Editing 1973 Rome airport attacks and hijacking

{{short description|Terrorist attacks}}
{{distinguish|1985 Rome and Vienna airport attacks}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox terrorist attack
| title = 1973 Rome airport attacks
| image = Strage di Fiumicino 1973 (1 of 11).jpg
| caption = 
| location = {{Plainlist|
*[[Rome]], Italy (primary)
*[[Athens]], Greece
*[[Damascus]], Syria
*[[Kuwait]]
}}
| map = {{Location map+ | Middle East
| width = 300
| caption = Initial attack site at [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino International Airport]] in Rome and hijacked airliner landing sites
|float = center
| places =
 {{Location map~ | Middle East
 | label = '''[[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Rome]]'''
 | label_size = 130
 | position = left
 | background = white
 | mark = Red pog.svg
 | alt = Initial attack site at Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport in Rome, Italy
 | link = Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport
 | lat_deg = 41 | lat_min = 48 | lat_sec = 01 | lat_dir = N
 | lon_deg = 12 | lon_min = 14 | lon_sec = 20 | lon_dir = E
 }}
 {{Location map~| Middle East
 | label = [[Athens]]
 | label_size = 100
 | position = left
 | background = white
 | mark = Red pog.svg
 | alt = Intermediate landing site in Athens, Greece
 | link = Athens, Greece
 | lat_deg = 37 | lat_min = 53 | lat_sec = 54 | lat_dir = N
 | lon_deg = 23 | lon_min = 43 | lon_sec = 46 | lon_dir = E
 }}
 {{Location map~| Middle East
 | label = [[Damascus]]
 | label_size = 100
 | position = left
 | background = white
 | mark = Red pog.svg
 | alt = Intermediate landing site in Damascus, Syria
 | link = Damascus, Syria
 | lat_deg = 33 | lat_min = 24 | lat_sec = 41 | lat_dir = N
 | lon_deg = 36 | lon_min = 30 | lon_sec = 56 | lon_dir = E
 }}
 {{Location map~| Middle East
 | label = '''[[Kuwait]]'''
 | label_size = 130
 | position = right
 | background = white
 | mark = Red pog.svg
 | alt = Final landing site in Kuwait
 | link = Kuwait
 | lat_deg = 29 | lat_min = 13 | lat_sec = 36 | lat_dir = N
 | lon_deg = 47 | lon_min = 58 | lon_sec = 48 | lon_dir = E
 }}
}}
| target = Aircraft in [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport]]
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] / [[UTC+01:00]]
| type = [[Terrorism]], [[aircraft hijacking]], [[hostage crisis]], [[firebombing]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|41|48|01|N|12|14|20|E|dim:30_region:IT-RM_type:event|display=inline,title|name=Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport}}
| date = 17–18 December 1973
| fatalities = 34
| injuries = At least 22 (including 1 terrorist)
}}
In December 1973, [[Fatah]], a Palestinian military organization executed  series of attacks originating at [[Rome-Fiumicino Airport]] in Italy which resulted in the deaths of 34 people.<ref name=mipt>{{cite web|title=TKB Incident Page: Other Group attacked Airports & Airlines target (Dec. 17, 1973, Italy)|url=http://www.tkb.org/Incident.jsp?incID=1190|work=MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base|publisher=[[Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism]]|access-date=10 April 2007|author=RAND Corporation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930030324/http://www.tkb.org/Incident.jsp?incID=1190|archive-date=30 September 2007|location=Oklahoma City, Oklahoma|date=3 April 2001|author-link = RAND Corporation}}</ref> The attacks began with an airport-terminal invasion and hostage-taking, followed by the firebombing of a [[Pan Am]] aircraft and the hijacking of a [[Lufthansa]] flight.

Pan Am Flight 110 was scheduled to depart from Rome, Italy and arrive in [[Tehran]], Iran, by way of [[Beirut]], Lebanon. On 17 December 1973, shortly before [[takeoff]], the [[airport terminal]] and the flight aircraft were attacked and the aircraft was set on fire by armed Palestinian gunmen, resulting in the deaths of thirty persons on the plane and two in the terminal.
<ref name=gtd1>{{cite web|title=Incident Summary for GTDID: 197312170002|url=http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=197312170002|work=Global Terrorism Database|publisher=[[National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism]] (START)|access-date=2 February 2014|location=College Park, Maryland|year=2012}}</ref>

Following the Flight 110 attack, the gunmen [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]] Lufthansa Flight 303 and killed two more people. They ended up in the [[Legal guardian|custody]] of the [[Kuwait]]i authorities.<ref name=gtd2>{{cite web|title=Incident Summary for GTDID: 197312170003|url=http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=197312170003|work=Global Terrorism Database|publisher=[[National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism]] (START)|access-date=2 February 2014|location=College Park, Maryland|year=2012}}</ref>

Since the public has never been provided with unambiguous, official proof as to which power or organization commissioned the attack, the real motives remain unknown to this day. However, this terrorist operation on Italian soil can be related to another event: on the very same December 17 date as the Fiumicino massacre, a hearing had been scheduled for the criminal trial of the terrorists, already detained in Italy, of the earlier failed terrorist attack in [[Ostia (Rome)]].

== Background ==
{{Campaignbox Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon}}
{{main|Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon}}
Since the ousting of the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) from Jordan, following the [[Black September in Jordan|Jordanian-Palestinian civil war]], Palestinian military organizations made South Lebanon their headquarters and base of operations, enlisting militants from Palestinian refugee camps. South Lebanon was referred to as ''Fatah-land'', due to the almost complete control of Fatah and other military Palestinian organizations over this -officially Lebanese- area, which they used to stage attacks against Israel, mainly targeting civilians, and to engage in armed operations abroad, termed "acts of terrorism."

== Terminal invasion and firebombing of Pan Am Flight 110 ==
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name            = Pan Am Flight 110
| date            = {{Start date|1973|12|17|df=y}}
| type            = Aircraft attack, [[arson]]
| occurrence_type = Incident
| outcome         = 
| image           = StrageFiumicino1973.jpg
| image_upright   = 1.16
| caption         = ''Clipper Celestial'' on fire shortly after the attack
| site            = [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino International Airport]]
| coordinates     = {{Coord|41|48|01|N|12|14|20|E|dim:30_region:IT-RM_type:event|display=inline|name=Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport}}
| occupants       = 177
| passengers      = 167
| crew            = 10
| injuries        = 20
| fatalities      = 30
| survivors       = 147
| aircraft_type   = [[Boeing 707|Boeing 707-321B]]
| aircraft_name   = ''Clipper Celestial''
| callsign        = CLIPPER 110
| tail_number     = N407PA
| origin          = [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport]], Italy
| stopover        = [[Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport]], [[Beirut]], Lebanon
| destination     = [[Mehrabad International Airport]], [[Tehran]], Iran
| operator        = [[Pan American World Airways|Pan Am]]
}}

On 17 December 1973, Pan Am Flight 110 was scheduled to fly from [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport|Leonardo da Vinci International Airport]] in Rome to [[Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport|Beirut International Airport]] in Lebanon and then on to [[Tehran]], Iran. At the controls of the [[Boeing 707|Boeing 707-321B]] ([[Aircraft registration|registration]] {{Airreg|N|407PA|,}} name ''Clipper Celestial'')<ref name=ainet/> were [[Pilot in command|Captain]] Andrew Erbeck,<ref name=tmj-18dec73p1>{{cite news |title=Pilots Wife Died in Fire |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19731218&id=plQ0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=iX4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=3392,4965221 |access-date=11 February 2015 |work=[[The Milwaukee Journal]] |publisher=Newspapers, Inc. |date=18 December 1973 |pages=1 |format=scanned |via=news.google.com |agency=AFP |archive-date=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526213630/https://news.google.com/topstories?gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen%2F |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[First Officer (civil aviation)|First Officer]] Robert Davison, and [[Flight engineer]] Kenneth Pfrang.<ref name=aramex-dec73/><ref name=tms-recall-dec73>{{cite news |title=State Man Recalls Attack |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19731219&id=NfQVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pxEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6396,431157 |access-date=11 February 2015 |work=[[The Milwaukee Sentinel]] |agency=UPI |date=19 December 1973 |page=3 (of Part 1) |format=scanned |via=news.google.com |archive-date=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526213634/https://news.google.com/topstories?gl=US&ceid=US%3Aen%2F |url-status=dead }}</ref>

At approximately 12:51 local time in Rome, just as Flight 110 was preparing to [[taxiing|taxi]], five suspects made their way through the [[Airport terminal|terminal building]], armed with [[automatic firearm]]s and [[grenade]]s. The terrorists removed [[submachine gun]]s from hand-luggage bags and began firing throughout the terminal, shattering windows and killing two people. Pilots and crew in the [[cockpit]] of the aircraft were able to observe travelers and airport employees in the building running for cover. Captain Erbeck announced over the plane's [[public address]] system that there was "some commotion" in the terminal and instructed all the people on board to get down on the floor.

Several of the gunmen ran across the [[Airport apron|tarmac]] toward the [[Pan American World Airways|Pan American]] jet, throwing one [[phosphorus]] [[Incendiary device|incendiary]] and other hand grenades through the open front and rear doors of the aircraft.<ref name=fgarch-rome-dec73>{{cite journal |editor1-last=Ramsden|editor1-first=J. M. |title=Rome hijacking |journal=Flight International |date=27 December 1973 |volume= 104 |issue= 3380 |page=1010 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1973/1973%20-%203057.html |access-date=11 February 2015 |publisher=IPC Transport Press Ltd |via=flightglobal.com/pdfarchive |quote= ran on to the apron and two phosphorus bombs were thrown into the front and rear entrances of a Pan American 707 Celestial Clipper, with 170 passengers on board}}</ref> The explosions knocked crew and passengers to the ground, and the cabin filled with thick, acrid smoke from the resulting fires. Stewardesses were able to open the [[emergency exit]] over the wing on one side of the plane; the other exit was obstructed by gunmen. The crew attempted to evacuate as many passengers as possible through the available exit, but twenty-nine passengers and [[purser]] Diana Perez<ref name=aramex-dec73/> died on the plane, including all eleven passengers in [[First class travel|first class]]. Four [[Moroccan people|Moroccan]] officials<ref name=tmj-18dec73>{{cite news |title=Terrorists Release Hostages in Bargain |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=jvrRlaHg2sAC&dat=19731218&printsec=frontpage |access-date=11 February 2015 |work=[[The Milwaukee Journal]] |publisher=Newspapers, Inc. |date=18 December 1973 |pages=1–2 |format=digitised |via=news.google.com |archive-date=1 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801183445/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=jvrRlaHg2sAC |url-status=dead }}</ref> heading to Iran for a visit, and Bonnie Erbeck, wife of the plane's captain,<ref name=tmj-18dec73p1/> were among the dead.<ref name=tei-bleak-dec73>{{cite news |title=It's a Bleak Christmas For Friends, Kin of Dead |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19731219&id=h1dTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CYUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4441,770808 |access-date=11 February 2015 |work=[[The Evening Independent]] |agency=AP |date=19 December 1973 |page=20 A |format=scanned| via=news.google.com}}</ref> Captain Erbeck survived the attack. Also killed were fourteen [[Saudi Aramco|Aramco]] employees and employee family members.<ref name=aramex-dec73>{{cite web |title=TERRORIST ATTACK IN THE ROME AIRPORT – DECEMBER 1973 |url=http://www.aramcoexpats.com/obituaries/1973/12/terrorist-attack-in-the-rome-airport-december-1973.aspx |website=aramcoexpats.com/obituaries |publisher=Aramco ExPats Corporation |access-date=11 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211154144/http://www.aramcoexpats.com/obituaries/1973/12/terrorist-attack-in-the-rome-airport-december-1973.aspx |archive-date=11 February 2015 }}</ref> The aircraft itself was destroyed.<ref name=ainet>{{cite web |title=N407PA (cn 18838/412) "Clipper Celestial" |url=http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?cnsearch=18838/412&distinct_entry=true |work=Wings on the Web |publisher=Demand Media, Inc. |access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>

== Hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 303 ==
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name            = Lufthansa Flight 303
| date            = {{Start date|1973|12|17|df=y}}–<br />{{end date|df=yes|1973|12|18}}
| type            = [[Aircraft hijacking]]
| occurrence_type = Hijacking
| image           = Lufthansa 737-130 D-ABED.jpg
| image_upright   = 1.16
| caption         = A Lufthansa Boeing 737, similar to the aircraft involved in the hijacking
| site            = [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino International Airport]] in [[Rome]], Italy
| coordinates     = {{Coord|41|48|01|N|12|14|20|E|dim:30_region:IT-RM_type:event|display=inline|name=Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport}}
| occupants       = 19
| passengers      = 15 (including 5 terrorists)
| crew            = 4
| injuries        = 2
| fatalities      = 2 (including 1 on ground)
| survivors       = 18
| aircraft_type   = [[Boeing 737-100]]
| aircraft_name   = 
| callsign        = LUFTHANSA 303
| tail_number     = D-ABEY
| origin          = [[Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport]]
| stopover0       = 
| stopover1       = 
| destination     = [[Munich-Riem Airport]], [[Munich]], West Germany
| operator        = [[Lufthansa]]
}}

Having assaulted the Pan Am aircraft, the five gunmen took hostage several Italians and Lufthansa ground crew members into Lufthansa Flight 303, waiting to depart for [[Munich]].<ref name=asn-dec73>{{cite web |title=Hijacking description: Monday 17 December 1973 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19731217-0 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]] |access-date=11 February 2015 |date=11 February 2015}}</ref> An [[Border guard#Italy|Italian border police officer]], 20-year-old Antonio Zara, was shot and killed when he first arrived at the scene of the attack and tried to fight the terrorists, after the general alarm had been sounded by the airport's [[Air traffic control|control tower]].

The hijackers then forced the crew already on board to move the plane towards the runway in order to take off. For the first part of the [[Taxiing|plane's taxiing]], the aircraft was chased by several [[Carabinieri]] and [[Guardia di Finanza]] vehicles, who abandoned the chase after the hijackers threatened to kill all the hostages on board. At 13:32 hours, just over half an hour from the start of the action, the plane took off for [[Athens]], [[Greece]], where it arrived at 16:50 hours, local Athens time.

The attack was too fast to allow an adequate response from the airport's police forces. At the time, 117 officers were on duty at the airport: 9 [[carabinieri]], 46 [[Guardia di Finanza|customs officers]] and 62 [[Polizia di Stato|State Police officers]], of which 8 were employed in the anti-sabotage service, a negligible number for an intercontinental airport like Fiumicino. The airport structure was unsuitable for the prevention of terrorist attacks, as it was designed at a time when such events were rare.

===Athens stopover===
Upon landing in Athens, the terrorists demanded by radio the release of two Palestinian gunmen responsible for [[1973 Athens Hellinikon International Airport attack|an attack on Hellinikon International Airport]].<ref name=mipt/> They claimed to have killed five hostages, including the plane's first officer. The terrorists then threatened to crash the jet in the middle of Athens if their demands were not met. In reality, only one Italian hostage, Domenico Ippoliti, had been killed and one other hostage wounded. After the refusal of the two detainees to join the commando, they limited their demands to just refuel and leave.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article250473378 |title=Hijackers kill 30 in airport bombing |newspaper=[[Papua New Guinea Post-courier]] |volume= |location=International, Australia |date=19 December 1973 |access-date=7 August 2021 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The plane took off again from Athens after sixteen hours on the ground and after the gunmen had released the wounded hostage and dumped the body of the dead hostage onto the tarmac.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

===Damascus stopover===
The plane next headed for [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]], where Lebanese authorities refused to allow its landing, and blocked the runway with vehicles. [[Cyprus]] also refused to allow landing. The terrorists on board ordered the plane to head for [[Damascus]], [[Syria]], allegedly because the plane was running low on fuel. After they landed in the Syrian capital's airport, [[Syrian Air Force|Air Force]] Commander Major General Naji Jamil attempted to persuade the Palestinians to release the hostages, but they refused. The Syrians provided food to everyone on board and refueled the plane. They also treated one of the hijackers for a head injury. The plane took off again two to three hours after landing.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

===Landing in Kuwait===
The commandeered jet headed for [[Kuwait]], where Kuwaiti authorities refused to allow it to land. Captain Kroese was ordered by the terrorists to land anyway on a secondary runway.<ref name=sec>{{cite magazine |date=31 December 1973|title=TERRORISM: Death in Rome Aboard Flight 110|url= https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,910908-2,00.html|magazine=[[TIME]]|volume=102|issue=27 |pages=87–108|access-date=17 May 2021 }}</ref> An hour of negotiations between the terrorists and the Kuwaiti authorities ended with the release of all twelve remaining hostages<ref name=fgarch-rome-dec73/> in exchange for "free passage" to an unknown destination for the hijackers. The terrorists were permitted to retain their weapons and, upon leaving the plane, raised their hands to the cameras in a [[victory sign|V-for-victory sign]].<ref name=plo>{{cite news |title=Gunmen Punished, P.L.O. Announces |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0A1EF73D55157493C4AB178AD85F418785F9 |access-date=29 December 2011 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=26 January 1975 |page=A1 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2024}}
The terrorists negotiated their escape, but they were still captured shortly thereafter. The [[Kuwait|Kuwaiti authorities]], after questioning the terrorists, decided not to put them on [[trial]] and considered the possibility of handing them over.
The factors that came into play at this point were complex, and sparked a diplomatic case that saw the US and many Arab and European countries clashing over the fate of the terrorists and which nation had jurisdiction to prosecute them.

[[Italy]], despite having made a formal request for [[extradition]] to the [[Kuwait|Arab emirate]], appeared to have no real intention of detaining and trying the terrorists on its own territory, since the request was bound to failure (Italy had no extradition treaty with Kuwait). What probably encouraged Italy to relent in its efforts to take the matter under its command was the danger that detaining the suspects in Italian prisons could have exposed Italy to retaliation by other Palestinian terrorists in a bid for their release. Subsequently, in fact, the last terrorist who was held in Italy (responsible for the failed attack in [[Ostia (Rome)|Ostia]] in 1972) was also actually released, probably for the same reason. Other European countries such as the [[Netherlands]] also followed this line of thinking. 
Italy's actions lend credence to the notion that the Italian government had decided to consider the tragic events at Fiumicino in terms of its "[[national interest]]", whereby it engaged in compromise that tended towards humiliation.

After gruelling international wrangling, in 1974, Egyptian president [[Anwar Sadat]] agreed to the suspects being taken to [[Cairo]] under the responsibility of their group, who would process them for conducting an "unauthorized operation". They remained in prison until 24 November 1974, when, following negotiations further to the hijack of a British aircraft in [[Tunisia]] (carried out with the precise aim of forcing their release), the five men in the commando were released in Tunisia with the complicity of a good number of Arab and European governments and the US. Thereafter, all news of the men ceased and they were spirited away, perhaps hosted in an Arab country where they went unpunished.

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="170" style="text-align:center;">
File:Strage di Fiumicino 1973 (2 of 11).jpg
File:Strage di Fiumicino 1973 (10 of 11).jpg
File:Strage di Fiumicino 1973 (9 of 11).jpg
File:Strage di Fiumicino 1973 (5 of 11).jpg
File:Strage di Fiumicino 1973 (8 of 11).jpg
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Italy|Greece|Palestine|Kuwait|1970s|Aviation}}
*[[List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft]]
*[[List of aircraft hijackings]]
*[[List of terrorist incidents]]
*[[Terrorism in Europe]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930141822/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,910908,00.html Death in Rome Aboard Flight 110], ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]'', 31 December 1973. Retrieved on 10 April 2007. {{subscription required}}
*[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/19/archives/arab-hijackers-land-in-kuwait-hostages-freed-in-return-5-guerrillas.html "Arab Hijackers Land in Kuwait; Hostages Freed"]. ''[[The New York Times]]'', 19 December 1973. Page 1. {{subscription required}}
*[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0914F7385D127A93CAA81789D95F478785F9 "Arab Guerrillas Kill 31 in Rome During Attack on U.S. Airliner, Take Hostages and Go to Athens"]. ''The New York Times'', 18 December 1973. Page 1. {{subscription required}}
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/5/newsid_4533000/4533763.stm Athens attack leaves 3 dead], ''[[BBC News]]'', 5 August 1973. Retrieved on 10 April 2007.
*Gabriele Paradisi, Rosario Priore: La strage dimenticata Fiumicino 17 December 1973, Reggio Emilia 2015.
{{Fatah}}
{{Palestinian militancy attacks in the 1970s}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1973 |expanded}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Greece}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Syria}}
{{Lufthansa}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rome airport attacks and hijacking}}
[[Category:December 1973 in the United States]]
[[Category:1970s in Lazio]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 707]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Original]]
[[Category:Aircraft hijackings in Europe]]
[[Category:Arson attacks on vehicles in Europe]]
[[Category:Arson in Italy]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1973]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Italy]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Greece]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Kuwait]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Syria]]
[[Category:Arson in 1973]]
[[Category:Grenade attacks in Italy]]
[[Category:December 1973 in Europe]]
[[Category:Explosions in 1973]]
[[Category:Fiumicino]]
[[Category:Lufthansa accidents and incidents|1973]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1973]]
[[Category:20th-century mass murder in Italy]]
[[Category:Murder in Rome]]
[[Category:Palestinian terrorist incidents in Italy]]
[[Category:Pan Am accidents and incidents|1973|Pan Am Flight 0110]]
[[Category:Attacks on aircraft by Palestinian militant groups]]
[[Category:Terrorist attacks on airports in Europe]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 1973]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Greece in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Palestinian terrorist incidents in Greece]]
[[Category:1973 in Italy]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Italy in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Kuwait]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Lazio]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Syria in 1973]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents involving incendiary devices]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in Italy]]
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1973]]