Editing 1922 Committee

{{Short description|UK Conservative parliamentary group}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox organization
| name                     = 1922 Committee
| logo                     = 
| motto                    = 
| formation                = {{start date and age|1923|04}}
| leader_title             = Chairman
| leader_name              = [[Bob Blackman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/conservatives-choose-new-1922-committee-chair-in-key-step-towards-next-leadership-battle-13175638 |title=Conservatives choose new 1922 Committee chair in key step towards next leadership battle }}</ref>
| location_city            = [[Palace of Westminster]], London
| location_country         = United Kingdom
}}
The '''1922 Committee''', formally known as the '''Conservative Private Members' Committee''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/1922-committee-members-theresa-may-brexit-conservative-party-backbench/|title=What is the 1922 Committee, who's its chairman Sir Graham Brady and how is it involved in the no confidence vote?|last=Chaplain|first=Chloe|date=8 April 2019|website=inews.co.uk|access-date=23 May 2019}}</ref> or sometimes simply '''the 22''',<ref>{{cite web |title=The 1922 Committee (the 22) |url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/1922-committee-the-22/ |website=UK Parliament: Glossary |access-date=9 July 2024}}</ref> is the [[parliamentary group]] of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] in the British [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]]. The committee, consisting of all Conservative [[backbench]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Members of Parliament]] (MPs), meets weekly while Parliament is in session and provides a way for backbenchers to co-ordinate and discuss their views independently of [[frontbencher]]s. Its executive membership and officers are by consensus limited to backbench MPs; however, since 2010, frontbench Conservative MPs have an open invitation to attend meetings.

The committee can also play an important role in choosing the party leader. The group was formed in 1923<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/glossary/1922-committee-the-22/|title=The 1922 Committee|website=Parliament.uk|date=12 December 2018|access-date=12 December 2018}}</ref> (by MPs who were [[List of MPs elected in the 1922 United Kingdom general election|elected]] in [[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]]), but became important after 1940. The committee, collectively, represents the views of the Conservative Party parliamentary rank and file to the party leader, who is usually also the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] or [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|leader of the Opposition]]. [[Whip (politics)|Whips]] are present but their role is limited to announcing future business and reporting questions and complaints to the chief [[whip (politics)|whip]]. Due to the number of members, the group traditionally meets in Committee Room 14, the largest committee room in the Houses of Parliament.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eaton |first=George |date=2017-10-11 |title=The 1922 Committee: how the Tories' men in grey suits wield power |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk-politics/2017/10/1922-committee-how-tories-men-grey-suits-wield-power |access-date=2023-05-25 |website=New Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Committee constitutional matters==
The 1922 Committee has an 18-member executive committee, whose members are elected by all Conservative MPs except those who are members of the Government, i.e. the electorate comprises all "backbench" Conservative MPs. Candidates need to be nominated by two Conservative colleagues, and it is a first-past-the-post voting system, meaning the person with the most votes in each category wins.

The committee oversees the election of party leaders, or any Conservative party-led vote of confidence in a current leader. Such a vote can be triggered by 15% of Conservative MPs (currently 19 MPs out of the 121 sitting Conservative MPs {{As of|2024|07|lc=y}}) writing a letter to the chairman of the committee asking for such a vote. This process was used most recently on 6 June 2022, against [[Boris Johnson]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Walker|first1=Peter|title=Boris Johnson to face no confidence vote today as scores of Tory MPs call on him to go|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/jun/06/boris-johnson-face-confidence-vote-scores-tory-mps-call-on-him-to-go|access-date=6 June 2022|work=The Guardian|date=6 June 2022}}</ref> The last time a leader lost such a vote was on 29 October 2003, when [[Iain Duncan Smith]] was defeated by 90 to 75.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tory leader ousted|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3225127.stm|access-date=23 August 2015|agency=BBC|date=29 October 2003}}</ref> However both May and Johnson chose to resign within a year of their confidence votes.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center'"
|+ List of votes of confidence
|-
! rowspan=2 | Date
! rowspan=2 | Leader
! colspan=2 | Votes
|-
! For
! Against
|-
|29 October 2003
|[[Iain Duncan Smith]]
|75
|'''90'''
|-
|12 December 2018
|[[Theresa May]]
|'''200'''
|117
|-
|[[2022 vote of confidence in the Conservative Party leadership of Boris Johnson|6 June 2022]]
|[[Boris Johnson]]
|'''211'''
|148
|}

==History==
The name does not, as is sometimes wrongly supposed, stem from the 19 October 1922 [[Carlton Club meeting]], in which Conservative MPs successfully demanded that the party withdraw from the [[Lloyd George ministry|coalition government]] of [[David Lloyd George]], and which triggered the [[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922 general election]]. The committee was formed following the election, in April 1923.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN01366/SN01366.pdf |title=Leadership elections: Conservative Party |department=Briefing Paper Number 01366 |last=Johnston |first=Neil |date=24 May 2019 |publisher=[[House of Commons Library]] |access-date=24 May 2019 |page=16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Harris|first= Robin|author-link = Robin Harris (author)|date= 2013|title= The Conservatives – A History|publisher= Corgi|isbn= 978-0-55217033-8|page=265}}</ref> 

The MPs who founded the committee were not the same as those who had taken the decision to end the 1916–1922 coalition government. It began as a small dining group of new members elected in 1922. The committee soon developed into a [[ginger group]] of active backbenchers.<ref>{{cite book |first=John |last=Ramsden |year=1998 |title=An Appetite for Power: A History of the Conservative Party since 1830 |isbn=0-00-255686-3 |page=287|publisher=HarperCollins }}</ref> After the [[1923 United Kingdom general election|1923]] and [[1924 United Kingdom general election|1924]] elections, the membership expanded as more new Conservative MPs were elected, and in 1926 all backbench MPs were invited to become members. It became known as the Conservative Private Members' Committee. Consequently, it became a platform for the majority rather than a focus for discontent.<ref>"1922 Committee", "Political Notes", ''The Times'', 22 December 1926, p. 12.</ref>

In 1990, the committee participated in the ousting of [[Margaret Thatcher]]. The term [[Alan Watkins#Political language|"men in grey suits"]], meaning a delegation of Conservative MPs who tell a party leader that it is time for them to step down without forcing an open challenge, is often used in reference to members of the 1922 Committee.<ref name="Churchill-to-Major">{{cite book | last1=Borthwick | first1=R. L.|last2=Burch|first2=Martin|last3=Giddings|first3=Philip | title=Churchill to Major: the British prime ministership since 1945 |chapter=Prime Ministers and their Parties |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YLgYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT154  | publisher=Routledge | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-315-48151-7 | oclc=959427862 | pages=154–55}}</ref><ref name="Brogan et al">{{cite news |last1=Brogan |first1=Benedict |last2=Sylvester |first2=Rachel |last3=Jones |first3=George |title=Duncan Smith loses backing of the 'men in grey suits' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1444380/Duncan-Smith-loses-backing-of-the-men-in-grey-suits.html |work=The Daily Telegraph|date=17 October 2003 |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Brant">{{cite news |last=Brant |first=Robin |title=1922 committee and Tory MPs' contact details |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-31859094 |work=BBC News Online |date=12 March 2015 |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Rawnsley">{{cite news |last=Rawnsley |first=Andrew |title=Dead man talking |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/oct/12/conservatives.conservatives2003 |work=The Observer |date=12 October 2003 |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

On 19 May 2010, shortly after the Conservatives had formed a [[Cameron–Clegg coalition|coalition government]] with the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]], Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] suggested altering the committee to involve frontbench [[Minister (government)|ministers]] in the recommendation forming process, angering some [[backbench]] MPs.<ref name="Cameron">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8693078.stm|title=Cameron angers MPs with bid to change 1922 Committee|date=19 May 2010|work=BBC News |access-date=19 May 2010}}</ref> On 20 May 2010, committee members voted to approve the change, with 168 votes in favour and 118 against. Many backbench party members criticised the move and voted against it, while ministers had argued such a change would be necessary to continue operating coherently as a party during its membership of a [[coalition]] government.<ref name="Vote">{{cite news|title=1922 Committee: David Cameron wins vote on rule change|date=20 May 2010|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8693078.stm|access-date=20 May 2010|work=BBC News}}</ref>

However, under [[Graham Brady]], who became chairman in 2010, it was clarified shortly after that vote that although frontbenchers became eligible to attend meetings of the committee, only backbenchers would be able to vote for its officers and executive committee,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8706572.stm Brady elected as Tories' 1922 Committee chairman] BBC News 26 May 2010</ref> similarly to the [[Parliamentary Labour Party]].

On 7 March 2023, Brady announced that he would not seek re-election at the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024 general election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sir Graham Brady to stand down as Altrincham & Sale West MP at next election |url=https://www.itv.com/news/granada/2023-03-07/sir-graham-brady-to-stand-down-as-mp-at-the-next-election |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=ITV |date=7 March 2023}}</ref> The Committee was left with two remaining members after the general election, who were the only two [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] MPs to stand. They were [[Bob Blackman]], the MP for [[Harrow East]], who increased his majority in the election despite a national [[2024 United Kingdom general election|Labour landslide]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibbons |first=Amy |date=2024-07-08 |title=1922 Committee chairman to be chosen as Tories prepare for leadership race |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2024/07/08/chairman-1922-committee-leadership-race-conservative-party/ |access-date=2024-07-09 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> and Sir [[Geoffrey Clifton-Brown]], the MP for the newly formed constituency of [[North Cotswolds]], who has been an MP since 1992. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-05 |title=MP considers standing for North Cotswolds in boundary shake-up |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-63858410 |access-date=2024-07-09 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Blackman won the contest by a 61 votes to 37 with 98 votes cast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservatives choose new 1922 Committee chair in key step towards next leadership battle |url=https://news.sky.com/story/conservatives-choose-new-1922-committee-chair-in-key-step-towards-next-leadership-battle-13175638 |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref>

== The 2024 committee election ==

The latest election for the Chair of the 1922 Committee was held on July 9, 2024. The former chair, [[Graham Brady]], had stood down as an MP in the 2024 general election, creating a vacancy.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |title=Conservatives choose new 1922 Committee chair in key step towards next leadership battle |url=https://news.sky.com/story/conservatives-choose-new-1922-committee-chair-in-key-step-towards-next-leadership-battle-13175638 |access-date=2024-07-10 |work=Sky News}}</ref> [[Bob Blackman]] and [[Geoffrey Clifton-Brown]] stood as candidates, with Blackman winning the carrying the election with 61 out of 121 possible votes. 

Media reports showed that several members were unable to vote, due to a misunderstanding of the closing time of the vote. This included senior Conservatives such as [[Mark Francois]], [[Jeremy Hunt]] and [[Edward Leigh]]. In total, only 98 out of 121 MPs turned out (81%). However, with Blackman winning an absolute majority of Conservative MPs, the remaining 23 MPs would not have affected the outcome.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=Veteran Tory MP Bob Blackman elected chair of 1922 committee |url=https://www.ft.com/content/14aa527b-7c44-48cd-8ee3-0a5767affebb |access-date=2024-07-10 |newspaper= Financial Times}}</ref>

The results of the election were as follows:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:98%;"
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"| '''Election of chair of the 1922 committee'''
|-
! style="width:1px; background:{{Party colour|Conservative Party (UK)}};" |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Bob Blackman]]
|{{Composition bar|61|121|{{Party colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}|width=125px|per=1}}
|-
! style="width:1px; background:{{Party colour|Conservative Party (UK)}};" |
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Geoffrey Clifton-Brown]]
|{{Composition bar|37|121|{{Party colour|Conservative Party (UK)}}|width=125px|per=1}}
|}

Following the vote for the Chair, there were subsequent votes to elect the 1922 Executive board. One MP with nominations was left off the ballot paper, leading to calls to re-run the vote.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=He shoots, he scores |url=https://www.politico.eu/newsletter/london-playbook/starmer-cant-get-enough-of-the-euros/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Executive committee==
{{update|date=July 2024}}

=== Since 2024 ===

* '''Chairman:''' [[Bob Blackman]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservatives choose new 1922 Committee chair in key step towards next leadership battle |url=https://news.sky.com/story/conservatives-choose-new-1922-committee-chair-in-key-step-towards-next-leadership-battle-13175638 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=London Playbook PM: Sliding doors moment |url=https://www.politico.eu/newsletter/london-playbook/london-playbook-pm-sliding-doors-moment/ |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}}</ref>
*'''Vice-Chairman:''' [[Martin Vickers]]
*'''Treasurer:''' [[Geoffrey Clifton-Brown]]
*'''Executive members:'''
**[[Harriett Baldwin]]
**[[Sarah Bool]]
**[[Mark Garnier]]
**[[Bernard Jenkin]]
**[[Alan Mak (politician)|Alan Mak]]
**[[Jack Rankin]]
**[[Andrew Rosindell]]
**[[Alec Shelbrooke]]
**[[Gregory Stafford]]
**[[John Whittingdale]]

=== Until 2024 ===

As of 11 July 2022, the executive committee comprised:<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2022 |title=Tory leadership: Sajid Javid says he 'perhaps' should have resigned from Boris Johnson's cabinet earlier – live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2022/jul/11/tory-leadership-contest-arms-races-fantasy-economics-starmer-liz-truss-nadhim-zahawi-uk-politics-latest |access-date=11 July 2022 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*'''Chairman:''' [[Graham Brady]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/article/2024/jul/10/new-leader-of-backbench-tory-mps-holds-the-partys-future-in-his-hands|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|title=New leader of backbench Tory MPs holds the party's future in his hands|first=Ben|last=Quinn|date=10 July 2024|access-date=10 July 2024}}</ref>
*'''Vice-Chairman:''' [[Nus Ghani]]
*'''Treasurer:''' [[Geoffrey Clifton-Brown]]
*'''Joint Executive secretaries:'''
**[[Bob Blackman]]
**[[Gary Sambrook]]
*'''Executive members:'''
**[[Aaron Bell (politician)|Aaron Bell]]
**[[Miriam Cates]]
**[[Jo Gideon]]
**[[Richard Graham (politician)|Richard Graham]]
**[[Chris Green (politician)|Chris Green]]
**[[Robert Halfon]]
**[[Sally-Ann Hart]]
**[[Andrew Jones (British politician)|Andrew Jones]]
**[[Tom Randall (politician)|Tom Randall]]
**[[David Simmonds]]
**[[John Stevenson (British politician)|John Stevenson]]
**[[Martin Vickers]]{{div col end}}

==Historical list of officials==
===Chairmen===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Gervais Rentoul]] (1923–1932)
*[[William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil|William Morrison]] (1932–1935)
*[[Hugh O'Neill, 1st Baron Rathcavan|Hugh O'Neill]] (1935–1939)
*[[Patrick Spens, 1st Baron Spens|Patrick Spens]] (1939–1940)
*[[Alexander Erskine-Hill]] (1940–1944)
*[[Sir John McEwen, 1st Baronet|John McEwen]] (1944–1945)
*[[Arnold Gridley]] (1946–1951)
*[[Derek Walker-Smith]] (1951–1955)
*[[John Morrison, 1st Baron Margadale|John Morrison]] (1955–1964)
*[[William Anstruther-Gray, Baron Kilmany|William Anstruther-Gray]] (1964–1966)
*[[Arthur Vere Harvey]] (1966–1970)
*[[Harry Legge-Bourke]] (1970–1972)
*[[Edward du Cann]] (1972–1984)
*[[Cranley Onslow]] (1984–1992)
*[[Marcus Fox]] (1992–1997)
*[[Archie Hamilton]] (1997–2001)
*[[Michael Spicer]] (2001–2010)
*[[Graham Brady]] (2010–2024)
*[[Bob Blackman]] (2024–present)
{{div col end}}

===Secretaries===
* [[Victor Goodhew]] (1979–1983)
* [[Jill Knight]] (1983–1987)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |last1= Ball|first1= Stuart|date= 1990|title= The 1922 Committee: the formative years 1922–45|journal= Parliamentary History|volume= 9|issue= 1|pages= 129–157|doi= 10.1111/j.1750-0206.1990.tb00556.x}}
* {{cite book|last1= Goodhart|first1= Philip|author-link1= Philip Goodhart|last2= Branston|first2= Ursula|date= 1973|title= The 1922: The Story of the Conservative Backbenchers' Parliamentary Committee|url= https://archive.org/details/1922storyofconse0000good|location= London|publisher= Macmillan|isbn= 0-33314386-8|url-access= registration}}
* Norton, Philip, ''The 1922 Committee: Power Behind The Scenes'' (Manchester University Press, 2023)

{{Chairmen of the 1922 Committee}}
{{UK Conservative Party}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Organisation of the Conservative Party (UK)]]
[[Category:1923 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Parliamentary groups in the United Kingdom]]