Editing 1982 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1982|science}}
{{Science year nav|1982}}

The year '''1982 in science''' and technology involved many significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy==
* January 17 – [[Allan Hills A81005]], the first [[lunar meteorite]] found on Earth, is discovered in the [[Allan Hills]] at the end of the [[Transantarctic Mountains]] by [[John Schutt]] and Ian Whillans during the [[ANSMET]] meteorite gathering expedition.<ref>{{cite web|title=Allan Hills A81005|url=http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=1965|publisher=Meteoritical Society|access-date=2013-01-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Marvin|first=Ursula B.|title=The discovery and initial characterization of Allan Hills 81005: The first lunar meteorite|journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]]|date=1983-01-01|volume=10|issue=9|pages=775–778|doi=10.1029/GL010i009p00775|bibcode=1983GeoRL..10..775M }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Allan Hills A81005|url=http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/lmc/F2%20ALHA81005.pdf|publisher=NASA|access-date=2013-01-11|first1=Kevin|last1=Righter|first2=John|last2=Gruener}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Lunar Meteorite Compendium|url=http://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/lmc/|publisher=NASA|access-date=2013-01-11|first1=Kevin|last1=Righter|first2=John|last2=Gruener}}</ref>
* March 10 – [[Syzygy (astronomy)|Syzygy]]: all 9 planets align on the same side of the [[Sun]].
* October 14 – [[Halley's Comet]]: First spotted in the sky after 70 year return.

==Biology==
* September – First report of anti-human [[monoclonal antibody]] production.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Greener | first1 = Mark | year = 2005 | title = MAbs Turn 30 | journal = The Scientist | volume = 19 | issue = 3| pages = 14–16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Tseng | first1 = S.C. | last2 = Jarvinen | first2 = M.J. | last3 = Nelson | first3 = W.G. | last4 = Huang | first4 = J.W. | last5 = Woodcock-Mitchell | first5 = J. | last6 = Sun | first6 = T.T. | year = 1982 | title = Correlation of specific keratins with different types of epithelial differentiation: monoclonal antibody studies | journal = Cell | volume = 30 | issue = 2| pages = 361–372 | pmid = 6183000 | doi=10.1016/0092-8674(82)90234-3| s2cid = 18786728 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Woodcock-Mitchell | first1 = J. | last2 = Eichner | first2 = R. | last3 = Nelson | first3 = W.G. | last4 = Sun | first4 = T.T. | year = 1982 | title = Immunolocalization of keratin polypeptides in human epidermis using monoclonal antibodies | doi = 10.1083/jcb.95.2.580 | journal = Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 95 | issue = 2| pages = 256–269 | pmid = 6183275 | pmc=2112943}}</ref>

==Computer science==
* January 7 – The [[Commodore 64]] [[8-bit]] [[home computer]] is launched by [[Commodore International]] (released in August); it becomes the all-time best-selling single personal computer model.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pagetable.com/?p=547 |title=How many Commodore 64 computers were sold? |work=pagetable |access-date=2013-03-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306232450/http://www.pagetable.com/?p=547 |archive-date=2016-03-06 }}</ref>
* January 30 – First [[computer virus]], the [[Elk Cloner]], written by 15-year-old [[Rich Skrenta]], is found in the wild.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci989616,00.html|title=Elk Cloner|work=SearchSecurity|access-date=2012-01-28|date=June 2004}}</ref> It infects [[Apple II]] computers via [[floppy disk]].
* July 9 – Sci-fi movie ''[[Tron]]'' is the first feature film to use [[computer animation]] extensively.

==Earth sciences==
* December 13 – [[1982 North Yemen earthquake]], the first instrumentally recorded event to be detected on global seismograph networks.

==History of science==
* ''[[Night Thoughts of a Classical Physicist]]'' is published by [[Russell McCormmach]]. McCormmach uses the novel to present a historiographic point meant to reinforce [[Thomas Kuhn]]'s conception of a non-linear scientific development.

==Mathematics==
* Michael Freedman proves the [[Poincaré conjecture]] in dimensions equal to 4.<ref>{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Crilly|title=50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know|location=London|publisher=Quercus|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84724-008-8|page=93}}</ref>
* [[Gerhard Frey]] draws attention to the property of the [[elliptic curve]] which becomes known as the [[Frey curve]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Frey|first1=Gerhard|title=Rationale Punkte auf Fermatkurven und getwisteten Modulkurven|year=1982|journal=[[Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik]]|volume=331|pages=185–191}}</ref>
* [[Brazil]]ian [[mathematician]] Celso Costa gives a mathematical description of [[Costa's minimal surface]], the first embedded [[minimal surface]] discovered in more than a century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Costa|first=Celso|title=Imersões mínimas completas em <math>\mathbb{R}^3</math> de gênero um e curvatura total finita|year=1982}} Ph.D. Thesis, IMPA, Rio de Janeiro.</ref>
* [[Alexander Merkurjev]] and [[Andrei Suslin]] prove the [[norm residue isomorphism theorem]] in Milnor K2-theory for the case {{nowrap|1=''n'' = 2}} and ℓ arbitrary, with applications to  the [[Brauer group]].

==Medicine==
* July 20 – [[Allen Hill (scientist)|Allen Hill]] and colleagues at the [[University of Oxford]] develop a glucose biosensor.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Cass, A. E. G.|title=Ferrocene-mediated enzyme electrode for amperometric determination of glucose|journal=[[Analytical Chemistry (journal)|Analytical Chemistry]]|volume=56|year=1985|issue=4 |pages=667–71|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1021/ac00268a018|pmid=6721151}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=RSC honours Oxford University team behind diabetic breakthrough|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|url=http://www.rsc.org/AboutUs/News/PressReleases/2012/oxford-university-glucose-sensor-chemical-landmark.asp|date=2012-07-16|access-date=2014-10-10}}</ref>
* September 9 – [[George Brownlee]] and colleagues at the University of Oxford publish their results of cloning human clotting factor IX.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=299|pages=178–180|year=1982|doi=10.1038/299178a0|title=Molecular cloning of the gene for human anti-haemophilic factor IX|author1=Choo, K. H. |author2=Gould, K. G. |author3=Rees, D. J. G. |author4=Brownlee, G. G. |pmid=6287289|issue=5879|bibcode = 1982Natur.299..178C |s2cid=1298041 }}</ref>
* November – [[Helen & Douglas House|Helen House]], the world’s first [[Children's hospice|children’s hospice]], is set up by [[Frances Ritchie|Sister Frances Dominica]] in [[Oxford]], England.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/berkshire/content/articles/2009/01/09/helen_house_feature.shtml|title=The story of Helen House|first=Emma|last=Midgley|date=2009-09-09|publisher=[[BBC Berkshire]]|access-date=2013-09-07}}</ref>
* December 2 – At the [[University of Utah]], 61-year-old retired dentist [[Barney Clark (patient)|Barney Clark]] becomes the first person to receive a permanent [[artificial heart]]; he lives for 112 days with the device.
* [[Janet Balaskas]] establishes and names the active birth movement.<ref>{{cite book|first=Janet|last=Balaskas|title=Active Birth|publisher=Unwin|location=London|year=1983|isbn=0-04-612033-5}}</ref>
* [[Working Formulation]] adopted as a standard classification for [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]s.
* [[Atomic Energy of Canada]] creates [[Therac-25]], a radiation treatment for cancer patients to remove tumors; however the treatment causes 6 deaths between 1985-87 after people are seriously burned by the number of rads: the correct dose of rads is 200-1,000 rads but Therac-25 has 15,000-20,000 rads which is fatal. It is no longer used after 1987.

==Physics ==
* The [[Sakuma–Hattori equation]] is first proposed by [[Fumihiro Sakuma]], [[Akira Ono]] and [[Susumu Hattori]].

==Psychology==
*''[[The Foundations of Ethology]]'' is published by [[Konrad Lorenz]].

==Awards==
*[[Fields Medal|Fields Prize in Mathematics]]: [[Alain Connes]], [[William Thurston]] and [[Shing-Tung Yau]]
* [[Nobel Prize]]s
** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Kenneth G. Wilson]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Aaron Klug]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Sune K. Bergström]], [[Bengt I. Samuelsson]], [[John R. Vane]]
* [[Turing Award]] – [[Stephen Cook]]

==Births==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}

==Deaths==
* February 20 – [[Derek Jackson]] (b. [[1906 in science|1906]]), British-born [[spectroscopist]] and steeplechase rider.
* March 25 – [[Rufus P. Turner]] (b. [[1907 in science|1907]]), [[African American]] [[electronic engineer]].
* April 9 – [[Robert Havemann]] (b. [[1910 in science|1910]]), [[Germans|German]] [[chemist]].
* May 3 – [[Henri Tajfel]] (b. [[1919 in science|1919]]), [[Polish people|Polish]]-born [[British people|British]] [[social psychologist]].
* May 22 – [[Jay Laurence Lush]] (b. [[1896 in science|1896]]), [[Americans|American]] livestock [[geneticist]].
* June 12 – [[Karl von Frisch]] (b. [[1886 in science|1886]]), [[Austria]]n-born [[ethology|ethologist]] and winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]].
* July 29 – [[Vladimir K. Zworykin]] (b. [[1889 in science|1889]]), [[Russian American]] pioneer of television technology.
* August 5 – [[John Charnley]] (b. [[1911 in science|1911]]), [[English people|English]] [[orthopaedic surgeon]].
* December 27 – [[Jack Swigert]] (b. [[1931 in science|1931]]), American [[astronaut]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1982 In Science}}
[[Category:1982 in science| ]]
[[Category:20th century in science]]
[[Category:1980s in science]]