Editing 1930 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1930|science}}
{{Science year nav|1930}}

The year '''1930 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy and space exploration==
* January 15 – The [[Moon]] moves into [[perigee]] at the same time as the [[lunar phase]] reaches its fullest. This is the closest Moon distance to Earth (at 356,397&nbsp;km) in 23 years and it will not come closer until 2257.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.idialstars.com/clfumo.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215031654/http://www.idialstars.com/clfumo.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 15, 2008|title=Closest Full Moon in 23 Years|date=2008-12-12|work=Bruce McClure's Astronomy Page}}</ref>
* February 18 – [[Pluto]] is identified by [[Clyde Tombaugh]] from photographs taken during January at the [[Lowell Observatory]].
* [[Bernhard Schmidt]] invents the [[Schmidt Camera]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/history/schmidt|title=Bernhard Schmidt|publisher=[[University of Cambridge]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080524175425/http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/history/schmidt|archivedate=2008-05-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Atmospheric sciences==
* January 30 – [[Pavel Molchanov]] launches a [[radiosonde]] from [[Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg|Pavlovsk]] in the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[Sydney Chapman (astronomer)|Sydney Chapman]] explains the [[ozone-oxygen cycle]], the process by which [[ozone]] is continually regenerated in [[Earth]]'s [[stratosphere]].

==Botany==
* [[Elena Ivanovna Barulina]] produces the first study of the international distribution of [[lentil]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Carles|first=J.|year=1939|title=Les lentilles|trans-title= Lentils|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/linly_0366-1326_1939_num_8_6_9524|language=French|journal=Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon|volume=8|issue=6|pages=146-153|accessdate=2019-01-27|quote=Nous utilisons le remarquable ouvrage d’Helena BARULINA: Lentils of U.S.S.R. and of other countries, 1930...Le spécialiste des Lentilles est Mme Helena BARULINA. Dés 1930, elle publiait, en supplément au ''Bulletin of Applied Botany'', un volume de plus de 300 pages sur les Lentilles (''Lentils of U.S.S.R. and of other countries'') quelle a résumé, en 1937, dans le tome IV de la ''Flore des Plantes cultivées.''}}</ref>

==Chemistry==
* April 17 – [[Neoprene]] is invented by [[DuPont]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Ten-Year Invention: Neoprene and Du Pont Research, 1930–1939|first=John K.|last=Smith|journal=[[Technology and Culture]]|jstor=3104528|volume=26|year=1985|pages=34–55}}</ref>

==History of science==
* [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[oriental studies|Orientalist]] [[Vasily Vasilievich Struve]], with [[Boris Turaev]], provides solutions to the problems in the [[Moscow Mathematical Papyrus]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Struve|first1=Vasilij Vasil'evič|first2=Boris|last2=Turaev|year=1930|chapter=Mathematischer Papyrus des Staatlichen Museums der Schönen Künste in Moskau|title=Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik; Abteilung A|volume=1|location=Berlin|publisher=Springer}}</ref>
* The [[University of Florence]] in Italy creates the Istituto di Storia della Scienza con annesso Museo (Institute of the History of Science and attached Museum), predecessor of the [[Museo Galileo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Science Museum|website=The Museums of Florence|publisher=Hidden Italy|location=Königswinter|url=http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/History_of_Science_museum.html|language=English|accessdate=2025-01-02}}</ref>
* The [[Edwin Smith Papyrus]], an ancient Egyptian medical text, is translated for the first time.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Nunn|first=John F.|year=1996|title=Ancient Egyptian Medicine|journal=Transactions of the Medical Society of London|volume=113|pages=57–68|pmid=10326089|lccn=95039770}}</ref>

==Mathematics==
* [[Vojtěch Jarník]] first discovers '[[Prim's algorithm]]'.
* [[Kazimierz Kuratowski]] characterizes his [[planar graph]] theorem.<ref name=Crilly>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|url=https://archive.org/details/50mathematicalid0000cril|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8}}</ref>
* [[Bartel van der Waerden]] publishes ''Moderne Algebra''.<ref name=Crilly/>

==Medicine==
* March 5 – Danish painter Einar Wegener begins to undergo [[sexual reassignment]] surgery in Germany and takes the name [[Lili Elbe]].
* July 10 – [[Mental Treatment Act 1930]] in the United Kingdom provides for free voluntary treatment for psychiatric conditions and for psychiatric outpatient clinics, replaces the term "asylum" with "[[mental hospital]]" and reorganises the [[Board of Control for Lunacy and Mental Deficiency]].
* November 25 – Cecil George Paine, a [[pathologist]] at the [[Sheffield Royal Infirmary]] in [[England]], achieves the first recorded cure (of an eye infection) using [[penicillin]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wainwright|first1=M.|last2=Swan|first2=H.T.|title=C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy|journal=Medical History|volume=30|pages=42–56|year=1986|pmid=3511336|pmc=1139580|doi=10.1017/S0025727300045026}}</ref>
* [[DPT vaccine]] (against [[diphtheria]], [[tetanus]] and [[pertussis]]) is first used.

==Physics==
* December 4 – [[Wolfgang Pauli]] postulates the existence of the particle later identified as the [[electron neutrino]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Wolfgang|last=Pauli|title=Chers Mesdames et Messieurs radioactifs|url=https://www.bibnum.education.fr/physique/physique-nucleaire/chers-mesdames-et-messieurs-radioactifs|work=bibnum|date=1930-12-04|accessdate=2017-04-07}}</ref>

==Technology==
* August 18 – [[Salginatobel Bridge]] in Switzerland, designed by [[Robert Maillart]], opened.
*  November 13 – [[Rotolactor]] rotating platform [[Dairy#Milking machines|milking machine]] first operates.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kane|first=Joseph|title=Famous First Facts: A Record of First Happenings, Discoveries, and Inventions in American History|edition=5th|year=1997|publisher=H.W. Wilson Company|isbn=0-8242-0930-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/famousfirstfacts00kane_0/page/5 5]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/famousfirstfacts00kane_0/page/5}}</ref>

==Zoology==
* [[Israel Aharoni]] collects [[golden hamster]]s near [[Aleppo]] from which all modern domesticated specimens will be bred.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ppne.co.uk/index.php?m=show&id=30551|work=Professor Paul's Lives of the Great Naturalists|title=Israel Aharoni|archivedate=2 October 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002041311/http://www.ppne.co.uk/index.php?m=show&id=30551}}</ref>

==Awards==
*[[Lyell Medal]] (Geological Society of London) – [[Frederick Chapman (palaeontologist)|Frederick Chapman]]
*[[Nobel Prize]]s
** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[C. V. Raman]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Hans Fischer]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Physiology or Medicine]] – [[Karl Landsteiner]]

==Births==
* January 9 – [[Jacob T. Schwartz]] (died [[2009 in science|2009]]), [[Americans|American]] [[mathematician]] and professor of computer science at the [[New York University]] [[Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences]].
* January 13 – [[Harold Furth]] (died [[2002 in science|2002]]), [[Austria]]n-born expert in [[plasma physics]] and [[nuclear fusion]].
* January 20 – [[Buzz Aldrin]], American [[astronaut]], [[lunar module]] pilot on [[Apollo 11]].
* February 7 – [[Ikutaro Kakehashi]] (died [[2017 in science|2017]]), [[Japanese people|Japanese]] electronic music engineer.
* February 23 – [[Goro Shimura]] (died [[2019 in science|2019]]), Japanese mathematician.
* February 28 – [[Leon Cooper]], American [[physicist]] and [[Nobel Prize for Physics|Nobel Prize winner]].
* March 7 – [[Daphne Osborne]] (died [[2006 in science|2006]]), [[British people|British]] botanist.
* March 15 – [[Martin Karplus]] (died [[2024 in science|2024]]), Austrian-born [[theoretical chemist]] and [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry|Nobel Prize winner]].
* April 9 – [[Nathaniel Branden]] (died [[2014 in science|2014]]), [[Canadian American]] [[psychotherapist]].
* April 16 – [[Louis Herman]] (died [[2016 in science|2016]]), American [[marine biologist]], investigator in [[animal communication]].
* April 20 – [[Gordon Hamilton Fairley]] (killed [[1975 in science|1975]]), British [[oncologist]].
* May 9 – [[Susan Leeman]], American [[neuroendocrinologist]].
* May 11 – [[Edsger W. Dijkstra]] (died [[2003 in science|2002]]), [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[computer scientist]].
* May 28 – [[Frank Drake]] (died [[2022 in science|2022]]), American radio astronomer, pioneer in [[SETI]]
* June 2 – [[Pete Conrad]] (died [[1999 in science|1999]]), American astronaut.
* June 22 – [[Yury Artyukhin]] (died [[1998 in science|1998]]), Soviet Russian [[Astronaut|cosmonaut]].
* June 28 – [[William C. Campbell (scientist)|William C. Campbell]], [[Ireland|Irish]]-born [[parasitologist]] and [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize winner]].
* August 5 – [[Neil Armstrong]] (died [[2012 in science#August 2|2012]]), American astronaut, first person to walk on the Moon.
* August 7 – [[Joe Farman]] (died [[2013 in science|2013]]), British [[geophysicist]] working for the [[British Antarctic Survey]].
* September 7 – [[Yuan Longping]] (died [[2021 in science|2021]]), Chinese [[agronomist]].
* September 12 – [[Akira Suzuki (chemist)|Akira Suzuki]], Japanese chemist and [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize winner]].
* September 24 – [[John Young (astronaut)|John Young]] (died [[2018 in science|2018]]), American astronaut.
* October 10 – [[Yves Chauvin]] (died [[2015 in science|2015]]), [[Belgium|Belgian]]-born chemist and [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry|Nobel Prize winner]].
* October 17 – [[Robert Atkins (nutritionist)|Robert Atkins]] (died [[2003 in science|2003]]), American [[nutritionist]].
* October 27 – [[Gladys West]], née Gladys Mae Brown, African American mathematician.
* October 31 – [[Michael Collins (astronaut)|Michael Collins]] (died [[2021 in science|2021]]), American astronaut.
* November 11 – [[Mildred Dresselhaus]], née Spiewak (died [[2017 in science|2017]]), American [[Nanotechnology|nanotechnologist]].
* November 14 – [[Ed White (astronaut)|Ed White]] (died in training accident [[1967 in science|1967]]), American astronaut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Edward H. White II {{!}} American astronaut |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-H-White-II |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=19 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* December 17 – [[Dorothy Rowe]], née Conn (died [[2019 in science|2019]]), [[Australians|Australian]] [[psychologist]].
* December 30
** [[Roy Yorke Calne]] (died [[2024 in science|2024]]), English surgeon, pioneer of transplantation.
** [[Tu Youyou]], Chinese pharmaceutical chemist and [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize winner]].

==Deaths==
* January 13 – [[Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti]] (born [[1864 in science|1864]]), [[British people|British]]-born electrical engineer and inventor.
* January 19 – [[Frank P. Ramsey]] (born [[1903 in science|1903]]), [[English people|English]] [[mathematician]] (jaundice).
* August 6 – [[Joseph Achille Le Bel|Joseph Le Bel]] (born [[1847 in science|1847]]), [[French people|French]] [[chemist]].
* August 15 – [[Florian Cajori]] (born [[1859 in science|1859]]), [[Switzerland|Swiss]]-born American historian of mathematics.
* August 18 – [[Gabrielle Howard]] (born [[1876 in science|1876]]), British [[Plant physiology|plant physiologist]].
* October 15
** [[Herbert Henry Dow]] (born [[1866 in science|1866]]), Canadian American industrial chemist.
** [[Ernest Henry Wilson|E. H. "Chinese" Wilson]] (born 1876), English [[plant collector]].
* September 1 – [[Peeter Põld]] (born [[1878 in science|1878]]), [[Estonia]]n politician and pedagogical scientist.
* October 27 – [[Ellen Hayes]] (born [[1851 in science|1851]]), American mathematician and astronomer.
* November 5 – [[Christiaan Eijkman]] (born [[1858 in science|1858]]), [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[physiologist]].
* December 25 – [[Albertina Carlsson]] (born [[1848 in science|1848]]), Swedish zoologist.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1930 in science| ]]
[[Category:20th century in science]]
[[Category:1930s in science]]