tobago]] (d. [[2010]]) * [[December 29]] – [[Ramanand Sagar]], Indian film director (d. [[2005]]) * [[December 30]] – [[Seymour Melman]], American industrial engineer (d. [[2004]]) * [[December 31]] – [[Suzy Delair]], French actress, singer (d. [[2020]]) ===Date unknown=== * [[Hazza' al-Majali]], 22nd & 32nd [[Prime Minister of Jordan]] (d. [[1960]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Middle East Record|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4lDVAAAAMAAJ|year=1960|publisher=Israel Oriental Society, Reuven Shiloah Research Center|page=324}}</ref> == Deaths == === January–March === [[File:Cody-Buffalo-Bill-LOC.jpg|thumb|120px|[[Buffalo Bill|Buffalo Bill Cody]]]] [[File:Bildnis Ferdinand von Zeppelin.png|thumb|110px|[[Ferdinand von Zeppelin]]]] [[File:Emil von Behring sitzend.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Emil von Behring]]]] * [[January 2]] – [[Edward Burnett Tylor|Sir Edward Tylor]], English anthropologist (b. [[1832]]) * [[January 4]] – [[Frederick Selous]], British explorer (b. [[1851]]) * [[January 6]] ** [[Frederick William Borden|Sir Frederick Borden]], Canadian politician (b. [[1847]]) **[[Hendrick Peter Godfried Quack]], Dutch economist, historian (b. [[1834]]) * [[January 8]] – [[Mary Arthur McElroy]], ''de facto'' [[First Lady of the United States]] (b. [[1841]]) * [[January 10]] – [[Buffalo Bill]], American frontiersman (b. [[1846]]) * [[January 16]] – [[George Dewey]], U.S. admiral (b. [[1837]]) * [[January 18]] – [[Andrew Murray (minister)|Andrew Murray]], South African author, educationist and pastor (b. [[1828]]) *[[January 28]] – [[Yikuang]], Prince Qing of the First Rank (b. [[1838]]) * [[January 29]] – [[Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer]], British diplomat and colonial administrator (b. [[1841]])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grigg |first=John |title=Lloyd George: From Peace To War 1912-16 |publisher=Penguin |year=2002 |orig-year=1985 |isbn=0-140-28426-5| page=436}}</ref> * [[February 3]] – [[Alexey Abaza]], Russian admiral and politician (b. [[1853]]) * [[February 5]] – [[Jaber II Al-Sabah]], [[Emir of Kuwait]] (b. [[1860]]) * [[February 8]] – [[Anton Haus]], Austro-Hungarian admiral (b. [[1851]]) * [[February 10]] – [[John William Waterhouse]], Italian-born English artist (b. [[1849]]) * [[February 16]] – [[Octave Mirbeau]], French art critic and novelist (b. [[1848]]) * [[February 17]] – [[Carolus-Duran]], French painter (b. [[1837]]) * [[February 21]] ** [[Joaquín Dicenta]], Spanish writer (b. [[1862]]) ** [[Fred Mace]], American actor (b. [[1878]]) * [[March 5]] – [[Manuel de Arriaga]], 1st [[President of Portugal]] (b. [[1840]]) * [[March 6]] – [[Jules Vandenpeereboom]], 17th [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] (b. [[1843]]) * [[March 8]] – [[Ferdinand von Zeppelin]], German general and inventor (b. [[1838]])<ref>{{DNB portal|118636545}}</ref> *[[March 14]] – [[Robert Viren]], Imperial Russian Navy admiral (b. [[1857]]) * [[March 17]] – [[Franz Brentano]], German philosopher, psychologist (b. [[1838]]) * [[March 29]] – [[Maximilian von Prittwitz]], German general (b. [[1848]]) * [[March 31]] – [[Emil von Behring]], German winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1854]]) === April–June === [[File:Fried._Karl_of_Prussia_4910526328_a7eeec449b_o.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (1893–1917)|Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia]]]] [[File:José Manuel Pando.jpg|thumb|139x139px|[[Jose Manuel Pando]]]] [[File:Titu Maiorescu - Foto01.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Titu Maiorescu]]]] [[File:Frans Schollaert.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Frans Schollaert]]]] * [[April 1]] – [[Scott Joplin]], African-American ragtime composer, pianist (b. c.[[1868]]) * [[April 3]] – [[Milton Wright (bishop)|Milton Wright]], American bishop, father of the [[Wright brothers]] (b. [[1828]]) * [[April 6]] – [[Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia (1893–1917)|Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia]] (b. [[1893]]) * [[April 7]] – [[George Brown (missionary)|George Brown]], British missionary (b. [[1835]]) * [[April 8]] – [[Richard Olney]], American politician (b. [[1835]]) * [[April 13]] – [[Diamond Jim Brady]], American businessman and philanthropist (b. [[1856]]) * [[April 14]] – [[L. L. Zamenhof]], Polish creator of Esperanto (b. [[1859]]) * [[April 18]] – [[F. C. Burnand]], British playwright and comic writer (b. [[1836]]) * [[April 29]] – [[Tehaapapa III]], Tahitian queen (b. [[1879]]) * [[May 7]] – [[Albert Ball]], British World War I fighter ace, posthumous Victoria Cross recipient (killed in action) (b. [[1896]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Ball {{!}} British pilot {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Albert-Ball |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=7 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> * [[May 17]] **[[Charles Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak]] (b. [[1829]]) **[[Radomir Putnik]], Serbian field marshal (b. [[1847]]) **[[Clara Ayres]], American nurse (b. [[1880]]) * [[May 18]] – [[John Nevil Maskelyne]], English magician and inventor (b. [[1839]]) * [[May 20]] – [[Philipp von Ferrary]], Italian stamp collector (b. [[1850]]) * [[May 23]] – Queen [[Ranavalona III]] of Madagascar (b. [[1855]]) * [[May 24]] – [[Les Darcy]], Australian boxer (b. [[1895]]) * [[May 25]] ** [[Maksim Bahdanovič]], Belarusian poet (b. [[1891]]) ** [[René Dorme]], French World War I fighter ace (b. [[1894]]) * [[May 27]] – [[Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev]], Imperial Russian Navy admiral and politician (b. [[1843]]) * [[May 29]] – [[Kate Harrington (poet)|Kate Harrington]], American teacher, writer and poet (b. [[1831]]) * [[June 3]] – [[Matilda Carse]], Irish-born American businesswoman, social reformer (b. [[1835]]) * [[June 5]] – [[Karl Emil Schäfer]], German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. [[1891]]) * [[June 12]] – [[Teresa Carreño]], Venezuelan pianist, singer, composer and conductor (b. [[1853]]) * [[June 14]] – [[Thomas W. Benoist]], American aviator, aircraft designer and manufacturer, founder of the world{{'}}s first scheduled airline (b. [[1874]]) * [[June 15]] – [[Kristian Birkeland]], Norwegian physicist (b. [[1867]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.plasma-universe.com/kristian-birkeland/|title=Kristian Birkeland | Plasma-Universe.com}}</ref> * [[June 17]] – [[José Manuel Pando]], 25th [[President of Bolivia]] (b. [[1849]]) * [[June 18]] – [[Titu Maiorescu]], Romanian politician, 23rd [[Prime Minister of Romania]] (b. [[1840]]) * [[June 26]] – [[Ella Giles Ruddy]], American author and essayist (b. [[1851]]) * [[June 27]] ** [[Karl Allmenröder]], German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. [[1896]]) ** [[Gustav von Schmoller]], German economist (b. [[1838]]) * [[June 29]] – [[Frans Schollaert]], 19th [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] (b. [[1851]]) * [[June 30]] ** [[Antonio de La Gándara]], French painter (b. [[1861]]) ** [[Dadabhai Naoroji]], Indian politician (b. [[1825]]) === July–September === [[File:Adolf von Baeyer (1905).jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Adolf von Baeyer]]]] [[File:Mata-Hari 1910.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Mata Hari]]]] * [[July 2]] ** [[William Henry Moody]], 35th [[United States Secretary of the Navy]], 45th [[United States Attorney General]], and [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (b. [[1853]]) ** [[Herbert Beerbohm Tree|Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree]], British actor (b. [[1852]]) * [[July 8]] – [[Tom Thomson]], Canadian painter (b. [[1877]]) * [[July 12]] ** [[Donald Cunnell]], British World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. [[1893]]) ** [[Hugo Simberg]], Finnish symbolist painter and graphic artist (b. [[1873]])<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leiwo |first=Hanne |date=11 Jun 2017 |title=Hugo Simbergin kuolemasta 100 vuotta – muistomerkki paljastettiin kuolinpaikalla Ähtärissä |url=https://yle.fi/a/3-9663309 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602031237/https://yle.fi/a/3-9663309 |archive-date=2 Jun 2023 |access-date=26 Feb 2023 |website=Yle}}</ref> * [[July 15]] – [[Andrey Selivanov]], Russian general and politician (b. [[1847]]) * [[July 16]] – [[Philipp Scharwenka]], Polish-German composer (b. [[1847]]) * [[July 20]] – [[Ignaz Sowinski]], Polish architect (b. [[1858]]) * [[July 27]] – [[Emil Theodor Kocher]], Swiss medical researcher, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1841]]) * [[July 28]] – [[Ririkumutima]], Queen regent of Burundi * [[July 31]] ** [[Francis Ledwidge]], Irish poet (killed in action) (b. [[1887]]) ** [[Hedd Wyn]], Welsh poet (killed in action) (b. [[1887]]) * [[August 3]] – [[Ferdinand Georg Frobenius]], German mathematician (b. [[1849]])<ref>{{cite book|author1=Helmut Rechenberg|author2=Jagdish Mehra|title=The Formulation of Matrix Mechanics and Its Modifications 1925–1926|publisher=Springer New York|year=2000|page=21}}</ref> * [[August 13]] – [[Eduard Buchner]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1860]]) * [[August 17]] – [[John W. Kern]], American Democratic politician (b. [[1849]]) * [[August 20]] – [[Adolf von Baeyer]], German chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1835]]) * [[August 30]] – [[Alan Leo]], British astrologer (b. [[1860]]) * [[September 9]] ** [[Boris Stürmer]], Russian prime minister (b. [[1848]]) ** [[Madge Syers]], British figure skater (b. [[1881]]) * [[September 11]] – [[Georges Guynemer]], French World War I fighter ace (missing in action) (b. [[1894]]) * [[September 15]] – [[Kurt Wolff (aviator)|Kurt Wolff]], German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. [[1895]]) * [[September 23]] – [[Werner Voss]], German World War I fighter ace (killed in action) (b. [[1897]]) * [[September 26]] – [[Edward Miner Gallaudet]], American educator of the deaf (b. [[1837]]) * [[September 27]] – [[Edgar Degas]], French painter (b. [[1834]]) * [[September 30]] – [[Patricio Montojo y Pasarón]], Spanish admiral (b. [[1839]]) === October–December === [[File:1831Christian-05.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein]]]] [[File:Rodin-cropped.png|thumb|110px|right|[[Auguste Rodin]]]] [[File:Francesca Cabrini.JPG|thumb|110px|right|Saint [[Frances Xavier Cabrini]]]] * [[October 3]] – [[Eduardo di Capua]], Neapolitan composer and songwriter (b. [[1865]]) * [[October 4]] – [[Dave Gallaher]], New Zealand rugby union football player (killed in action) (b. [[1873]]) * [[October 9]] **[[Sarah Aaronsohn]], member of the Jewish spy ring [[Nili]] (b. [[1890]])<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aaronsohn-sarah-1890-1917 Aaronsohn, Sarah (1890–1917)]</ref> **Sultan [[Hussein Kamel of Egypt]], (b. [[1853]]) * [[October 11]] – [[Duke Philipp of Württemberg]] (b. [[1838]]) * [[October 13]] – [[Florence La Badie]], American actress (accident) (b. [[1888]]) * [[October 15]] – [[Mata Hari]], Dutch dancer, spy (executed) (b. [[1876]]) * [[October 19]] – [[Bobby Atherton]], Welsh footballer (b. [[1876]]) * [[October 22]] – [[Bob Fitzsimmons]], British boxer, World Heavyweight Champion (b. [[1863]]) * [[October 23]] – [[Eugène Grasset]], Swiss artist (b. [[1845]]) * [[October 27]] – [[Arthur Rhys-Davids]], British fighter ace (killed in action) (b. [[1897]]) * [[October 28]] – [[Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein]] (b. [[1831]]) * [[October 30]] – [[Heinrich Gontermann]], German fighter ace (flying accident) (b. [[1896]]) * [[November 2]] – [[Tringe Smajli]], Albanian guerrilla fighter and sworn virgin (b. [[1880]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ocnal.com/2020/10/tringe-smajli-albanian-heroine-who.html|title=Tringë Smajli, the Albanian heroine who fought bravely against the Ottoman Empire|date=October 10, 2020 }}</ref> * [[November 3]] – [[Frederick Rodgers]], American admiral (b. [[1842]]) * [[November 7]] – [[Margaret Cleaves]], American physician and writer (b. [[1848]]) * [[November 8]] – [[Colin Blythe]], English cricketer (b. [[1879]]) * [[November 11]] – [[Liliʻuokalani]], last monarch of the [[Kingdom of Hawaii]] (b. [[1838]]) * [[November 15]] – [[Émile Durkheim]], French sociologist (b. [[1858]]) * [[November 16]] – [[Adolf Reinach]], German philosopher (killed in action) (b. [[1883]]) * [[November 17]] ** [[Neil Primrose (politician)|Neil Primrose]], British Liberal MP (killed in action) (b. [[1882]]) ** [[Auguste Rodin]], French sculptor (b. [[1840]]) * [[December 8]] – [[Mendele Mocher Sforim]], Russian Yiddish, Hebrew writer (b. [[1836]]) * [[December 10]] – [[Mackenzie Bowell|Sir Mackenzie Bowell]], 5th [[Prime Minister of Canada]] (b. [[1823]]) * [[December 12]] – [[Andrew Taylor Still]], American father of osteopathy (b. [[1828]]) * [[December 17]] – [[Elizabeth Garrett Anderson]], English physician and suffragette (b. [[1836]]) * [[December 19]] – [[Richard Maybery]], British fighter ace (killed in action) (b. [[1895]]) * [[December 20]] – [[Eric Campbell (actor)|Eric Campbell]], Scottish actor (accident) (b. [[1879]]) * [[December 22]] ** [[Frances Xavier Cabrini]], first American canonized as a saint (b. [[1850]]) ** [[Stanisław Tondos]], Polish painter (b. [[1854]]) * [[December 24]] – [[Ivan Goremykin]], Russian prime minister (b. [[1839]]) * [[December 28]] – [[Alfred Edwin McKay]], Canadian fighter ace (killed in action) (b. [[1892]]) == Nobel Prizes == [[File:Nobel medal.png|right|100px]] * [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Charles Glover Barkla]] * [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – not awarded * [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – not awarded * [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]] – [[Karl Adolph Gjellerup]], [[Henrik Pontoppidan]] * [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace]] – [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] == References == {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * Williams, John. ''The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914-1918'' (1972) pp 175–242. ===Primary sources and year books=== * [https://archive.org/details/NewInternationalYearBookFor1917 ''New International Year Book 1917'' (1918)], Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 904 pp * ''American Year Book: 1917'' (1918), large compendium of facts about the U.S. [https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y4cAAAAMAAJ online complete edition] {{Events by month links}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:1917| ]]
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