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1970 in science
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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> {{Year nav topic5|1970|science}} {{Science year nav|1970}} The year '''1970 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events, listed below. ==Astronomy and space exploration== * February 11 – The [[Ohsumi (satellite)|Ohsumi]] satellite is launched, making [[Japan]] the [[Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes#1970s|fourth country to launch a satellite into orbit]]. * March 31 – The [[Explorer 1]] satellite reenters the [[Earth's atmosphere]] after 12 years in [[orbit]]. * April 11 – The [[Apollo 13]] space mission is launched, but has to be aborted on April 13. * April 17 – Apollo 13 returns safely to [[Earth]]. * June 1 – [[Soyuz 9]], a two-man spacecraft, is launched from the [[Soviet Union]] for an orbital flight of nearly 18 days, an endurance record at this time. * August 31 – [[Solar eclipse of August 31, 1970]]: An annular solar eclipse is visible in Oceania, and is the 14th solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 144]]. * September 20 – [[Luna 16]] lands on the Moon and lifts off the next day with samples, landing back on Earth September 24. * October 20 – The [[Zond 8]] lunar orbiter is launched by the Soviet Union. * November 17 – [[Lunokhod 1]], the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world, lands on [[Mare Imbrium]] on [[Moon|the Moon]] after being released by the orbiting [[Luna 17]] spacecraft. * December 15 – [[Venera 7]] lands on [[Venus]] and becomes the first [[spacecraft]] to transmit data from another planet successfully (launched August 17). ==Biology== * August – ''[[Songs of the Humpback Whale (album)|Songs of the Humpback Whale]]'', produced by [[Roger Payne]], is released, publicly demonstrating [[whale vocalization]] for the first time and becoming influential in public support for [[whale conservation]].<ref>{{cite news|last=McLellan|first=Joseph|title=It's a Whale of a Song|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1978/12/26/its-a-whale-of-a-song/f3abd074-8281-488b-a11a-3f7bea81080b/|access-date=2022-11-28|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=1977-12-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Andersen|first=Kurt|title=How Pop Music Helped Save the Whales|url=http://www.studio360.org/story/how-pop-music-helped-save-the-whales/|website=Studio 360|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110135754/http://www.studio360.org/story/how-pop-music-helped-save-the-whales/|access-date=2022-08-03|archive-date=2015-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thewire.co.uk/in-writing/essays/nature_s-greatest-hit_the-old-and-new-songs-of-the-humpback-whale|title=Nature's greatest hit: The old and new songs of the humpback whale|first=David|last=Rothenberg|website=The Wire}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/06/the-songs-that-saved-the-whales|title='It always hits me hard': how a haunting album helped save the whales|first=Tim|last=Lewis|newspaper=The Observer|date=2020-12-06|location=London|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> * The [[Parc naturel régional de Camargue]] is established in the south of [[France]]. ==Chemistry== * August – [[Ulrich K. Laemmli]]'s refinement of the [[SDS-PAGE]] method is published.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Laemmli, U. K.|title=Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=227|issue=5259|pages=680–685|date=1970|pmid=5432063|doi=10.1038/227680a0|bibcode=1970Natur.227..680L|s2cid=3105149}}</ref> ==Computer science== * January 1 – [[Unix time]] begins at 00:00:00 [[UTC]]. * June – The [[Datapoint 2200]] is announced by the [[Computer Terminal Corporation]] (CTC). * June–August – The programming language [[FLOW (programming language)|FLOW]] is devised by [[Jef Raskin]]. * November 17 – The first [[United States]] [[patent]] for the [[computer mouse]] is issued to [[Douglas Engelbart]].<ref>{{US patent |3541541}}.</ref> * [[Bomber (novel)|''Bomber'']] by [[Len Deighton]], the first novel written on a [[word processor]] (the [[IBM MT/ST]]), is published in [[England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/books/2013/03/len_deighton_s_bomber_the_first_book_ever_written_on_a_word_processor.single.html|title=The Book-Writing Machine: What was the first novel ever written on a word processor?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=2013-03-01|accessdate=2016-02-21|last=Kirschenbaum|first=Matthew}}</ref> * The first [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] [[compiler]] is released by [[Niklaus Wirth]].<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/10722581_1 | doi=10.1007/10722581_1 | chapter=The Development of Procedural Programming Languages Personal Contributions and Perspectives | title=Modular Programming Languages | series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science | year=2000 | last1=Wirth | first1=Niklaus | volume=1897 | pages=1–10 | isbn=978-3-540-67958-5 }}</ref> * The [[Xerox PARC]] computer laboratory is opened in [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]], [[California]]. ==Earth sciences== * January 4 – The [[1970 Tonghai earthquake|Tonghai earthquake]] (7.1 {{M|w}}) occurs in [[Tonghai County]], [[Yunnan]] province, [[China]], killing an estimated 14,621 and injuring 26,783.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}} * May 24 – Drilling on the [[Kola Superdeep Borehole]] begins on the [[Kola Peninsula]] of [[Russia]]. ==Mathematics== * [[Conway's Game of Life]] is devised by [[John Horton Conway]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gardner|first=Martin|authorlink=Martin Gardner|title=Mathematical Games – The fantastic combinations of John Conway's new solitaire game "life"|volume=223|work=[[Scientific American]]|date=October 1970|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ahaahainsight00gard/page/120 120–123]|url=https://archive.org/details/ahaahainsight00gard/page/120|accessdate=2011-06-26|isbn=0-89454-001-7|url-access=registration}}</ref> * [[Kurt Gödel]]'s [[Gödel's ontological proof|ontological proof]] of the existence of God is circulated.<ref>{{cite book|first=John W. Jr.|last=Dawson|title=Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Godel|publisher=A. K. Peters Ltd|location=Wellesley, Mass.|year=1997|isbn=1-56881-025-3}}</ref> ==Medicine== * The [[Dubowitz Score]] for estimating the [[gestational age]] of babies is published by [[Lilly Dubowitz|Lilly]] and [[Victor Dubowitz]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Mercuri|first=Eugenio|date=2016-05-08|title=Lilly Dubowitz obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/may/08/lilly-dubowitz-obituary|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|accessdate=2020-06-24}}</ref> * The [[Exeter hip|Exeter hip replacement]] stem is first implanted at the [[Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom|Princess Elizabeth]] Orthopaedic Hospital in [[Exeter]], England.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/oct/20/robin-ling-obituary|title=Robin Ling obituary|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2017-10-20|first=A. John|last=Timperley|accessdate=2018-01-07}}</ref> * The first case of [[monkeypox]] in humans is identified in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Monkeypox|url=https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/index.html|website=CDC|access-date=2017-10-15|date=2015-05-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015113128/https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/index.html|archive-date=2017-10-15}}</ref> ==Physics== * The [[GIM mechanism]] is predicted by [[Sheldon Glashow]], [[John Iliopoulos]] and [[Luciano Maiani]].<ref>{{cite journal|first1=S. L.|last1=Glashow|first2=J.|last2=Iliopoulos|first3=L.|last3=Maiani|year=1970|title=Weak Interactions with Lepton–Hadron Symmetry|journal=[[Physical Review D]]|volume=2|pages=1285–1292|url=http://prd.aps.org/pdf/PRD/v2/i7/p1285_1|doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1285|bibcode=1970PhRvD...2.1285G|issue=7|access-date=2011-11-11|archive-date=2012-07-12|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712140640/http://prd.aps.org/pdf/PRD/v2/i7/p1285_1|url-status=dead|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ==Psychology== * The [[minimal group paradigm]] is developed by [[Henri Tajfel]]. * ''[[Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, Volume I]]'' is published by [[Konrad Lorenz]]. ==Technology== * June 2 – The [[Cleddau Bridge]] collapses during construction in [[Wales]], killing four and leading to the introduction of new standards for [[box girder bridge]]s in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|author=Department of the Environment (Merrison Committee of Inquiry)|title=Inquiry into the Basis of Design and Method of Erection of Steel Box Girder Bridges|publisher=[[HMSO]]|location=London|year=1973}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=How safe are our bridges?|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6929777.stm|work=[[BBC News Online]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=2007-08-03|access-date=2008-01-30}}</ref> ==Events== * June 19 – The [[Patent Cooperation Treaty]] (PCT) is signed into [[international law]], providing a unified procedure for filing [[patent application]]s. ==Awards== * [[Fields Medal|Fields Prize in Mathematics]] – [[Alan Baker (mathematician)|Alan Baker]], [[Heisuke Hironaka]], [[Sergei Novikov (mathematician)|Sergei Novikov]] and [[John Griggs Thompson]] * [[Nobel Prize]]s: ** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Hannes Alfvén]], [[Louis Néel]] ** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Luis F. Leloir]] ** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Bernard Katz]], [[Ulf von Euler]], [[Julius Axelrod]] * [[Turing Award]] – [[James H. Wilkinson]] ==Births== * March 27 – [[Eleanor Maguire]], [[Ireland|Irish]]-born [[Neuropsychology|neuropsychologist]]. * August 1 – [[Elon Lindenstrauss]], [[Israelis|Israeli]] [[mathematician]]. * September 3 – [[Stanislav Smirnov]], Russian-born mathematician. ==Deaths== * January 5 – [[Max Born]] (b. [[1882 in science|1882]]), [[Germans|German]] [[physicist]] and recipient of the [[1954#Nobel Prizes|1954 Nobel Prize]] in physics.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iZtRAAAAIBAJ&pg=5297%2C1066126 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |location=(Pennsylvania, U.S.)|agency=Associated Press |title=Nobel prize winner dies |date=6 January 1970 |page=26 }}</ref> * January 27 – [[Marietta Blau]] (b. [[1894 in science|1894]]), [[Austria|Austrian]] physicist.<ref>{{cite book|first=Leopold E.|last=Halpen|chapter=Marietta Blau|editor-first1=Marelene F.|editor-last1=Rayner-Canham|editor-first2=Geoffrey|editor-last2=Rayner-Canham|title=A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity|location=Montréal|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|year=1997|isbn=978-0-77351-642-7|page=203}}</ref> * April 27 – [[Orii Hyōjirō]] (b. [[1883 in science|1883]]), Japanese animal specimen collector. * May 1 – [[Ralph Hartley]] (b. [[1888 in science|1888]]), American [[electrical engineer]]. * July 20 – [[Margaret Reed Lewis]] (b. [[1881 in science|1881]]), American [[cell biologist]]. * July 29 – [[Emanuel Miller]] (b. [[1892 in science|1892]]), [[England|English]] [[child psychiatrist]]. * August 1 – [[Otto Heinrich Warburg]] (b. [[1883 in science|1883]]), German [[physiologist]] and winner of the [[1931#Nobel Prizes|1931 Nobel Prize]] in physiology or medicine.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Roswitha Schmid|author2=Hans Adolf Krebs|title=Otto Warburg: Cell Physiologist, Biochemist, and Eccentric|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1981|page=v}}</ref> * September 22 – [[Vojtěch Jarník]] (b. [[1897 in science|1897]]), [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[mathematician]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1970 In Science}} [[Category:1970 in science| ]] [[Category:20th century in science]] [[Category:1970s in science]]
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