Editing 1924 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1924|science}}
{{Science year nav|1924}}

The year '''1924 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy and space exploration==
[[File:Andromeda Galaxy (with h-alpha).jpg|thumb|[[Andromeda Galaxy]]]]
* November 23 – [[Edwin Hubble]] announces his discovery that [[Andromeda Galaxy|Andromeda]], previously believed to be a [[nebula]], is actually another [[galaxy]], and that the [[Milky Way]] is only one of many such galaxies in the universe.<ref>In ''[[The New York Times]]''. {{cite book|last1=Sharov|first1=Aleksandr Sergeevich|last2=Novikov|first2=Igor Dmitrievich|title=Edwin Hubble, the discoverer of the big bang universe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ttEwkEdPc70C&pg=PA34|accessdate=2011-12-31|year=1993|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-41617-7|page=34}} Formally published December 30 and presented as a paper at the January&nbsp;1, 1925 meeting of the [[American Astronomical Society]]. {{cite book|title=The Day We Found the Universe|first=Marcia|last=Bartusiak|publisher=Random House|year=2010|pages=x–xi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XojzXh4_KEC&q=The+Day+We+Found+the+Universe|isbn=9780307276605}}</ref>
* The [[Einstein Tower]] near [[Potsdam]], [[Germany]], designed by [[Erich Mendelsohn]], becomes operational as an astrophysical observatory.
* [[Mount Stromlo Observatory]] near [[Canberra]], Australia, is established as the Commonwealth Solar Observatory.
* [[1056 Azalea]] is discovered.

==Biology==
*The term "[[ectogenesis]]" is coined by British scientist [[J. B. S. Haldane]] to describe the growth of mammalian embryos in artificial environments.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artificial Wombs Are Coming, but the Controversy Is Already Here |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/artificial-wombs-are-coming-and-the-controversys-already-here/ |work=Motherboard |date=4 August 2014 |access-date=16 November 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1111/j.1467-8519.1987.tb00006.x|pmid = 11649763|title = Ectogenesis: A Reply to Singer and Wells|journal = Bioethics|volume = 1|issue = 1|pages = 80–99|year = 1987|last1 = James|first1 = David N.}}</ref>
*[[California grizzly bear]] last sighted.

==Biochemistry==
* The first inactive [[tetanus vaccine]] (tetanus toxoid, TT) is discovered by [[Gaston Ramon]], C. Zoeller and P. Descombey and produced.<ref>{{cite book|author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|title=Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases|publisher=Public Health Foundation|location=Washington, D.C.|year=2011|isbn=978-0-01-706609-1|chapter-url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/tetanus.pdf|chapter=Tetanus|accessdate=2012-07-07|author-link=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref>
* The first [[scarlet fever]] vaccine is discovered by [[George F. Dick]] and [[Gladys Dick]].

==History of science and technology==
* December 17 – Dismantling of [[James Watt]]'s workshop for display in the [[Science Museum, London]], commences.<ref>{{cite book|first=Ben|last=Russell|title=James Watt: making the world anew|location=London|publisher=Reaktion Books|year=2014|isbn=978-1-78023-375-8}}</ref>

==Mathematics==
* Polish mathematicians [[Stefan Banach]] and [[Alfred Tarski]] publish the [[Banach–Tarski paradox]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Banach|first1=Stefan|last2=Tarski|first2=Alfred|title=Sur la décomposition des ensembles de points en parties respectivement congruentes|journal=[[Fundamenta Mathematicae]]|volume=6|year=1924|pages=244–277|url=http://matwbn.icm.edu.pl/ksiazki/fm/fm6/fm6127.pdf|doi=10.4064/fm-6-1-244-277|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* German mathematician [[David Hilbert]] proposes [[Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel]].<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=George Gamow|last=Gamow|first=George|year=1947|title=One Two Three ... Infinity|location=New York|publisher=Viking Press|page=17|title-link=One Two Three ... Infinity}}</ref>
* Polish logician [[Jan Łukasiewicz]] devises [[reverse Polish notation]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Elementy logiki matematycznej|last=Łukasiewicz|first=Jan|location=Warsaw|publisher=Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe|year=1929}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Aristotle's Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic|first=Jan|last=Łukasiewicz|year=1951|chapter=IV. Aristotle's System in Symbolic Form|page=78}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Aristotle's Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic|last=Łukasiewicz|first=Jan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1957|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Charles Leonard|last=Hamblin|author-link=Charles Leonard Hamblin|date=1962-11-01|title=Translation to and from Polish notation|journal=Computer Journal|volume=5|issue=3|pages=210–213}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Algorithms for RPN Calculators|first=John A.|last=Ball|year=1978|publisher=Wiley|location=Cambridge, Mass.|isbn=0-471-03070-8|page=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=RPN Perspective|first=John|last=Kennedy|journal=PPC Calculator Journal|volume=9|number=5|date=August 1982|pages=26–29}}</ref>

==Medicine==
* German physiologist and psychiatrist [[Hans Berger]] records the first human [[electroencephalogram]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1136/jnnp.74.1.9|title=Hans Berger (1873-1941), Richard Caton (1842-1926) and electroencephalography|year=2003|last1=Haas|first1=L. F.|journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry|volume=74|page=9|pmid=12486257|issue=1|pmc=1738204}}</ref>
* [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] is first described by Hungarian-American pathologist and physician [[Eli Moschcowitz]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sukumar|first1=Senthil|last2=Lämmle|first2=Bernhard|last3=Cataland|first3=Spero R.|date=January 2021|title=Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management|journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine|volume=10|issue=3|page=536|doi=10.3390/jcm10030536|issn=2077-0383|pmc=7867179|pmid=33540569|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Johnson & Johnson]] begin mass producing [[Band-Aid]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-28|title=Band-Aid Brand: A History of Innovation |url=https://www.band-aid.com/our-brand/brand-history}}</ref>

==Paleontology==
* October – The first specimen of ''[[Australopithecus africanus]]'', the [[fossil]] skull of the "[[Taung Child]]", is identified in [[South Africa]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dart|first=Raymond A.|authorlink=Raymond Dart|date=February 1925|title=''Australopithecus africanus'': The Man-Ape of South Africa|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/ancestor/pdf/115195.pdf|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=115|issue=2884|pages=195–99|doi=10.1038/115195a0|bibcode=1925Natur.115..195D|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Physics==
* [[Satyendra Nath Bose|S. N. Bose]] and [[Albert Einstein]] publish papers in ''[[Zeitschrift für Physik]]'' applying [[Bose–Einstein statistics]] to [[photon|light quanta]] and to atomic models and predicting existence of the [[Bose–Einstein condensate]].
* [[Edmund Clifton Stoner|E. C. Stoner]] publishes a paper<ref>{{cite journal|first=E. C.|last=Stoner|title=The distribution of electrons among atomic levels|journal=[[Philosophical Magazine]]|series=6th ser.|volume=48|issue=286|year=1924|pages=719–736|doi=10.1080/14786442408634535}}</ref> pointing out that for a given value of the [[principal quantum number]] (n), the number of energy levels of a single electron in the [[alkali metal]] spectra in an external magnetic field, where all [[degenerate energy level]]s are separated, is equal to the number of electrons in the closed shell of the [[rare gas]]es for the same value of n. This leads to discovery of the [[Pauli exclusion principle]] which [[Wolfgang Pauli]] first proposes in a letter at the end of the year.
* [[Louis de Broglie]] introduces the wave-model of atomic structure, based on the ideas of [[wave–particle duality]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Louis de Broglie: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1929|work=Nobel Lectures, Physics 1922–1941|publisher=Elsevier|year=1965|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1929/broglie-bio.html|accessdate=2007-02-28}}</ref>

==Technology==
* February 5 – Hourly time signals from [[Royal Greenwich Observatory]] are broadcast for the first time.
* February – [[John Logie Baird]] sends rudimentary [[television]] pictures over a short distance.<ref>{{cite web|title=Landmark Dates |work=British TV History |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |accessdate=2010-10-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101101204302/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archivedate=1 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Václav Holek]] designs the [[ZB vz. 26]] [[light machine gun]] for [[Zbrojovka Brno]].
* The [[earth inductor compass]] is developed by [[Morris Titterington]] at the [[Pioneer Instrument Company]] in [[Brooklyn, New York]].
* [[Kleenex]] available to the general public.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2023 |title=Kleenex Brand Story |url=https://www.kleenex.com/en-us/about-us/our-history}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Nobel Prize]]s
** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]]: [[Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]]: [[Willem Einthoven]]

==Births==
* February – [[Li Xintian (psychologist)|Li Xintian]] (died [[2019 in science|2019]]), [[Chinese people|Chinese]] [[neuropsychologist]]
* February 21 – [[Thelma Estrin]] (died [[2014 in science|2014]]), [[Americans|American]] computer scientist and biomedical engineer
* March 2 – [[Michael Sela]] (died [[2022 in science|2022]]), Polish-born Israeli immunologist 
* March 11 – [[Franco Basaglia]] (died [[1980 in science|1980]]), [[Italians|Italian]] [[psychiatrist]]
* March 12 – [[Mary Lee Woods]] (died [[2017 in science|2017]]), [[English people|English]] mathematician and computer programmer
* March 23 
** [[Bjørn G. Andersen]] (died [[2012 in science|2012]]), [[Norwegian people|Norwegian]] quaternary geologist and [[glaciologist]] (early environmental studies)
** [[Olga Kennard]] (died [[2023 in science|2023]]), English crystallographer
* May 3 – [[Isadore Singer]] (died [[2021 in science|2021]]), American mathematician
* May 7 – [[James Learmonth Gowans]] (died [[2020 in science|2020]]), British immunologist
* May 11 – [[Antony Hewish]] (died [[2021 in science|2021]]), English radioastronomer ([[Nobel Prize in Physics]] [[1974 in science|1974]])
* June 11 – [[César Lattes]] (died [[2005 in science|2005]]), [[Brazilians|Brazilian]] [[experimental physicist]] ([[Nobel Prize in Physic]], [[1950 in science|1950]])
* June 24 – [[James Black (pharmacologist)|James W. Black]] (died [[2010 in science|2010]]), [[Scottish people|Scottish]] [[pharmacologist]] ([[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]], [[1988 in science|1988]])
* July 8 – [[Robert M. Chanock]] (died [[2010 in science|2010]]), American [[Pediatrics|pediatrician]] and [[Virology|virologist]]
* July 15 – [[David Cox (statistician)|David Cox]] (died [[2022 in science|2022]]), English [[statistician]]
* August 1 – [[John Clive Ward]] (died [[2000 in science|2000]]), [[English people|English]]-born [[physicist]] working in [[quantum electrodynamics]]
* September 10 – [[Elizabeth Killick]] (died [[2019 in science|2019]]), English naval [[electronics engineer]]
* September 22 – [[Laurel van der Wal]] (died [[2009 in science|2009]]), American [[aeronautical engineer]]
* September 26 – [[Jean Hoerni]] (died [[1997 in science|1997]]), [[Swiss people|Swiss]]-born microelectronics engineer
* November 9 – [[Don Beaven]] (died 2009), [[New Zealand]] medical researcher in the area of [[diabetes]] treatment and prevention
* November 20 – [[Benoît Mandelbrot]] (died 2010), [[Poland|Polish]]-born [[French American]] [[mathematician]], originator of [[fractal]] [[geometry]] 
* December 30 – [[Yvonne Brill]] (died [[2013 in science|2013]]), Canadian scientist best known for her work developing rocket and jet propulsion technologies

==Deaths==
* February 11 – [[Jacques Loeb]] (born [[1859 in science|1859]]), [[Germany|German]]-born [[physiologist]]
* February 27 – [[Émile Vallin]] (born [[1833 in science|1833]]), French military physician.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr |url=https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=4897# |title=Vallin Émile Arthur  |author=L. Vaillard|author2= Agathe Floderer|author3=Alexandre Wauthier |website=cths.fr  |publisher= Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques |access-date=11 February 2021}}</ref>
* March 22 – Sir [[William Macewen]] (born [[1848 in science|1848]]), Scottish [[surgeon]]
* April 4 – [[Arnold Pick]] (born [[1851 in science|1851]]), [[Czechs|Czech]] [[neurologist]]
* April 24 – [[G. Stanley Hall]] (born [[1844 in science|1844]]), [[Americans|American]] [[psychologist]]
* September 24 – [[Alexandre Lacassagne]] (born [[1843 in science|1843]]), [[French people|French]] [[forensic scientist]]
* October 1 – [[John Edward Campbell]] (born [[1862 in science|1862]]), [[British people|British]] mathematician
* December 27 – [[Agda Meyerson]] (born [[1866 in science|1866]]), [[Swedes|Swedish]] nurse and healthcare profession activist

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1924 In Science}}
[[Category:1924 in science| ]]
[[Category:20th century in science]]
[[Category:1920s in science]]