Editing 1993 in science

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{{Year nav topic5|1993|science}}
{{Science year nav|1993}}

The year '''1993 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved many significant events, listed below.

==Astronomy and space exploration==
* February 13 – [[Asteroid]] [[7253 Nara]] is discovered by [[Fumiaki Uto]].
* December 2 – [[STS-61]] is launched. This [[Space Shuttle]] mission to the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) installs corrective optics, plus upgrades, that not only allow the telescope to focus properly, but also increase magnification/clarity beyond the original design. HST had been pre-designed for such [[continuous improvement]].
* The first definite [[asteroid moon]] is confirmed when the [[Galileo probe]] discovers Dactyl orbiting [[243 Ida]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Chapman|first=Clark R.|title=S-Type Asteroids, Ordinary Chondrites, and Space Weathering: The Evidence from Galileo's Fly-bys of Gaspra and Ida|journal=Meteoritics|volume=31|pages=699–725|date=October 1996|issue=6 |bibcode=1996M&PS...31..699C|doi = 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1996.tb02107.x}}</ref>

==Computer science==
* March 22 – The [[Intel]] Corporation ships the first [[Intel P5 (microarchitecture)|Pentium]] chips
* March 31 – A bug in a program written by [[Richard Depew]] sends an article to 200 newsgroups simultaneously. The term [[spamming]] is coined by [[Joel Furr]] to describe the incident.
* April – Release of the [[Sibelius (software)|Sibelius]] [[music notation program]], developed by [[British people|British]] twins Ben and Jonathan Finn.
* April 22 – Release of version 1.0 of the [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]] [[Web browser]], devised by [[Marc Andreessen]] and [[Eric Bina]] in the United States.
* June 9 – Release of ''[[Jurassic Park (film)|Jurassic Park]]'' making pioneering use of [[computer-generated imagery]] to produce moving images of prehistoric creatures.
* June 15 – Adobe publishes the first version of the [[PDF|PDF format]] together with version 1.0 of its PDF product line [[Adobe Acrobat]]

==Mathematics==
* April – Publication of a seminal paper on the [[particle filter]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gordon|first1=N. J.|last2=Salmond|first2=D. J.|last3=Smith|first3=A. F. M.|authorlink3=Adrian Smith (statistician)|title=Novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation|journal=IEE Proceedings F - Radar and Signal Processing|publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers|volume=140|issue=2|year=1993|issn=0956-375X|doi=10.1049/ip-f-2.1993.0015|page=107}}</ref>
* June 21 – [[Andrew Wiles]] announces a proof of [[Fermat's Last Theorem]] at the [[Isaac Newton Institute]]. The proof is slightly flawed, but Wiles announces a revised proof the following year.

==Paleontology==
* 14-year-old fossil hunter [[Wes Linster]] finds the first ''[[Bambiraptor]]'' skeleton in [[Montana]].
* Giant [[sauropod]] [[dinosaur]] ''[[Argentinosaurus]]'' formally described by [[José Bonaparte]] and [[Rodolfo Coria]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bonaparte J. F.; Coria R. A.|year=1993|title=Un nuevo y gigantesco sauropodo titanosaurio de la Formacion Rio Limay (Albiano-Cenomaniano) de la Provincia de Neuquen, Argentina|journal=Ameghiniana|volume=30|issue=3|pages=271–82}}</ref>

==Physics==
* [[Leon M. Lederman]] and [[Dick Teresi]] publish ''[[The God Particle (book)|The God Particle]]''.

==Physiology and medicine==
* February – The ''[[New England Journal of Medicine]]'' publishes findings demonstrating that patients with [[peptic ulcers]] can be successfully treated with [[antibiotics]], lending strong support to the [[Timeline of peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori|discovery]] that peptic ulcer disease is caused by ''[[H. pylori]]''.
* March 23 – Start of [[1993 Milwaukee Cryptosporidiosis outbreak|Milwaukee Cryptosporidiosis outbreak]].
* July 15 – A study published by [[Dean Hamer]] and others in the United States indicates a [[Biology and sexual orientation|link]] between the [[chromosome band]] and [[genetic marker]] [[Xq28]] and male [[sexual orientation]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.8332896|title=A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome and male sexual orientation|year=1993|last1=Hamer|first1=D.|last2=Hu|first2=S.|last3=Magnuson|first3=V.|last4=Hu|first4=N.|last5=Pattatucci|first5=A.|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=261|issue=5119|pages=321–7|pmid=8332896|bibcode=1993Sci...261..321H|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1231257}}</ref>
* August
** Formal launch of the [[Cochrane Collaboration]].
** [[Francisco Mojica]] first characterizes what becomes known as the [[CRISPR]] locus.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mojica|first1=F. J.|last2=Juez|first2=G.|last3=Rodríguez-Valera|first3=F|year=1993|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8412707|title=Transcription at different salinities of Haloferax mediterranei sequences adjacent to partially modified PstI sites|journal=[[Molecular Microbiology (journal)|Molecular Microbiology]]|volume=9|issue=3|pages=613–621|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01721.x |pmid=8412707 |s2cid=23548049 |accessdate=2021-03-19}}</ref>
* The "Intelligent [[Prosthesis]]", the first commercially available [[microprocessor]]-controlled prosthetic knee, is released by UK company Charles A. Blatchford & Sons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blatchford.co.uk/company/history/history.html|title=History of Prosthetics|publisher=Blatchford & Sons, Ltd|accessdate=2008-03-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410073712/http://www.blatchford.co.uk/company/history/history.html|archivedate=2008-04-10|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Awards==
* [[Nobel Prize]]s
** [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]] – [[Russell A. Hulse]], [[Joseph H. Taylor Jr.]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]] – [[Kary Mullis]], [[Michael Smith (chemist)|Michael Smith]]
** [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]] – [[Richard J. Roberts]], [[Phillip A. Sharp]]
* [[Turing Award]] – [[Juris Hartmanis]], [[Richard E. Stearns]]
* [[Wollaston Medal|Wollaston Medal for Geology]] – [[Samuel Epstein (geochemist)|Samuel Epstein]]

==Deaths==
* January 9 – Dame [[Janet Vaughan]], [[English people|English]] [[physiologist]] (b. [[1899 in science|1899]])
* February 11 – [[Robert W. Holley]], [[Americans|American]] [[biochemist]], winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1922 in science|1922]])
* February 21 – [[Inge Lehmann]], [[Danes|Danish]] [[Seismology|seismologist]] (b. [[1888 in science|1888]])
* March 4 – [[Izaak Kolthoff]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]] 'father of [[analytical chemistry]]' (b. [[1894 in science|1894]])
* April 1 – [[Solly Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman|Solly Zuckerman]], British government scientific advisor (b. [[1904 in science|1904]])
* July 2 
** [[Elizabeth M. Ramsey]], American research [[physician]] (b. [[1906 in science|1906]])
**[[Clarence Zener]], American physicist (b. [[1905 in science|1905]])
* July 24 – [[Anna Maurizio]], Swiss biologist (b. [[1900 in science|1900]])
* August 16 – [[Kitty Joyner]], American electrical engineer (b. [[1916 in science|1916]])
* August 25 – [[Mildred Creak]], English [[child psychologist]] (b. [[1898 in science|1898]])
* September 24 – [[Bruno Pontecorvo]], Italian-born Soviet nuclear physicist (b. [[1913 in science|1913]])
* October 1  – [[Vera Peters]], Canadian [[oncologist]] (b. [[1911 in science|1911]])
* October 17  – [[Zvi Sliternik]], Israeli [[entomologist]] (b. [[1897 in science|1897]]) 
* November 1 – [[Severo Ochoa]], Spanish biochemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. [[1905 in science|1905]])

==Organisations==
* [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovakia]] join [[CERN]].

==References==
{{Portal|1990s|Science}}
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1993 In Science}}
[[Category:1993 in science| ]]
[[Category:20th century in science]]
[[Category:1990s in science]]