Editing 1967 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1967|science}}
{{Science year nav|1967}}

The year '''1967 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below.

==Anthropology==
* October 12 – [[Desmond Morris]] publishes ''[[The Naked Ape]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_3116000/3116329.stm|title=1967: The Naked Ape steps out|work=On This Day|publisher=[[BBC News]]|accessdate=2011-08-24|date=1967-10-12}}</ref>

==Astronomy and space exploration==
* January 27 – Astronauts [[Gus Grissom]], [[Ed White (astronaut)|Ed White]], and [[Roger B. Chaffee]] are killed in a fire during a plugs-out test for [[Apollo 1]].
* January 27 – The United States, [[Soviet Union]] and [[United Kingdom|UK]] sign the [[Outer Space Treaty]].
* April 20 – [[Surveyor 3]] [[unmanned space missions|probe]] lands on the [[Moon]].
* April 24 – [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[astronaut|cosmonaut]] [[Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov|Vladimir Komarov]] is killed during the landing of [[Soyuz 1]].
* October 18 – The Soviet [[Venera 4]] probe descends through the [[Venus]]ian atmosphere, which it analyzes.
* October 19 – [[Mariner 5]] probe flies by [[Venus]].
* November 9 – [[Apollo program]]: [[NASA]] launches a [[Saturn V]] rocket carrying the unmanned [[Apollo 4]] test spacecraft from [[Cape Kennedy]].
* November – [[Pulsar]]s discovered by [[Jocelyn Bell Burnell]] working with [[Antony Hewish]] at the [[University of Cambridge]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Observation of a Rapidly Pulsating Radio Source|last=Hewish|first=A.|author2=Bell, S. J.|author3= Pilkington, J. D. H.|author4= Scott, P. F.|author5= Collins, R. A.|date=24 February 1968|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=217|issue=5130|pages=709–713|doi=10.1038/217709a0|bibcode=1968Natur.217..709H|s2cid=4277613 }}</ref> for which Hewish is awarded a [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1974. These rapidly pulsating radio sources are explained a year later as rotating [[neutron star]]s.
* [[NRAO]] builds the 36-foot [[Radio telescopes|Radio Telescope]], [[1984 in science|later to become]] the [[ARO 12m Radio Telescope]].

==Biology==
* [[Common chimpanzee|Chimpanzee]] [[Washoe (chimpanzee)|Washoe]] begins to learn [[American Sign Language]].
* [[Robert H. MacArthur]] and [[E. O. Wilson]] publish ''The Theory of Island Biogeography''.

==Cartography==
* [[Arno Peters]] reinvents the [[Gall–Peters projection|Gall orthographic]] [[equal-area projection]].

==Computing==
* May – [[Ole-Johan Dahl]] and [[Kristen Nygaard]] present their paper on [[Class (computer programming)|Class]] and [[Subclass (computer science)|Subclass]] declarations at the IFIP Working Conference on [[simulation language]]s in [[Oslo]]. This paper becomes the first formal definition of [[Simula 67]]. 
* June – [[CDC 7600]] [[supercomputer]] released.

==Mathematics==
* [[Errett Bishop]] publishes ''Foundations of Constructive Analysis'', proving [[theorem]]s in [[real analysis]] using [[constructive analysis]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|page=69}}</ref>
* Michael Goldberg demonstrates that none of the original [[Malfatti circles]] are ever optimal.<ref>{{cite book|first=David|last=Acheson|title=1089 and All That|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2002|isbn=0-19-851623-1|page=106}}</ref>
* [[Robert Langlands]] proposes [[Langlands program|his conjectures]].<ref>{{citation|last=Langlands|first=Robert|title=Letter to Prof. Weil.|year=1967|url=http://publications.ias.edu/rpl/section/21}}</ref>
* PhD students William M. Boyce and John P. Huneke independently prove the [[common fixed point problem]] conjecture to be false by providing examples of commuting functions on a closed interval that do not have a common fixed point.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Robert F.|date=2021-01-15|title=A Good Question Won't Go Away: An Example Of Mathematical Research|url=https://www.math.ucla.edu/~rfb/commutex5.pdf|journal=The American Mathematical Monthly|volume=128|issue=1|pages=62–68|doi=10.1080/00029890.2021.1847592}}</ref>

==Physics==
* The [[electroweak interaction]] theory is introduced by [[Steven Weinberg]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Weinberg|first=S.|url=http://astrophysics.fic.uni.lodz.pl/100yrs/pdf/12/066.pdf|title=A Model of Leptons|journal=[[Physical Review Letters]]|volume=19|issue=21|pages=1264–1266|year=1967|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.1264|bibcode=1967PhRvL..19.1264W|access-date=2014-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112142352/http://astrophysics.fic.uni.lodz.pl/100yrs/pdf/12/066.pdf|archive-date=2012-01-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The [[Toda lattice]] is introduced by [[Morikazu Toda]] as a simple model for a one-dimensional crystal in [[solid state physics]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=Morikazu|last=Toda|title=Vibration of a chain with a non-linear interaction|journal=[[Journal of the Physical Society of Japan]]|volume=22|issue=2|year=1967|pages=431–436|doi=10.1143/JPSJ.22.431|bibcode=1967JPSJ...22..431T}}</ref>

==Physiology and medicine==
* January 12 – The body of American psychologist Dr [[James Bedford]] becomes the first to undergo [[cryopreservation]] with the intent of future resuscitation.
* May – Dr [[René Favaloro]] performs the first [[Great saphenous vein|saphenous vein]] [[autograft]] in [[coronary artery bypass surgery]], at the [[Cleveland Clinic]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Favaloro|first=René G.|title=Acute coronary insufficiency (impending myocardial infarction and myocardial infarction): surgical treatment by the saphenous vein graft technique|journal=[[American Journal of Cardiology]]|volume=28|issue=5|pages=598–607|date=November 1971|pmid=5116978|doi=10.1016/0002-9149(71)90104-4|s2cid=2643284 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>
* August – [[1967 Marburg virus outbreak in West Germany]] leads to identification of [[Marburg virus]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Siegert|first1=R.|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1055/s-0028-1106144|title=Zur Ätiologie einer unbekannten, von Affen ausgegangenen menschlichen Infektionskrankheit|journal=Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift|volume=92|issue=51|pages=2341–3|year=2009|pmid=4294540}}</ref>
* October 14 – [[Ruth Sonntag Nussenzweig]] publishes her demonstration that mice can acquire immunity to the ''[[Plasmodium berghei]]'' parasite by exposing the mice to ''P. berghei'' [[sporozoites]] that have been inactivated by [[X-ray]] [[irradiation]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Nussenzweig|first=Ruth|author2=Vanderberg, J.|author3=Most, H.|author4=Orton, C.|title=Protective Immunity produced by the Injection of X-irradiated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei|journal=Nature|volume=216|pages=160–162|date=1967-10-14|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v216/n5111/Antibodies/216160a0.html|doi=10.1038/216160a0|accessdate=2016-03-03|issue=5111|pmid=6057225|bibcode=1967Natur.216..160N|s2cid=4283134 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* December 3 – Dr [[Christiaan Barnard]] and a team including his brother [[Marius Barnard (surgeon)|Marius]] perform the first successful human [[heart transplantation]], at [[Groote Schuur Hospital]] in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]], on [[Louis Washkansky]], who survives for eighteen days before dying of [[pneumonia]].
* December 6 – Dr [[Adrian Kantrowitz]] performs the first pediatric heart transplant, at [[Maimonides Medical Center]] in [[Brooklyn]], United States, on a 19-day-old infant, who survives for six hours.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lyons|first=Richard D.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/12/07/archives/heart-transplant-fails-to-save-2weekold-baby-in-brooklyn-heart.html|title=Heart Transplant Fails to Save 2-Week-old Baby in Brooklyn|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=7 December 1967|accessdate=2008-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837606,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215133953/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,837606,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 15, 2008|title=The Ultimate Operation|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=15 December 1967|accessdate=2008-11-19}}</ref>
* [[Thomas Starzl]] performs the first successful human [[liver transplantation]], at the [[University of Colorado Health Sciences Center]].
* First use, in a case of [[myocardial infarction]], of the [[intra-aortic balloon pump]] invented by Dr [[Adrian Kantrowitz]] and his brother [[Arthur Kantrowitz|Arthur]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Hoffman|first=Jascha|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/19/us/19kantrowiztz.html|title=Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz, Cardiac Pioneer, Dies at 90|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=19 November 2008|accessdate=2008-11-19}}</ref>
* [[Neurosurgeon]]s [[Jean Talairach]] and Gabor Szikla create the [[Talairach coordinates]] for [[brain mapping]].<ref>In their ''Talairach Atlas''. {{cite book|first=Arthur W.|last=Toga|title=Brain Warping|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WdlWJepgWMC&pg=PA264|year=1998|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-08-052554-9|page=264}}</ref>
* [[Charles Kelman]] introduces [[phacoemulsification]] for [[cataract surgery]].
* [[St Christopher's Hospice]], the world's first purpose-built secular [[hospice]] specialising in [[palliative care]] of the [[terminally ill]], is established in [[South London]] by [[Cicely Saunders]] with the support of [[Albertine Winner]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Mary|last=Baines|title=History|url=http://www.stchristophers.org.uk/about/history|publisher=St Christopher's|accessdate=2012-08-08}}</ref>

==Technology==
* June 27 – The first [[automated teller machine]], devised by [[John Shepherd-Barron]], enters service, in London.<ref>{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=978-0-14-102715-9|year=2006}}</ref>
* Date unknown – The first [[hydraulic breaker]] "Hydraulikhammer HM 400" is invented by German company [[Krupp]].

==Awards==
* [[Nobel Prize]]s
** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Hans Bethe]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Manfred Eigen]], [[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish]], [[George Porter]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Ragnar Granit]], [[Haldan Keffer Hartline]], [[George Wald]]
* [[Turing Award]] – [[Maurice Vincent Wilkes]]

==Births==
* February 24 – [[Brian Schmidt]], Australian astrophysicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (2011).
* [[Ardem Patapoutian]], Armenian-American neurophysicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine]] (2021).

==Deaths==
* January 3 – [[Reginald Punnett]] (born [[1875 in science|1875]]), [[English people|English]] [[geneticist]].
* January 16 – [[Robert J. Van de Graaff]] (born [[1901 in science|1901]]), [[Americans|American]] [[physicist]].
* January 19 – [[Casimir Funk]] (born [[1884 in science|1884]]), [[Polish people|Polish]] [[biochemist]], coined the term [[vitamin]].
* January 27 – [[Apollo 1]] American [[astronaut]]s
** [[Roger Chaffee]] (born [[1935 in science|1935]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Roger B. Chaffee {{!}} American astronaut |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-B-Chaffee |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=19 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Gus Grissom]] (born [[1926 in science|1926]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgil I. Grissom {{!}} American astronaut |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Virgil-I-Grissom |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=19 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Ed White (astronaut)|Ed White]] (born [[1930 in science|1930]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Edward H. White II {{!}} American astronaut |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-H-White-II |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=19 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* February 18 – [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] (born [[1904 in science|1904]]), American physicist.
* March 27 – [[Jaroslav Heyrovský]] (born [[1890 in science|1890]]), [[Czech people|Czech]] [[chemist]].
* April 5 – [[Hermann Joseph Muller]] (born [[1890 in science|1890]]), American geneticist.
* April 24 – [[Vladimir Komarov]] (born [[1927 in science|1927]]), Soviet Russian [[Astronaut|cosmonaut]] on [[Soyuz 1]].
* May 5 – [[Owen Thomas Jones]] (born [[1878 in science|1878]]), [[Welsh people|Welsh]] [[geologist]].
* May 27 – [[Tilly Edinger]] (born [[1897 in science|1897]]), [[German American]] [[Paleoneurology|paleoneurologist]].
* August 22 – [[Gregory Goodwin Pincus]] (born [[1903 in science|1903]]), American [[biologist]], co-inventor of the [[combined oral contraceptive pill]].
* October 27 – [[Kurt Schneider]] (born [[1887 in science|1887]]), [[Germans|German]] [[psychiatrist]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

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