Editing 1983 in science

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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2012}}
{{Year nav topic5|1983|science}}
{{Science year nav|1983}}

The year '''1983 in science''' and technology involved many significant events, as listed below.

==Anthropology==
* New Zealand anthropologist [[Derek Freeman]] publishes ''Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth'', critical of ''[[Coming of Age in Samoa]]'' (1928) by [[Margaret Mead]] (d. 1978).

==Astronomy and space science==
* June 13 – ''[[Pioneer 10]]'' passes the orbit of [[Neptune]], becoming the first man-made object to travel beyond the major planets of the [[Solar System]].
* September 26 – The ''[[Soyuz T-10-1]]'' mission ends in a pad abort at the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]], when a pad fire occurs at the base of the [[Soyuz U]] rocket during the launch countdown. The escape tower system, attached to the top of the capsule containing the crew and [[Soyuz spacecraft]], fires immediately pulling the crew safe from the vehicle, six seconds before the rocket explodes, destroying the launch complex.

==Biology==
* April – [[Kary Mullis]] discovers [[polymerase chain reaction]].
* May 20 – First reports of [[HIV]] as a possible cause of [[AIDS]], by independent [[virology]] teams led by [[Luc Montagnier]] and [[Robert Gallo]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Barre-Sinoussi, F.|author2=Chermann, J.C.|author3=Rey, F.|author4=Nugeyre, M.T.|author5=Chamaret, S.|author6=Gruest, J.|author7=Dauguet, C.|author8=Axler-Blin, C.|author9=Vezinet-Brun, F.|author10=Rouzioux, C.|author11=Rozenbaum, W.|author12=Montagnier, L.|s2cid=390173|year=1983|title=Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=220|issue=4599|pages=868–871|doi=10.1126/science.6189183|pmid=6189183|bibcode=1983Sci...220..868B}}</ref>
* June – First report of using a [[monoclonal antibody]] as a [[medical test]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Greener|first=Mark|year=2005|title=MAbs Turn 30|journal=The Scientist|volume=19|issue=3|pages=14–16}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Klotz S.A. |author2=Drutz D.J. |author3=Tam M.R. |author4=Reed K.H. |title=Hemorrhagic proctitis due to lymphogranuloma venereum serogroup L2: Diagnosis by fluorescent monoclonal antibody|journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]|volume=308|issue=26|pages=1563–1565|pmid=6602293|doi=10.1056/NEJM198306303082604|year=1983 }}</ref>
* July – Determination of the first sequences of [[Type I keratin|type I]] and [[type II keratin]]s and prediction of the [[Alpha helix|α-helical]] domain structure of [[intermediate filament]] [[protein]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hanukoglu I, Fuchs E | title = The cDNA sequence of a Type II cytoskeletal keratin reveals constant and variable structural domains among keratins. | journal = Cell | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 915–924 |date=Jul 1983 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90034-X | pmid = 6191871 | s2cid = 21490380 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/890739 }}</ref>
* November 3 – [[Michael Berridge]] and colleagues publish their discovery that [[inositol trisphosphate]] acts as a [[second messenger system]] in [[cell signaling]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|date=1983-11-03|volume=306|pages=67–9|title=Release of Ca2+ from a nonmitochondrial intracellular store in pancreatic acinar cells by inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate|author=Streb, H.|author2=Irvine, R. F.|author3=Berridge, M. J.|author4=Schulz, I.|issue=5938|doi=10.1038/306067a0|pmid=6605482|bibcode=1983Natur.306...67S |s2cid=4359904 }}</ref>
* December 31 – Publication of an issue of ''Australian Journal of Herpetology'' begins the [[Wells and Wellington affair]].

==Computer science==
* January 1 – The [[ARPANET]] officially changes to use the [[Internet Protocol]], creating the Internet.
* August – Specification for a [[MIDI|Musical Instrument Digital Interface]] (originally devised by [[Dave Smith (engineer)|Dave Smith]] of [[Sequential Circuits]]) published.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chadabe|first=Joel|author-link=Joel Chadabe|date=2000-05-01|title=The Electronic Century, Part IV: The Seeds of the Future|journal=Electronic Musician|publisher=Penton Media|volume=16|issue=5|url=http://www.emusician.com/gear/0769/the-electronic-century-part-iv-the-seeds-of-the-future/145415|access-date=2012-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928230435/http://www.emusician.com/gear/0769/the-electronic-century-part-iv-the-seeds-of-the-future/145415|archive-date=September 28, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* September 27 – [[Richard Stallman]] announces the [[GNU Project]].<ref>On the net.unix-wizards and net.usoft [[newsgroup]]s.</ref>
* October 25 – [[Word processor]] software ''Multi-Tool Word'', soon to become [[Microsoft Word]], is released.<ref>{{cite book|first=Roy A.|last=Allen|title=A History of the Personal Computer: the People and the Technology|year=2001|publisher=Allan Publishing|isbn=978-0-9689108-0-1|url=https://archive.org/details/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer|chapter=Chapter 12: Microsoft in the 1980s|chapter-url=https://archive.org/download/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer/eBook12.pdf|pages=12/25–12/26|access-date=2010-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/help/HA101996251033.aspx |title=Microsoft Office online, Getting to know you...again: The Ribbon|access-date=2011-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511074037/http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/help/HA101996251033.aspx|archive-date=2011-05-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofbranding.com/microsoft.html|title=The history of branding, Microsoft history|access-date=2011-06-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528002301/http://www.historyofbranding.com/microsoft.html|archive-date=2009-05-28}}</ref> It is primarily the work of programmers [[Richard Brodie (programmer)|Richard Brodie]] and [[Charles Simonyi]]. Free demonstration copies on disk are distributed with the November issue of ''[[PC World (magazine)|PC World]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite news|first=Andrew|last=Pollack|title=Computerizing Magazines|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=1983-08-25|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/25/business/technologyandrew-pollack-computerizing-magazines.html|access-date=2011-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512095456/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/08/25/business/technologyandrew-pollack-computerizing-magazines.html|archive-date=2011-05-12|url-status=live}}</ref>
* November 10 – [[Fred Cohen]] demonstrates a self-replicating [[source code]] which his academic adviser at the [[University of Southern California]], [[Leonard Adleman]], likens to a [[Computer virus|virus]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=This Day in Tech – Nov. 10, 1983: Computer 'Virus' Is Born|url=https://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2009/11/1110fred-cohen-first-computer-virus/|first=Kim|last=Zetter|author-link=Kim Zetter|date=2009-11-10|access-date=2012-01-28|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}</ref>
* December – [[SFRY|Yugoslav]] popular science magazine ''Galaksija'' releases a special (January 1984) issue, "Računari u vašoj kući", with complete instructions on how to build a full-featured home computer, [[Galaksija (computer)|Galaksija]].
* The [[suffix automaton]] data structure is introduced.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Maxime |last1=Crochemore |first2=Renaud |last2=Vérin |year=1997 |chapter=On compact directed acyclic word graphs |title=Structures in Logic and Computer Science |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=1261 |pages=192–211 |doi=10.1007/3-540-63246-8_12 |isbn=978-3-540-69242-3}}</ref>
* The [[US Federal Government]] standardizes [[Ada (programming language)]], a strongly typed, comb-structured [[computer language]], with [[exception handler]]s, for general-purpose programming.

==History of science==
* [[Keith Thomas (historian)|Keith Thomas]] publishes ''[[Man and the natural world changing attitudes in England 1500-1800|Man and the Natural World: changing attitudes in England, 1500–1800]]''.

==Mathematics==
* [[Daniel Gorenstein]] (with Richard Lyons) proves the [[trichotomy theorem]] for [[List of finite simple groups|finite simple groups]] of characteristic 2 type and rank at least 4, and announces that proof of the [[classification of finite simple groups]] is complete (although that for [[quasithin group]]s has not been demonstrated at this time).<ref>{{cite book|last=Gorenstein|first=Daniel|title=The classification of finite simple groups. Vol. 1. Groups of noncharacteristic 2 type|location=New York|publisher=Plenum Press|series=The University Series in Mathematics|isbn=978-0-306-41305-6|year=1983|mr=746470}}</ref>

==Medicine==
* July 25 – World's first dedicated hospital ward for [[HIV/AIDS]] patients opens at [[San Francisco General Hospital]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hividgm.ucsf.edu/hiv-primary-care-clinic|title=About|publisher=[[University of California, San Francisco|UCSF]]|access-date=2020-06-10}}</ref>

==Metrology==
* October 21 – At the seventeenth [[General Conference on Weights and Measures]], the length of a [[metre]] is redefined as the distance light travels in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

==Paleontology==
* January – First skeleton of ''[[Baryonyx]]'' discovered in the [[Weald Clay]] formation of [[Surrey]], England, the most complete dinosaur skeleton discovered in the UK at this date, becoming the [[holotype specimen]] of ''Baryonyx walkeri'', named by [[palaeontologists]] [[Alan J. Charig]] and [[Angela C. Milner]] in 1986.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/324359a0 |pmid=3785404 |title=''Baryonyx'', a remarkable new theropod dinosaur |journal=Nature |volume=324 |issue=6095 |pages=359–361 |year=1986 |last1=Charig |first1=A. J. |last2=Milner |first2=A. C. |bibcode=1986Natur.324..359C|s2cid=4343514 }}</ref>

==Psychology==
* [[Howard Gardner]]'s book ''Frames of Mind'' presents his [[theory of multiple intelligences]].
* [[Gísli Guðjónsson]] creates the [[Gudjonsson suggestibility scale]].

==Technology==
* April – [[3D printing]] [[patent]]s are filed by [[Alain Le Mehaute]], Olivier de Witte and Jean Claude André in France and by [[Chuck Hull]] in the United States.

==Organizations==
* [[Spain]] re-joins [[CERN]] after having left in 1969 (originally joined for the first time in 1961).

==Awards==
* Nobel Prizes
** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]], [[William Alfred Fowler]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Henry Taube]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Barbara McClintock]]
* [[Turing Award]] – [[Ken Thompson (computer programmer)|Ken Thompson]], [[Dennis Ritchie]]

==Births==
* [[June Huh]], Korean American mathematician<ref>{{cite news|title=Fields Medals in Mathematics Won by Four Under Age 40|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/07/05/science/fields-medal-math|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|first=Kenneth|last=Chang|date=2022-07-05|access-date=2022-07-05|archive-date=2022-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705073447/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/07/05/science/fields-medal-math|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Deaths==
* February 27 – [[Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev]], Russian [[astronomer]] and [[astrophysicist]] (b. [[1908 in science|1908]])
* March 18 – [[Ivan Vinogradov]], Russian [[mathematician]] (b. [[1891 in science|1891]])
* April 15 – [[Vera Faddeeva]], Russian mathematician (b. [[1906 in science|1906]])
* May 22 – [[Albert Claude]], [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[biologist]], co-recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1974 (b. [[1898 in science|1898]])
* August 2 – [[Edmund Jaeger]], American naturalist (b. [[1887 in science|1887]])
* October 7 – [[George O. Abell]], American astronomer (b. [[1927 in science|1927]])
* October 19 – [[Dorothy Stuart Russell]], Australian-born British pathologist (b. [[1895 in science|1895]])
* October 24 – [[Elie Carafoli]], Romanian aeronautical engineer (b. [[1901 in science|1901]])
* October 26 – [[Alfred Tarski]], [[Polish American]] [[logician]] and mathematician (b. [[1901 in science|1901]])
* December 6 – [[Bruce Irons (engineer)|Bruce Irons]], English-born engineer and mathematician (b. [[1924 in science|1924]]; suicide)

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1983 In Science}}
[[Category:1983 in science| ]]
[[Category:20th century in science]]
[[Category:1980s in science]]