Editing 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment

{{Peacock|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment
| image                         = 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment battle flag.jpg
| caption                       = Regimental Banner of the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Inspired former [[flag of Minnesota]])
| dates                         = April 29, 1861, to April 2, 1864 (July 15, 1865 as [[1st Minnesota Infantry Battalion]])
| country                       = {{flag|United States|1863}}
| allegiance                    = [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
| branch                        = [[Infantry]]
| equipment                     = [[Springfield Model 1861|M1861 Springfield .58 Rifle-musket]]<br>[[Springfield Model 1842|M1842 Springfield .69 Smoothbore]]<br>[[Springfield Model 1842|M1842 Springfield .69 Rifle-musket]]<br>[[Springfield Model 1855|M1855 Springfield .58 Rifle-musket]] <br> [[Sharps Rifle]] (Company L only)
<!-- Culture and history -->| battles                       = <small>{{tree list}}
*[[American Civil War]]
**[[First Battle of Bull Run]] (1861) 
**[[Battle of Ball's Bluff]] (1861)
**[[Siege of Yorktown]] (Not Engaged) (1862)
**[[Battle of Seven Pines]] (1862)
**[[Battle of Savage's Station]] (1862)
**[[Battle of Malvern Hill]] (In Reserve) (1862)
**[[Second Battle of Bull Run]] (Rearguard) (1862)
**[[Battle of Antietam]] (1862)
**[[Battle of Fredericksburg]] (In Reserve) (1863)
**[[Second Battle of Fredericksburg]] (1863)
**[[Battle of Gettysburg]] (1863)
**[[Battle of Bristoe Station]] (1863)
**{{tree list/final branch}}[[Battle of Mine Run]] (1863)
{{tree list/end}}</small>
| notable_commanders            = [[Willis A. Gorman|Colonel Willis A. Gorman]]<br>[[Napoleon J.T. Dana|Colonel Napoleon J.T. Dana]]<br>
[[Alfred Sully|Colonel Alfred Sully]]<br>[[George N. Morgan|Colonel George N. Morgan]]<br>[[William J. Colvill|Colonel William J. Colvill]]
}}

[[File:William  Colvill.jpg|thumb|Image of Colonel Colvill when he was a Captain.]]
The '''1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment''' was a Union infantry regiment active during the [[American Civil War]] that participated in the battles of [[First Battle of Bull Run|First Bull Run]], [[Battle of Antietam|Antietam]] and [[Battle of Gettysburg|Gettysburg]].<ref name="1stMN">{{cite book |last=Moe |first=Richard |title=The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press |year=1993 |isbn=978-087351406-4 |location=St. Paul, MN |pages=63}}</ref> The regiment is famous for charging into a brigade of Confederate soldiers on the [[Battle of Gettysburg, second day|second day]] of the Battle of Gettysburg when [[Major General (United States)|Major General]] [[Winfield Scott Hancock]] ordered them to do so. This blunted the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] attack and helped preserve the Union's precarious position on [[Cemetery Ridge]].

==History==

===Organization and early service===
[[File:MHS 1st Minnesota Insignia.jpg|thumb|Plain brass First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry badge worn on the [[kepi]]. It was worn by Sergeant Chesley Billings Tirrell of Company C. The officers version was nickel plated. The [[trefoil]] was the Corps emblem of the II Corps that the 1st Minn. was attached to.[http://www.mnhs.org Minnesota Historical Society.] ]]

On April 14, 1861, [[Minnesota]] Governor [[Alexander Ramsey]] was visiting [[Washington, D.C.]] when he first heard news of the attack. He went with [[Morton S. Wilkinson|Senator Wilkinson]] to rush to the office of the [[Secretary of War]], [[Simon Cameron]] to offer 1,000 Minnesotan Soldiers to the [[Union Army]]. Two days later, the Adjutant General of Minnesota, William H. Acker, issued an order for Minnesota's Commissary General, H. Z. Mitchell, to enlist men for Minnesota's 1st Regiment.<ref>latest, St. Cloud Democrat, April 18, 1861, p.3 Image 3, Chronciling American, Library of Congress, 2023, [https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83016836/1861-04-18/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1861&index=1&rows=20&words=Gen+H+Mitchell+Z&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1862&proxtext=Gen+H.+Z.+Mitchell&y=10&x=11&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1]</ref>  Word spread and communities in Minnesota quickly raised companies of [[United States Volunteers|volunteers]] identified by locality.  The companies traveled to the newly reactivated [[Fort Snelling]] to be enlisted into the regiment on April 29.  These companies were the first troops offered by any state to meet [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s call for 75,000 men to assist the [[Federal Government]] to deal with the [[secession]]. On May 10, they were re-enlisted for 3 more years of service. From Fort Snelling, they boarded [[steamboat|river boats]] heading south to a rail line, whereafter they headed east.

[[Josias R. King|Josias Ridgate King]] of the St. Paul Pioneer Guard is credited as being the first northern volunteer to stand to for Lincoln's call for men to fight the Confederacy.<ref>King, Josias R. (1832–1916), MNopedia, Brian Leehan, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minnesota [https://www.mnopedia.org/person/king-josias-r-1832-1916]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Company !! Earliest Moniker !! Primary Location of Recruitment !! Earliest Captain
|-
| A || Pioneer Guard || [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]] || [[Alexander Wilkin]]
|-
| B || Stillwater Guard || [[Stillwater, Minnesota|Stillwater]] || Carlyle A. Bromley
|-
| C || St. Paul Volunteers || St. Paul || William H. Acker
|-
| D || Lincoln Guards || [[Minneapolis]] || Henry R. Putnam
|-
| E || St. Anthony Zouaves || [[St. Anthony, Minnesota|St. Anthony]] || [[George N. Morgan]]
|-
| F || Red Wing Volunteers<br>or Goodhue County Volunteers || [[Red Wing, Minnesota|Red Wing]] || William J. Colvill, Jr.
|-
| G || Faribault Guards || [[Faribault, Minnesota|Faribault]] || William H. Dike
|-
| H || Dakota County Volunteers || [[Hastings, Minnesota|Hastings]] || [[Charles Powell Adams]]
|-
| I || Wabasha Volunteers || [[Wabasha, Minnesota|Wabasha]] || [[John H. Pell]]
|-
| K || Winona Volunteers || [[Winona, Minnesota|Winona]] || Henry C. Lester
|-
| L || [[2nd Minnesota Sharpshooters Company|Sharpshooters]]<br>(Company A, [[2nd United States Sharpshooters]]) || [[Rice County, Minnesota|Rice]] & [[Steele County, Minnesota|Steele]] Counties|| William Russell
|-
|}

===First Bull Run===

On July 21, 1861, near [[Manassas, Virginia]], the regiment fought in the first major battle of the American Civil War, the [[First Battle of Bull Run]]. While straddling Rickett's Battery in support, the regiment saw heavy fighting on [[Henry House Hill]] in close proximity to the enemy. The 1st Minnesota was one of the last regiments to leave the battlefield and suffered one of the highest number of casualties of any northern regiment: 49 killed, 107 wounded and 34 missing.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Bull Runnings|url=http://bullrunnings.wordpress.com/2008/09/25/44a-col-willis-a-gorman/|title=Report of Col. Willis A. Gorman, First Minnesota Infantry; O.R.–SERIES I–VOLUME 51 Part 1 [S# 107]|pages=20–23|access-date=2011-09-26|date=2008-09-25}}</ref>

During the 1st Minnesota Infantry's initiation to combat, it was noted for honourable conduct by Colonel Franklin.

<blockquote>The First Minnesota Regiment moved from its position on the left of the field to the support of Ricketts' battery, and gallantly engaged the enemy at that point. It was so near the enemy's lines that friends and foes were for a time confounded. The regiment behaved exceedingly well, and finally retired from the field in good order. The other two regiments of the brigade retired in confusion, and no efforts of myself or staff were successful in rallying them. I respectfully refer you to Colonel Gorman's report for the account of his regiment's behavior and of the good conduct of his officers and men.<ref>{{cite web|last=Franklin|first=Col. William B.|title=Report of Col. William B. Franklin, Twelfth U. S. Infantry, Commanding First Brigade, Third Division.|publisher=Civil War Reference|url=http://www.civilwarreference.com/reports/detail.php?reportID=104|access-date=2012-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312053219/http://civilwarreference.com/reports/detail.php?reportid=104|archive-date=2016-03-12|url-status=dead}}</ref></blockquote>

===Antietam===
During [[John Sedgwick|General John Sedgwick's]] ill-fated assault on the West Woods,<ref>{{cite web|last=Antietam on the Web|url=http://antietam.aotw.org/tablet.php?tablet_id=370|title=Gorman's Brigade, Sedgwick's Division|access-date=2012-08-04}}</ref> the regiment suffered significant casualties (1 officer killed, 3 officers wounded, 15 enlisted killed, 79 enlisted wounded, 24 enlisted missing, for a total of 122 [28%] of 435 engaged)<ref>{{cite web|last=Antietam on the Web|url=http://antietam.aotw.org/exhibit.php?exhibit_id=286|title=Col Alfred Sully's Official Report|access-date=2012-08-04}}</ref> as Union forces were routed on that part of the field.  The brigade commander noted, "The First Minnesota Regiment fired with so much coolness and accuracy that they brought down [three times one] of the enemy's flags, and finally cut the flag-staff in two."<ref>{{cite web |last=Gorman |first=Brigadier General Willis A |title=Report of Brig. Gen. Willis A. Gorman, U.S. Army, Commanding First Brigade, of the Battle of Antietam SEPTEMBER 3–20, 1862.—The Maryland Campaign. O.R.—SERIES I—VOLUME XIX/1 [S# 27] |url=http://www.civilwarhome.com/gormanantietam.htm |access-date=27 September 2012 |publisher=Civil War Home}}</ref>

===Gettysburg===

====July 2====
[[Image:1st Minn Gbg.JPG|thumb|left|275px|Monument to the 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment at [[Gettysburg Battlefield]], Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, located on Cemetery Ridge, off South Hancock Avenue.]]The regiment's most famous action occurred during the [[Battle of Gettysburg, Second Day|second day's fighting at Gettysburg]], when [[Major General (United States)|Major General]] [[Winfield Scott Hancock]] ordered the 1st Minnesota, composed of roughly 250 men, to charge into a brigade of roughly 1,200 men belonging to [[James Longstreet]]'s [[First Corps, Army of Northern Virginia|corps]] and [[Richard H. Anderson (general)|Richard H. Anderson]]'s Division. Although the regiment was outnumbered by a ratio of at least 5 to 1, charging was Hancock's only opportunity to buy time for Union reinforcements to arrive. One survivor stated afterward that he expected the advance to result in "death or wounds to us all".<ref>{{cite speech |title=Dedicatory Address, First Minnesota Monument |last=Lochren |first=Lieutenant William |location=Gettysburg National Military Park |date=July 2, 1897}} Cited in {{cite book |last=Colvill Commission |url=https://archive.org/details/04090632.3107.emory.edu |title=History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864 |publisher=Easton & Masterman |year=1916 |location=Stillwater, MN |pages=[https://archive.org/details/04090632.3107.emory.edu/page/n378 344] |quote=Every man realized in an instant what that order meant. Death or wounds to us all—the sacrifice of the regiment to gain a few minutes time and save the position and probably the battlefield, and every man saw and accepted the necessity for that sacrifice, and responding to Colvill's rapid orders the regiment in perfect line, with arms at right shoulder shift was in a moment down that slope directly upon the enemy's center.}}</ref> The regiment immediately obeyed the order and Hancock was reportedly amazed at the unit discipline, valor, and the tremendous casualties taken in carrying out his order. This action blunted the Confederate attack and helped preserve the Union's precarious position on [[Cemetery Ridge]] at the end of the [[Battle of Gettysburg, second day|second day of the battle]].

[[File:Gettysburg Battlefield 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment Monument.jpg|thumb|Gettysburg Battlefield 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment Monument.]]
[[Major General|Maj. Gen.]] [[Winfield S. Hancock]], commander of [[II Corps (ACW)|II Corps]], could see two brigades of Southerners commanded by Brigadier General [[Cadmus M. Wilcox]] breaching the line in front of one of his batteries. Hancock quickly rode up to the troops guarding the battery and asked Colonel [[William Colvill (colonel)|William Colvill]] what unit the troops belonged to. Colvill responded "the 1st Minnesota", to which Hancock responded "Attack that line!" With their bayonets leveled, the Minnesotans broke the first lines. The intensity of their charge disrupted the Southern forces' advances. Just before the 1st Minnesota became nearly encircled by enemy troops, Union reinforcements arrived in time to allow some of the men to make a fighting withdrawal. Their  charge bought the Union the time it needed for reinforcements to be brought up.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} During the charge, 215{{#tag:ref|The 215 casualty figure is disputed. Morning muster on July 2 for companies A, B, D, E, G, H, I & K, involved in the assault, was 262 with the evening muster 47. To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. Lochren) subtracted the muster figures (262-47=215)(82.1%) and asserted that "[every one of the] 215 [missing men] lay upon the field."<ref>{{cite book|last=Colville Commission|title=History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864|year=1916|url=https://archive.org/details/04090632.3107.emory.edu|publisher=Easton & Masterman|location=Stillwater, MN|pages=[https://archive.org/details/04090632.3107.emory.edu/page/n379 345]}}</ref> Conducting an enumeration by individual names in 1982, Robert W. Meinhard of Winona State University accounted for only 179 (68.3%) casualties for the single day of July 2, 1863.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Maciejewski|first=Jeffrey|title=Buying Time|journal=America's Civil War|date=July 2011|pages=50}}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Meinhard|first=Robert W.|title=Letter to Tom Harrison, Chief Historian, Gettysburg National Military Park|date=20 May 1982}} cited in {{cite book|last=Moe|first=Richard|title=The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers|year=1993|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press|location=St. Paul, MN|isbn=978-087351406-4|pages=275}}</ref>  Whether Meinhard's and Lochren's conclusions are based upon the exact same records is unknown; accounting for the disputed 36 (=215-179) men remains unresolved.|group="nb"}} of the 262 who made the charge became casualties within five minutes (47 killed, 121 wounded, 47 missing).<ref>1st Minnesota Casualties, 
The Goodhue Volunteer, July 22, 1863, p.3, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub, 2023, Minnesota historical Socieety, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St. Paul, Mn [https://newspapers.mnhs.org/jsp/PsImageViewer.jsp?doc_id=b99c121a-6285-4180-b361-d84a5d586505%2Fmnhi0031%2F1H0YNM56%2F63072201]</ref> That included the unit commander, Col. [[William Colvill (colonel)|William Colvill]], and all but three of his captains.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}
[[File:The First Minnesota by Don Troiani (4101092782).jpg|thumb|The bayonet charge by the 1st Minnesota regiment against a Confederate brigade on July 2, 1863]]
The 1st Minnesota's flag lost five flag bearers, each man dropping his weapon to carry it on. The 47 survivors rallied back to General Hancock under the command of their senior surviving officer, Captain Nathan S. Messick. The 82% casualty rate stands as the [[American units with the highest percentage of casualties per conflict|second largest loss by any surviving  U.S military unit]] in a single day's engagement. The unit's colors are displayed in the [[Rotunda (architecture)|rotunda]] of the Minnesota Capitol for public appreciation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rotunda at State of Minnesota |url=https://fmd-inquiry.state.mn.us/booking/rooms/capitol-rotunda |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=fmd-inquiry.state.mn.us}}</ref>

In his official report, Confederate Brigadier General [[Cadmus M. Wilcox]] perceived the inequality of the fight differently (bold emphasis likely refers to the First Minnesota):<blockquote>''This stronghold of the enemy [i.e., Cemetery Ridge], together with his batteries, were almost won, '''when still another line of infantry descended the slope in our front at a double-quick''', to the support of their fleeing comrades and for the defense of the batteries. Seeing this contest so unequal, I dispatched my adjutant-general to the division commander, to ask that support be sent to my men, but no support came. '''Three several times did this last of the enemy's lines attempt to drive my men back, and were as often repulsed.''' This struggle at the foot of the hill on which were the enemy's batteries, though so unequal, was continued for some thirty minutes. With a second supporting line, the heights could have been carried. Without support on either my right or left, my men were withdrawn, to prevent their entire destruction or capture. The enemy did not pursue, but my men retired under a heavy artillery fire, and returned to their original position in line, and bivouacked for the night, pickets being left on the pike.''<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilcox|first=Brig. Gen Cadmus M.|title=Official Report, The Gettysburg Campaign|url=http://www.civilwarhome.com/wilcoxgettysburgor.htm|publisher=Home of the American Civil War|access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref></blockquote>

====July 3====
[[File:28th Virginia Infantry Color.jpg|thumb|[[28th Virginia Colors]] taken by St. Paulite. Private [[Marshall Sherman]] of Company C.]]
[[Image:1MN July3 Mon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|July 3 Monument to the 1st Minn. Reg., the Codori farmstead behind]]
Carrying on from the heavy losses of the previous day, the remaining men of the 1st Minn. were reinforced by detached Companies C and F. The reunited regiment was moved a bit north of the previous day's fight to one of the few places where Union lines were breached during [[Pickett's Charge]]. They again had to charge into advancing Confederate troops with more losses.  Capt. Messick was killed and Capt. W. B. Farrell mortally wounded, and Capt. Henry C. Coates had to take command. During this charge, Private [[Marshall Sherman]] of Company C captured [[28th Virginia battle flag|the colors]] of the [[28th Virginia Infantry]]<ref>[http://www.gdg.org/Research/MOLLUS/mollus7.html research file] ([[MOLLUS]] at Gettysburg Discussion Group website)</ref> and received the [[Medal of Honor]] for this exploit. The Confederate flag was taken back to Minnesota as a [[war trophy]], where it remains.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Resnick |first=Brian |date=2013-06-28 |title=150 Years After Gettysburg, Virginia and Minnesota Fight Over Confederate Flag |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/06/150-years-after-gettysburg-virginia-and-minnesota-fight-over-confederate-flag/313796/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref>

After being knocked out by a bullet to the head and later shot in the hand, Corporal [[Henry D. O'Brien]] repeatedly picked up the fallen colors of the 1st Minnesota and carried a wounded comrade back to the Union lines. He was also awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

===Later service===

The 1st Minnesota continued to serve in the [[Army of the Potomac]]. In 1863 it participated in the [[Bristoe Campaign|Bristoe]] and [[Mine Run Campaign|Mine Run]] Campaigns. The 1st Minnesota mustered at Fort Snelling on April 29, 1864. Many soldiers continued service as the [[1st Minnesota Infantry Battalion]] and went on to fight in the [[Appomattox Campaign]]. On May 23–24, the 1st Minnesota Battalion marched in the [[Grand Review of the Armies]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] In July, the 1st Minnesota Battalion moved to [[Louisville, Kentucky]] for duty. It was mustered out of service upon completion of its enlistment on July 15, 1865 .<ref>[https://civilwarintheeast.com/us-regiments-batteries/minnesota/1st-minnesota-infantry-regiment/ First Minnesota Infantry Regiment]</ref>

=== Post war ===
Post war, both General Hancock and [[U.S. President]] [[Calvin Coolidge]] were unrestrained in their praise for the actions of the 1st Minnesota. Gen. Hancock, who witnessed the action firsthand, placed its heroism highest in the annals of war:<ref>{{cite book |last=Tucker |first=Glenn |url=https://archive.org/details/hancockthesuperb010775mbp |title=Hancock the Superb |publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. |year=1960 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/hancockthesuperb010775mbp/page/n154 145] |quote=No soldiers on any field, in this or any other country, ever displayed grander heroism.}}</ref> "No soldiers on any field, in this or any other country ever displayed grander heroism." Gen. Hancock ascribed unsurpassed gallantry to the famed assault stating: "There is no more gallant deed recorded in history."<ref>{{cite book |last=Folwell |first=William Watts |title=A History of Minnesota, Vol II |publisher=Minnesota Historical Society |year=1961 |location=St. Paul, MN |pages=311 |quote=There is no more gallant a deed recorded in history.}}</ref> Emphasizing the critical nature of the circumstances on July 2 at Gettysburg, President Coolidge considered: "Colonel Colvill and those eight companies of the First Minnesota are entitled to rank as the saviors of their country."<ref>{{cite web |last=The American Presidency Project |title=Address Dedicating a Memorial to Col. William Colvill, Cannon Falls, Minn. July 4, 1928 |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=461 |access-date=2012-09-10}}</ref>

Minnesota has two monuments at the [[Gettysburg National Military Park]]. The more grand of the two bears the inscription:

{{blockquote|On the afternoon of July 2, 1863 Sickles' Third Corps, having advanced from this line to the Emmitsburg Road, eight companies of the First Minnesota Regiment, numbering 262 men were sent to this place to support a battery upon Sickles repulse.

As his men were passing here in confused retreat, two Confederate brigades in pursuit were crossing the swale. To gain time to bring up the reserves & save this position, Gen Hancock in person ordered the eight companies to charge the rapidly advancing enemy.

The order was instantly repeated by Col. Wm Colvill. And the charge was instantly made down the slope at full speed through the concentrated fire of the two brigades breaking with the bayonet the enemy's front line as it was crossing the small brook in the low ground there the remnant of the eight companies, nearly surrounded by the enemy held its entire force at bay for a considerable time & till it retired on the approach of the reserve the charge successfully accomplished its object. It saved this position & probably the battlefield. The loss of the eight companies in the charge was 215 killed & wounded. More than 82% percent. 47 men were still in line & no man missing. In self sacrificing desperate valor this charge has no parallel in any war. Among the severely wounded were Col. Wm Colvill, Lt Col. Chas P Adams & Maj. Mark W. Downie. Among the killed Capt. Joseph Periam, Capt. Louis Muller & Lt Waldo Farrar. The next day the regiment participated in repelling Pickett's charge losing 17 more men killed & wounded.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0007018.htm |title=DCMemorials.com |access-date=2007-07-07 |archive-date=2016-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927100532/http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0007018.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}

==Casualties==
[[Image:1st Minnesota Civil War drum.jpg|thumb|right|First Minnesota Civil War drum, 1861]]
The 1st Minnesota Infantry suffered the loss of 10 officers and 177 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds, plus another 2 officers and 97 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 286 fatalities and 609 wounded.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==Continued lineage==
The 2nd Battalion, [[135th Infantry Regiment (United States)|135th Infantry Regiment]], [[34th Infantry Division (United States)|34th Infantry Division]] ([[Minnesota Army National Guard]]) traces its roots back to the historic 1st Minnesota Volunteers.

==See also==
*[[List of Minnesota Civil War Units]]
*[[28th Virginia Colors]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |editor1-first=C. C. |editor1-last=Andrews |editor1-link=Christopher Columbus Andrews |publisher=Printed for the state by the [[St. Paul Pioneer Press|Pioneer Press Co]] |location=St. Paul, Minn |title=Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars 1861–1865 |date=1891 |ol=7088819M}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Imholte, John Q., ''The First Volunteers:  History of the first Minnesota Volunteer Regiment, 1861-1865''. Minneapolis: Ross & Haines, 1963. Out of print.
* Jorgenson, Wayne D., "Every Man Did His Duty, Pictures and Stories of the Men of the First Minnesota". Minneapolis, MN., Tesora Books, 2012, {ISBN 978-1-934690-56-7}
* Moe, Richard, ''The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers''. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1993, {{ISBN|978-087351406-4}}.

==External links==
*[http://www.1stMinnesota.net Roster of the First Minnesota]
*[https://civilwarintheeast.com/us-regiments-batteries/minnesota/1st-minnesota-infantry-regiment/]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040703040740/http://rhet5662.class.umn.edu/heroes/1stmin2.html Poem: The Charge of the First Minnesota]
*[http://www.gdg.org/Research/MOLLUS/mollus7.html Lieutenant William Lochren's account of the First Minnesota at Gettysburg, read January 14, 1890.]
*[https://www.amazon.com/dp/0873515110 Leehan, Brian.  ''Pale Horse at Plum Run: The First Minnesota at Gettysburg'']
*[http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0007018.htm 1st Minnesota Regiment Monument at Gettysburg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927100532/http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0007018.htm |date=2016-09-27 }}[https://web.archive.org/web/20120528133659/http://www.ng.mil/resources/photo_gallery/heritage/hires/First_Minnesota.jpg National Guard Heritage Series Painting of the First Minnesota at Gettysburg.]
*[https://libguides.mnhs.org/first_infantry Manuscript collections] about the First Minnesota are available for research use at the [http://www.mnhs.org/ Minnesota Historical Society]
*[http://www.1stminnd.org First Minnesota, Co D ~ Lincoln Guards living history organization]
*[http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=352/ Photo of the Day: 1st Minnesota Monument at Gettysburg]
*[http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=337/ From the Journal of Sgt. Sam Bloomer, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry April 29 - May 3, 1861]
*[http://thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=801/ From the Journal of Sgt. Sam Bloomer, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Company B, Dec. 24, 1861-Jan. 9, 1862]
* [http://www.thisweekinthecivilwar.com/?p=1254/ The bridge that saved an Army: Grapevine Bridge and the Battle of Fair Oaks]
* [http://www.mnopedia.org/group/first-minnesota-volunteer-infantry-regiment/ The First Minnesota in MNopedia]
* [http://sites.mnhs.org/civil-war/ Minnesota Historical Society resources on Minnesota and the Civil War]
* {{Internet Archive|04090632.3107.emory.edu|History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864: with maps and illustrations (1916)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190103012054/http://www.civilwardocumentary.com/ Hush - What Was the Civil War Really About - A documentary about the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry and the Civil War]

{{Gettysburg Campaign}}

[[Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Minnesota]]
[[Category:1861 establishments in Minnesota]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1861]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1864]]