Editing 1943 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1943|science}}
{{Science year nav|1943}}

The year '''1943 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Biology==
* July 21 – Living specimens of ''[[Metasequoia glyptostroboides]]'', the Dawn Redwood, previously known only as a [[Mesozoic]] [[fossil]], are located in China.<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Jinshuang|last1=Ma|first2=Guofan|last2=Shao|title=Rediscovery of the 'first collection' of the 'Living Fossil', ''Metasequoia glyptostroboides''|journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]]|volume=52|issue=3|year=2003|pages=585–8|doi=10.2307/3647458|jstor=3647458}}</ref>
* The [[University of Oxford]] acquires the nearby [[Wytham]] Woods which become an important centre for research into [[ecology]] in England.
* [[David Lack]]'s study ''The Life of the Robin'' is published in England.

==Computer science==
* March–December – Construction of British prototype Mark I [[Colossus computer]], the world's first totally ''electronic'' programmable computing device, at the [[Post Office Research Station]], [[Dollis Hill]], to assist in [[cryptanalysis]] at [[Bletchley Park]].<ref>{{cite book|year=2006|editor-last=Copeland|editor-first=B. Jack|title=Colossus: the Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-284055-4}}</ref>
* May 17 – The [[United States Army]] contracts with the [[University of Pennsylvania]]'s Moore School to develop the [[ENIAC]].

==Earth sciences==
* February 20 – The [[cinder cone]] [[volcano]] [[Parícutin]] begins to appear in Mexico, giving volcanologists an unusual opportunity to observe its complete life cycle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Paricutin.html|title=The Eruption of Parícutin (1943-1952)|website=How Volcanoes Work|access-date=2012-10-23|archive-date=2007-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604150645/http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Paricutin.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/img_paricutin.html|title=Parícutin, Mexico|website=Volcano World|access-date=2012-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206080150/http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/img_paricutin.html|archive-date=2012-02-06|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mnh.si.edu/onehundredyears/expeditions/Paricutin.html|title=Parícutin: The Birth of a Volcano|publisher=[[Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History]]|access-date=2012-10-23|archive-date=2013-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103191416/http://www.mnh.si.edu/onehundredyears/expeditions/Paricutin.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Nuclear physics==
* January 1 – [[Project Y]], the [[Manhattan Project]]'s secret laboratory at [[Los Alamos, New Mexico]], for development and production of the [[History of nuclear weapons#From Los Alamos to Hiroshima|first atomic bombs]] under the direction of [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], begins operations.

==Pharmacology==
* March 23 – The drugs [[Vicodin]] and [[Lortab]] are made in Germany.
* October 19 – The [[antibiotic]] [[streptomycin]] (the first antibiotic remedy for [[tuberculosis]]) is first isolated by [[Albert Schatz (scientist)|Albert Schatz]] in the laboratory of [[Selman Abraham Waksman]] at [[Rutgers University]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal|author =Comroe, J. H. Jr|title=Pay dirt: the story of streptomycin. Part I: from Waksman to Waksman|journal=[[American Review of Respiratory Disease]]|year=1978|volume=117|issue=4|pages=773–781|pmid=417651|doi=10.1164/arrd.1978.117.4.773|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024}}</ref>
* December – [[Winston Churchill]]'s recurring [[bacterial pneumonia]] is successfully treated with the [[sulphapyridine]] [[May & Baker|M&B]] 693, a first-generation [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|sulphonamide]] [[antibiotic]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Surviving War; Declining Health|url=http://lincolnandchurchill.org/surviving-war-declining-health/|website=Lincoln & Churchill|publisher=Lehrman Institute|access-date=2017-01-21|date=2013-11-07}}</ref>
* A golden mould, ''Penicillium chrysogenum'', growing on an American [[cantaloupe]] in [[Peoria, Illinois]], is found to be ideal for mass production of [[penicillin]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Neushul|first=P.|date=1993|title=Science, government, and the mass production of penicillin|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8283024|journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences|volume=48|issue=4 |pages=371–395|doi=10.1093/jhmas/48.4.371|pmid=8283024}}</ref>

==Psychology==
* [[Abraham Maslow]] proposes the ''Hierarchy of Needs'' theory of [[psychology]] in his paper "A Theory of Human Motivation".

==Physiology and medicine==
* April 16–19 – [[Albert Hofmann]] discovers the [[hallucinogenic]] properties of [[lysergic acid diethylamide]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hallucinogenic-effects-of-lsd-discovered|title=Hallucinogenic effects of LSD discovered|publisher=The History Channel|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311115603/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hallucinogenic-effects-of-lsd-discovered|archive-date=2014-03-11}}</ref>
* [[Leo Kanner]] of the [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]] first publicly adopts the term ''[[autism]]'' in its modern sense in English in referring to ''early infantile autism''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kanner|first=L.|title=Autistic disturbances of affective contact|journal=Nervous Child|volume=2|pages=217–50|year=1943|issue=4|pmid=4880460}} Reprinted in: {{cite journal|year=1968|journal=Acta Paedopsychiatrica|volume=35|issue=4|pages=100–36|pmid=4880460|author =<!-- Pacify Citation bot. -->|title=none}}</ref>
* [[Warren Sturgis McCulloch|Warren S. McCulloch]] and [[Walter Pitts]] publish "A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity" in ''Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics'', considered seminal in [[neural network]] theory.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ken|last=Aizawa|year=2004|url=http://philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/mcculloch.html|title=McCulloch, Warren Sturgis|website=Dictionary of the Philosophy of Mind|access-date=2011-12-03}}</ref>
* Dr. [[Willem Johan Kolff|Willem J. Kolff]] builds the first [[dialysis machine]], in the [[History of the Netherlands (1939–1945)|occupied Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Moore|first=Carrie A.|url=http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,705284493,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090217040141/http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,705284493,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 17, 2009|title=Kolff, 'father of artificial organs,' dies at 97|newspaper=[[Deseret News]]|location=Salt Lake City|date=2009-02-11|access-date=2012-06-13}}</ref>
* New Zealand-born British [[anaesthetist]] [[Robert Macintosh]] introduces his new curved [[laryngoscope]] blade for [[tracheal intubation]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=R. R.|last=Macintosh|title=A new laryngoscope|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=241|issue=6233|pages=205|year=1943|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)89390-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Scott|first1=J.|last2=Baker|first2=P. A.|title=How did the Macintosh laryngoscope become so popular?|journal=Pediatric Anesthesia|volume=19|issue=Supplement 1|pages=24–9|year=2009|pmid=19572841|doi=10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03026.x|s2cid=6345531|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Technology==
* March 5 – The [[Gloster Meteor]], the first operational military [[jet aircraft]] for the [[Allies of World War II]], has its first test flight, in England.
* May 16–17 – [[Operation Chastise]]: British [[Royal Air Force]] attacks [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[dam]]s using '[[bouncing bomb]]s' designed by [[Barnes Wallis]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Flower|first=Stephen|year=2002|title=A Hell Of A Bomb|publisher=Tempus|isbn=978-0-7524-2386-9}}</ref>
* [[Lyle Goodhue]] and [[William Sullivan (inventor)|William Sullivan]] [[patent]] the refillable [[aerosol spray]] in the United States, for use with [[mosquito]]–[[Insect repellent|repellant]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1=McGrath, Kimberley A.|editor2=Travers, Bridget E.|title=World of Invention|url=http://www.bookrags.com/research/aerosol-spray-woi/|publisher=Thomson Gale |location=Detroit |isbn=978-0-7876-2759-1|access-date=27 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605044031/http://www.bookrags.com/research/aerosol-spray-woi/|archive-date=5 June 2011|url-status=live|year=1999}}</ref>
* [[Krueger flap]]s for aircraft wings are invented by [[Werner Krüger]] and evaluated in the wind tunnels in [[Göttingen]].

==Awards==
* [[Nobel Prize]]s
** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Otto Stern]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[George de Hevesy]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Carl Peter Henrik Dam]], [[Edward Adelbert Doisy]]

==Births==
* January 14 – [[Ralph Steinman]] (died [[2011 in science|2011]]), Canadian-born cell biologist, awarded [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (2011).
* April 26 – [[Christiane Floyd]], Austrian-born computer scientist.
* May 9 – [[Colin Pillinger]] (died [[2014 in science|2014]]), English [[astrophysicist]].
* May 14 – [[Richard Peto]], English [[epidemiologist]].
* June 6 – [[Richard Smalley]] (died [[2005 in science|2005]]), American organic chemist, recipient of [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1996) for discovery of [[buckminsterfullerene]].
* June 16 – [[Nancy Hopkins (scientist)|Nancy Doe Hopkins]], American molecular biologist and advocate for women in science.
* June 22 – [[J. Michael Kosterlitz]], Scottish-born condensed matter physicist, winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (2016).
* June 23 – [[Vint Cerf]], American Internet pioneer.
* July 11 – [[Hilary Kahn]] (died [[2007 in science|2007]]), [[South Africa]]n-born English computer scientist.
* August 3 – [[Masato Sagawa]], Japanese inventor.
* August 10 – [[Louis E. Brus]], American chemist, recipient of Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2023).
* August 29 – [[Arthur B. McDonald]], Canadian astrophysicist, recipient of Nobel Prize in Physics (2015).
* September 20 – [[Richard McGehee]], American mathematician working on [[celestial mechanics]].
* December 7 – [[Nick Katz]], American mathematician.
* [[Mary Lake Polan]], American [[obstetrician]] and [[gynecologist]].
* [[Steen Willadsen]], [[Danes|Danish]]-born [[embryologist]].

==Deaths==
* January 5 – [[George Washington Carver]] (born c.[[1864 in science|1864]]), [[African American]] agricultural [[botanist]].
* January 7 – [[Nikola Tesla]] (born [[1856 in science|1856]]), [[Serbian American]] [[inventor]].
* January 24 – [[Carl Brigham]] (born [[1890 in science|1890]]), American pioneer of [[psychometrics]].
* January 26 – [[Nikolai Vavilov]] (born [[1887 in science|1887]]), Russian [[plant pathologist]] (in prison).
* February 14 – [[David Hilbert]] (born [[1862 in science|1862]]), German [[mathematician]].
* February 20 – [[Ernest Guglielminetti]] (born [[1862 in science|1862]]), [[Swiss people|Swiss]] [[physician]]<ref>{{in lang|it|fr|de}} {{Cite web |last=Heldner |first=Paul |title=Guglielminetti, Ernest |url=http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F14394.php |publisher=Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse  |date =21 July 2005 |accessdate = 13 February 2021 }}</ref>
* February 23 – [[Abraham Buschke]] (born [[1868 in science|1868]]), [[German Jews|German Jewish]] [[dermatologist]] (in [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]]).
* March 2 – [[Gisela Januszewska]] (born [[1867 in science|1867]]), Austrian public health [[physician]] (in Theresienstadt concentration camp).<ref>{{cite book|first=Ingrid|last=Arias|title=Im Dienste der Volksgesundheit: Frauen – Gesundheitswesen – Nationalsozialismus|trans-title=In the Service of Public Health: Women, Healthcare, Nazism|location=Vienna|publisher=Verlagshaus der Ärzte|year=2006|page=87|isbn=978-3-90148-886-3|language=DE}}</ref>
* March 28 – [[Robert W. Paul]] (born [[1869 in science|1869]]), English pioneer of cinematography.
* April 8 – [[Kiyotsugu Hirayama]] (born [[1874 in science|1874]]), Japanese [[astronomer]].
* June 26 – [[Karl Landsteiner]] (born [[1868 in science|1868]]), Austrian-born American Jewish [[physiologist]].
* July 5 – [[Charles Gandy]] (born [[1872 in science|1872]]), French [[physician]].
* July 7 – [[Hugh Whistler]] (born [[1889 in science|1889]]), English [[ornithologist]] of India.
* September 23 – [[John Bradfield (engineer)|John Bradfield]] (born 1867), Australian [[civil engineer]].
* September 30 – [[Carl Edvard Johansson]] (born [[1864 in science|1864]]), [[Swedes|Swedish]] [[metrologist]].
* October 1 – [[Albert Stewart Meek]] (born [[1871 in science|1871]]), English-born Australian [[ornithologist]].
* November 14 – [[Frank Leverett]] (born [[1859 in science|1859]]), American [[glaciologist]].
* November 20 – [[Bertha Lamme Feicht]] (born [[1869 in science|1869]]), American electrical engineer.

==References==
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:20th century in science]]
[[Category:1940s in science]]