Editing 1922 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1922|science}}
{{Science year nav|1922}}

The year '''1922 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Archaeology==
* November 4 – British archaeologist [[Howard Carter (archaeologist)|Howard Carter]] and his men find the entrance to King [[Tutankhamen]]'s tomb in the [[Valley of the Kings]] of [[Egypt]].

==Biology==
* August – The [[California grizzly bear]] is hunted to extinction.
* Last known wild [[Barbary lion]] (''P. l. leo'') shot in the [[Atlas Mountains]] of [[Morocco]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nowell|first1=Kristin|last2=Jackson|first2=Peter|title=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan|chapter-url=http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf|year=1996|publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group|location=Gland, Switzerland|isbn=2-8317-0045-0|pages=17–21|chapter=Panthera Leo}}</ref>
* The [[Amur tiger]] becomes extinct in [[South Korea]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koreanhistoryproject.org/savethetiger.htm|title=Save the Tiger|publisher=Koreanhistoryproject.org|access-date=2012-02-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311225748/http://www.koreanhistoryproject.org/savethetiger.htm|archive-date=2012-03-11}}</ref>
* [[H. J. Muller]] sets out the basic properties of [[Genetics|genetic]] [[heredity]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Variation due to Change in the Individual Gene|journal=American Naturalist|volume=56|issue=642|year=1922|doi=10.1086/279846|pages=32–50|last1=Muller|first1=H. J.|s2cid=31573243 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1431363}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=In Pursuit of the Gene: from Darwin to DNA|first=James|last=Schwartz|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2008}}</ref>

==Chemistry==
* June 20 – [[Degesch]] applies to [[patent]] the [[cyanide]]-based [[insecticide]] [[Zyklon B]] (credited to Walter Heerdt) in Germany.<ref>DE 438818.</ref>
* [[Vitamin E]] is discovered by [[Herbert McLean Evans]] and Katharine Scott Bishop at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Evans|first1=H. M.|last2=Bishop|first2=K. S.|title=On the existence of a hitherto unrecognized dietary factor essential for reproduction|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|year=1922|volume=56|issue=1458|pages=650–651|doi=10.1126/science.56.1458.650|pmid=17838496|jstor=1647181|bibcode = 1922Sci....56..650E |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1448277}}</ref> and [[Vitamin D]] by [[Elmer McCollum]] and others.
* [[Czech people|Czech]] chemist [[Jaroslav Heyrovský]] invents [[polarography|polarographic methods]] of chemical analysis.
* German chemist [[Hermann Staudinger]] proposes what he will come to call [[macromolecule]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Staudinger|first1=H.|last2=Fritschi|first2=J.|title=Über die Hydrierung des Kautschuks und über seine Konstitution|journal=[[Helvetica Chimica Acta]]|year=1922|volume=5|issue=5|pages=785–806|doi=10.1002/hlca.19220050517|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1426825}}</ref>

==Ethnology==
* [[Bronisław Malinowski]]'s influential [[Ethnology|ethnological]] text ''[[Argonauts of the Western Pacific]]'' is published.

==Mathematics==
* First publication of [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]'s ''[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus]]'' in an English translation.
* [[Jarl Waldemar Lindeberg]] provides a proof of the "Lindeberg condition" of the [[central limit theorem]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=J. W.|last=Lindeberg|title=Eine neue Herleitung des Exponentialgesetzes in der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung|journal=[[Mathematische Zeitschrift]]|volume=15|year=1922|issue=1|pages=211–225|doi=10.1007/BF01494395|s2cid=119730242|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2412242}}</ref>
* [[Ernst Steinitz]] proves [[Steinitz's theorem]] in [[polyhedral combinatorics]].<ref>{{citation|first=E.|last=Steinitz|contribution=Polyeder und Raumeinteilungen|title=Encyclopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Band 3 (Geometries)|year=1922|pages=1–139|title-link=Klein's encyclopedia}}.</ref>

==Medicine==
* January 11 – First successful [[insulin]] treatment of [[diabetes]], by [[Frederick Banting]] in [[Toronto]], using a pure preparation intravenously injected; on the same date [[Nicolae Paulescu]] makes an apparently successful rectal administration of an insulin preparation.

==Meteorology==
* English mathematical physicist [[Lewis Fry Richardson]] proposes a scheme for [[weather forecasting]] by solution of [[differential equation]]s, the method used in modern times, in his work ''Weather Prediction by Numerical Process''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Hutchinson Factfinder|publisher=Helicon|year=1999|isbn=1-85986-000-1}}</ref>

==Paleontology==
* First of four successive [[American Museum of Natural History]] expeditions to [[Mongolia]] under [[Roy Chapman Andrews]] which will discover fossils of ''[[Indricotherium]]'' (a gigantic hornless [[rhinoceros]] then named "''[[Baluchitherium]]''"), ''[[Protoceratops]]'', a [[nest]] of ''Protoceratops'' [[Egg (biology)|eggs]] (found in 1995 to be from ''[[Oviraptor]]''), ''[[Pinacosaurus]]'', ''[[Saurornithoides]]'', ''Oviraptor'' and ''[[Velociraptor]]'', none of which were known before.

==Physics==
* [[Arthur Compton]] studies X-ray photon [[scattering]] by electrons.
* [[Otto Stern]] and [[Walther Gerlach]] show "space quantization".
* [[Hilding Faxén]] introduces [[Faxén's law]] for the velocity of a sphere in [[fluid dynamics]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Hilding|last=Faxén|title=Der Widerstand gegen die Bewegung einer starren Kugel in einer zähen Flüssigkeit, die zwischen zwei parallelen ebenen Wänden eingeschlossen ist|doi=10.1002/andp.19223731003|journal=[[Annalen der Physik]]|year=1922|volume=373|issue=10|pages=89–119|bibcode = 1922AnP...373...89F |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1424385}}</ref>
* [[Albert Einstein]]'s ''[[The Meaning of Relativity|The Meaning of Relativity: Four Lectures Delivered at Princeton University, May 1921]]'' is published by [[Princeton University Press]].

==Technology==
* February 14 – The world's first regular wireless broadcasts for entertainment, made by [[Peter Eckersley (engineer)|Peter Eckersley]], begin transmission on radio station [[2MT]] from a hut at the [[Marconi Company]] laboratories at [[Writtle]] near [[Chelmsford]] in England. This is followed in the United Kingdom on May 11 by station [[2LO]] from [[Marconi House]] in London, which from November 22 becomes the [[British Broadcasting Company]] ([[BBC]]).
* [[Lancia Lambda]] is the first [[automobile]] to use [[monocoque]] construction.
* Approximate date – [[Madeleine Vionnet]] introduces the [[Grain (textile)|bias cut]] dress in Paris.

==Awards==
* [[Nobel Prize]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Niels Bohr]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Francis William Aston]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] – [[Archibald Vivian Hill]] and [[Otto Fritz Meyerhof]]

==Births==
* January 9 – [[Har Gobind Khorana]] (died [[2011 in science|2011]]), Indian-born [[biochemist]] and [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] laureate (shared with Ralph F. Hirschmann).
* February 12 – [[William Rashkind]] (died [[1986 in science|1986]]), American [[cardiologist]].
* March 4 – [[Geoff Tootill]] (died [[2017 in science|2017]]), English [[computer scientist]].
* March 7 – [[Olga Ladyzhenskaya]] (died [[2004 in science|2004]]), Russian [[mathematician]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Struwe|chapter=Olga Ladyzhenskaya: A Life-Long Devotion to Mathematics|editor-first1=Stefan|editor-last1=Hildebrandt|editor-first2=Hermann|editor-last2=Karcher|title=Geometric Analysis and Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations|location=Berlin|publisher=Springer|year=2003|isbn=978-3-54044-051-2|page=1}}</ref>
* April 22 – [[Wolf V. Vishniac]] (died [[1973 in science|1973]]), American [[microbiologist]].
* May 4 – [[Eugenie Clark]] (died [[2015 in science|2015]]), American [[ichthyologist]].
* May 6 – [[Ralph F. Hirschmann]] (died [[2009 in science|2009]]), [[German American]] biochemist, leader of a team responsible for the first [[organic synthesis]] of an [[enzyme]], a [[ribonuclease]]; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (shared with Har Gobind Khorana).
* June 19 – [[Aage Bohr]] (died [[2009 in science|2009]]), [[Danes|Danish]] [[Nuclear physics|nuclear physicist]] and [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] laureate.
* June 22 – [[Ewen Whitaker]] (died [[2016 in science|2016]]), English-born lunar astronomer.
* June 26 – [[Cuchlaine King]] (died [[2019 in science|2019]]), British [[geomorphologist]].
* June 29 – [[San Baw]] (died [[1984 in science|1984]]), Burmese [[orthopaedic surgeon]].
* July 9 – [[Kathleen Booth]] (died [[2022 in science|2022]]), English-born computer scientist.
* July 15 – [[Leon M. Lederman]] (died [[2018 in science|2018]]), American experimental physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate.
* July 18 – [[Thomas Kuhn]] (died [[1996 in science|1996]]), American philosopher of science.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Obituary: Thomas S. Kuhn (18 July 1922 - 17 June 1996)|jstor=285595|journal=Social Studies of Science|volume=27|issue=3|pages=483–502|date=1997|last1=Edge|first1=David|last2=Harre|first2=Rom|last3=Brown|first3=Andrew|last4=Barnes|first4=Barry|last5=Mulkay|first5=Michael|last6=Fuller|first6=Steve|last7=Rudwick|first7=Martin|last8=Giere|first8=Ronald N.|last9=Bloor|first9=David|doi=10.1177/030631297027003005|pmid=11619257|s2cid=28154701}}</ref>
* July 25 – [[John B. Goodenough]] (died [[2023 in science|2023]]), German-born American [[solid-state physicist]] and [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] laureate.
* August 24 – [[Donald Henry Colless]] (died [[2012 in science|2012]]), Australian [[entomologist]].
* September 2 – [[Arthur Ashkin]] (died [[2020 in science|2020]]), American physicist and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate.
* September 5 – [[Denys Wilkinson]] (died [[2016 in science|2016]]), English nuclear physicist.
* November 8 – [[Christiaan Barnard]] (died [[2001 in science|2001]]), [[South Africa]]n [[cardiac surgeon]].
* November 15 – [[David Sidney Feingold]] (died [[2019 in science|2019]]), American biochemist and academic.
* November 26 – [[John D. Hoffman]] (died [[2004 in science|2004]]), American [[nuclear chemist]].
* December 18 – [[Esther Lederberg]] (died [[2006 in science|2006]]), American microbiologist.

==Deaths==
* January 5 – [[Ernest Shackleton]] (born [[1874 in science|1874]]), Anglo-Irish [[List of explorers|explorer]] (of heart attack at South Georgia Island).
* January 15 – [[Edward Hopkinson]] (born [[1859 in science|1859]]), English [[electrical engineer]].
* January 22 – [[Camille Jordan]] (born [[1838 in science|1838]]), French [[mathematician]].
* April 1 – [[Hermann Rorschach]] (born [[1884 in science|1884]]), Swiss [[psychiatrist]].
* April 9 – Sir [[Patrick Manson]] (born [[1844 in science|1844]]), Scottish-born "father of [[tropical medicine]]".
* May 26 – [[Ernest Solvay]] (born [[1838 in science|1838]]), Belgian [[chemist]].
* June 18 – [[Jacobus Kapteyn]] (born [[1851 in science|1851]]), Dutch [[astronomer]].
* August 2 – [[Alexander Graham Bell]] (born [[1847 in science|1847]]), Scottish American [[inventor]] (in Nova Scotia).
* August 18 – [[W. H. Hudson]] (born [[1841 in science|1841]]), Anglo-Argentine [[naturalist]].
* August 29 – [[Sophie Bryant]] (born [[1850 in science|1850]]), Anglo-Irish mathematician and educationalist (in hiking accident in the Alps).
* September 7 – [[William Stewart Halsted]] (born [[1852 in science|1852]]), American [[surgeon]].
* October 25 – [[Oscar Hertwig]] (born [[1849 in science|1849]]), German [[zoologist]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:1922 in science| ]]
[[Category:20th century in science]]
[[Category:1920s in science]]